According to the data of the National Investigation Corps, in 2009, the potato area in Sichuan ranked fourth in the country, with the total output ranking first.
As a pioneer in the development of potato industry in our province, Liangshan potato has become a banner: it has built the largest standardized production base of green food raw potato in China, and has become the largest potato producing area in our province, ranking first in planting area, output, commodity volume and economic benefits.
By analyzing the development path of potato industry, we can see a characteristic agricultural development path that transforms resource advantages into economic advantages, industrial advantages and farmers' money bags.
Potato is a traditional dominant crop in Liangshan, which has been planted for more than 400 years. The development of potatoes in Liangshan Prefecture has unique natural resources and unique three-dimensional climate conditions, and potatoes can be planted all year round. In the second half of the year, mountainous areas, valley basins and Pingba areas have ecological conditions and good pollution-free environment very similar to the potato origin, and are known as one of the best potato planting areas in China.
1 geographical scope
Liangshan Prefecture is located in the northeast of Hengduan Mountains in southwest Sichuan Province, on the southeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between Sichuan Basin and the central plateau of Yunnan Province. Geographical location: east longitude10015'-10352', north latitude 26 03'-2918'. It is 370 kilometers long from north to south and 360 kilometers wide from east to west. Quanzhou covers an area of 60,400 square kilometers, accounting for 12.5% of Sichuan Province.
Liangshan potato protection covers 7 counties and cities in Liangshan/kloc-0, including 6 towns and 3,743 administrative villages, with a protection area of 200,000 hectares and an existing planting area of120,000 hectares, which has great potential for industrial development.
2 natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Liangshan Prefecture is located at the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northeast of Hengduan Mountains in southwest Sichuan Province. The landform in this area is complex and diverse, and it develops in layered landform. The landform is mainly mountainous, accounting for about 80% of the land area, followed by mountainous plains, and hills, alluvial plains, wide valleys and fault basins account for about 10%. The soil types in Liangshan Prefecture are mainly purple soil, red loam, yellow brown soil and brown soil, accounting for 80% of the total soil area. The soil structure is good, the soil layer is deep and loose, the air permeability is good, the soil is slightly acidic, the pH value is between 5.8 and 7.5, the nutrient content is high, the organic matter content is 1-4%, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is rich, and the available potassium is 60-.
(2) Hydrological situation: Liangshan Prefecture is rich in rainfall, with vertical and horizontal rivers and developed mountain water system. Except Anning Valley, most of them are mountain rivers. There are many rivers 100, and the basin area 100 is more than square kilometers. There are mainly Yalong River and other rivers 13, with a drainage area of 1000 square kilometers, of which Anning River is the largest river in Liangshan Prefecture, with a total length of 326 kilometers, flowing through 222 kilometers in the state and through Mianning, Xichang and Dechang counties.
(3) Climate: Liangshan Prefecture has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, rich light and heat resources, the same season of rain and heat, and superior agricultural climate conditions. The annual sunshine hours are 1227-2603 hours. Annual average temperature 10. 1- 19℃, annual accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃, and frost-free period of 202.9-346 days. The annual precipitation is 776 mm-1176 mm. The climate is mild all year round, with no heat in summer, no cold in winter, abundant sunshine and rain, and large temperature difference between day and night. Due to the special three-dimensional climate in Liangshan Prefecture, potatoes can be planted in different regions all year round, mainly in winter, spring and autumn. The altitude of Liangshan Prefecture1800 ~ 2 600 m is the most suitable area for potato planting in Da Chun.
(4) Human and historical conditions: Liangshan Prefecture is inhabited by Yi, Han, Tibetan, Hui, Miao, Mongolian, Lisu and other ethnic groups 14, with a total population of about 4.48 million and 3.88 million farmers, including more than 2.08 million Yi people, accounting for 46.5% of the total population. It is the largest Yi inhabited area in China. Potato has been planted in Liangshan for about 400 years, and it has a broad mass base. Potatoes are the result of careful selection and natural selection by local farmers. In the long-term potato planting practice, the working people have accumulated rich experience in planting and breeding. Potato is an indispensable crop for farmers' production, life and economic development in the second and semi-mountainous areas of Liangshan Prefecture. The daily life of Yi compatriots, weddings, funerals and the development of animal husbandry in mountainous areas are absolutely inseparable from potatoes. Liangshan potato planting scale is large, and it is a key potato producing area in Sichuan Province. Taking 2006 as an example, the planting area accounted for 14.33% and 20% of the province's total output, and the average output was 1460 kg, which was 4 10 kg higher than the province's average output and 39.05% higher than the national average output. In July, 2006, a field meeting on the development and production of potato industry in Sichuan Province was held in Zhaojue County and Butuo County of Liangshan Prefecture, which fully affirmed the demonstration role of two potato production sites of 10,000 mu in Zhaojue County and Butuo County. In June, 2008, 5438+065438+ 10, Sichuan potato industry development conference was held in Liangshan prefecture. At the meeting, Liangshan Prefecture Government made a typical speech. The leaders and participants were deeply impressed by the standardized production and management of Liangshan Potato Breeding Center, potato professional cooperative in Saladipo Township of Zhaojue County, potato virus-free seed potato net room of Zhaojue County Agricultural Bureau and Zhaojue Potato Starch Processing Factory of Haoji Group, and the potato industry in Liangshan Prefecture rose again. In 2008, the standardized potato production area in Da Chun of Quanzhou reached 76,000 hectares, accounting for more than 70% of the potato area in Da Chun. The yield of fresh potatoes in Da Chun increased from 65438 0.465438 0.08 kg per mu in 2004 to 65438 0.577 kg per mu in 2008, an increase of 65438 0.59 kg per mu. Liangshan Prefecture is currently building the largest seed potato and commercial potato production base in southwest China and the largest standardized production base of green food potato in China (654.38+ 10,000 hectares).
There are many potato growing counties in Liangshan Prefecture. Among 0/7 counties and cities in Quanzhou/KLOC-,there are 8 counties including Yanyuan, Butuo, Zhaojue, Yuexi, Xide, Jinyang, Meigu and Huidong, whose planting area exceeds 654.38+10,000 mu, which creates basic conditions for the comprehensive development and utilization of potato resources. After more than 30 years of variety breeding, the representative series of cold potato varieties (cold potato 14, cold potato 17, cold potato 97, cold potato 8, Sichuan cold potato 1, etc. ) has been gradually formed and widely planted in the local area, which is well received by the market. Products are sold to Chengdu, Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and other parts of the country. In 2008, the sales volume reached 654.38+250,000 tons, and some products were sold to Hongkong, Macau, Taiwan Province, Japan and South Korea.