The purpose of expository writing is to tell readers some knowledge about something or some aspect of something. The knowledge conveyed by the author is the explanatory point, that is, the central idea of ??the plain text. So how to grasp it? There are three main methods:

First, you can grasp the title of the article and clearly explain the point. As the saying goes, "The title is the eye of the article." The title of an expository article often reveals the center of the explanation. First look at the general title: "Wonderful Cloning", we can see that it is an introduction to the knowledge about the magical cloning technology, in order to reveal the secret of "cloning"; then look at the content, the full text uses four subtitles: What is cloning, The birth of cloned crucian carp Before and after, cloning the sheep "Dolly", cloning technology benefits mankind. As long as you browse the subtitles of the text, you will have a general understanding of the text content.

Secondly, you can grasp the structure of the article and summarize the points. Generally, expository essays tend to focus on one main issue or content, while some expository essays require us to summarize small explanatory points to form the explanatory points of the full text. For example, "Wonderful Cloning" uses a parallel structure to explain cloning from different aspects. In addition to the subtitles we mentioned earlier (or if there are no subtitles like some articles), we can also use the four-part Content structure boils it down. That is, the meaning, experiment, development and benefits of cloning.

In addition, you can grasp the order of explanations to clarify the explanation points. Things and events themselves have their own order, and people's understanding of things and events also has a certain order. Therefore, clarifying the order of the article will help clarify the center of the explanation. For example, this text mainly explains the facts, and it undoubtedly adopts a logical sequence: first write about the meaning of cloning, then write about cloning experiments, then write about the development of cloning, and finally write about the benefits of cloning to human beings and thoughts on cloning. The context of the writing is very clear, the explanations are advanced step by step, and the core of the article is clear at a glance.

Second reading analysis - detailed discussion of method points

If you want to explain things clearly and thoroughly, you cannot do without explanation methods. Therefore, when reading an expository text, you should grasp the main explanation methods and understand the connections and functions of various explanation methods, so that you can more accurately grasp the content of the explanation and the structure of the article. We might as well start from the following two aspects:

First, we can first extract the explanation method of each part from the full text. You might as well make a table to get a clear overview.

The second is to grasp the key paragraphs and analyze the specific explanation methods in detail. For example: In the section "What is cloning", the author uses three explanation methods to explain "cloning": examples, explanations and quotations. Give examples: List examples that are familiar to people in the plant and animal kingdoms to explain difficult scientific knowledge in a concise and easy-to-understand manner; Interpretation: Trace the origin of the word cloning and explain it; Quote: Introduce Sun Wukong from "Journey to the West" The story of plucking a handful of monkey hair to create a large group of monkeys vividly illustrates what "cloning" is all about, and makes science and technology interesting.

Third Reading Taste - Capturing Chewing Emotional Points

Like other literary styles, the explanatory text also "tells" the author's emotional attitude, and this is exactly what we understand the text to be. Indispensable. "Wonderful Cloning" is a popular science article written by biologist Tan Jiazhen. To study this text, you must not only understand the scientific and technological achievements of cloning, but also learn from it the spirit of scientists who are persevering and constantly climbing on the road of science. On this basis, you must also have a preliminary understanding of the "double-edged sword" of science. understanding.

In order to explain what "cloning" is, the author carefully organizes the materials and introduces "what is cloning", "the development of cloning technology", "the birth of Dolly the cloned sheep" and "how cloning technology benefits mankind" Clearly. However, the author is not limited to general knowledge introduction, but incorporates his own appreciation and serious thinking. Specifically, this article not only introduces us to the scientific knowledge of cloning, but also shows the "scientific spirit" including our country's scientists, and at the same time leads readers to comprehensively view the development of science and technology. When reading, we must find sentences from the text that express the rigorous, realistic, and persevering attitude and spirit of scientists and appreciate them.

Expository writing is an article style that uses explanation as the main expression to explain things, clarify matters and provide knowledge to people. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts.

Although expository writing is a type of writing that uses explanation as its main mode of expression, it cannot successfully introduce things to readers without the appropriate coordination of other modes of expression (such as narrative, discussion, description, etc.) , the task of explaining things; and from the perspective of learning to write expository essays, if you can accurately understand the important role of the comprehensive use of expressions in expository essays, and pay attention to the accurate use of narrative, argumentation and other methods to assist explanations, expository essays can be written vividly and vividly. Excellent literary talent. (Excerpted from "Comprehensive Use of Expressions in Expository Writing", Issue 3, 2000, of "Applied Writing" magazine)

Expository writing is very practical, including advertisements, instructions, summaries, tips, rules, regulations, Commentaries, science sketches, etc.

Expository texts generally introduce the shape, structure, category, relationship, and function of things, and explain the principles, meanings, characteristics, evolution, etc. of things.

Literary expository essays are expository essays that introduce scientific knowledge through literary and artistic forms.

Junior high school expository text reading skills Expository texts mainly test candidates’ ability to accurately obtain information from the text. The questions are mainly focused on accurate reading, accurate understanding, and accurate screening.

The procedure for solving the problem is as follows: "First read the original text to understand the general idea, then read the question stem and mark it, find the corresponding sentences in the range, and compare the options to see the differences."

First Read the original text and complete three tasks: (1) Understand the main idea of ??the article, that is, the object of explanation, the connection between the paragraphs, the author's opinions and related materials. (2) Number the paragraphs. (3) Mark important sentences and key words.

Secondly, it is very important to read the question stem and mark important words. For example, question 1 of the 1999 volume can be marked as follows: "The first natural paragraph of this article proposes a hypothesis. The incorrect understanding of this hypothesis is" 3 mark. The first is the location of the proposition point, the second is the content of the test questions, and the third is the criteria for choosing answers.

Third, finding out the scope and corresponding sentences of the answer is the substantive stage of answering the question. Generally speaking, the search interval for answers should be near the proposition point, such as the answer to question 1 in paragraph 1 or paragraph 2. Finding the corresponding sentence is even more important. It can be said that if you find the corresponding sentence, you have basically found the answer. Comparing the options to find the differences is the final step, i.e. completing the answer. For example, item B of Question 1 says: "Compared to humans, hibernating mammals have undergone changes in a wider range." The word "regulatory" is missing, which is inconsistent with the original intention of the article.

The expository text reading questions are all multiple-choice questions. There are three ways to choose the correct option: direct selection method, elimination method, and analogy method.

Direct selection method, that is, directly selecting the correct answer. This method is suitable for questions that are clear at a glance, and some answers can be determined by yourself at once. It also applies to "choose incorrect questions", such as selecting "an incorrect item" or "an item that does not conform to the meaning of the text."

The elimination method can be applied to all types of multiple-choice questions. It improves the accuracy of answers by eliminating options that do not meet the requirements of the question and revealing the correct answers. When using the elimination method, you must find the "first knowledge point", that is, the basis for the elimination of the options to be eliminated first. It must have two characteristics: one is the most accurate judgment, and the other is the most valuable. After determining this knowledge point, you can eliminate more Lots of options.

Analogy is applicable to some multiple-choice questions. Quickly eliminate certain options based on reasonable inferences, or extrapolate unknown situations based on known situations to quickly determine the answer.

1. Classification

1. From the perspective of the object of explanation: expository essays on things and expository essays on matters.

2. From the language characteristics of expository texts: plain expository texts and vivid expository texts.

2. The order of explanation

Time order, spatial order, logical order

The specific score of logical order: primary - secondary, cause - result, Phenomenon - essence, characteristics - purpose, general - individual, general - specific, whole - part.

Typical test questions: What order of explanation is used in this article? What does it do?

Standardized answer format: This article uses the explanation order of __________ to explain __________ to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled with the specific order of explanation, and the second blank should be filled with the specific name of the thing or the explanation.

If it is a matter-based explanatory text but cannot be expressed accurately, it can be expressed in vague language such as "matter" or "scientific matter". )

3. Explanation methods

1. Common explanation methods include: giving examples, classifying, defining, describing appearance, making explanations, making analogies, listing numbers, Column diagrams, citations.

2. The role of common explanation methods:

①. Give examples: explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing force.

②. Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things into categories to make the explanation more organized.

③. Compare: Compare __________ and __________ to highlight the characteristics/reasons of things.

④. Interpretation: Give a detailed explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation more understandable.

⑤. Metaphor: compare __________ to __________, thus vividly explaining the characteristics/reasons of things.

⑥. Copying the appearance: vividly describing the characteristics/facts of things to make the explanation more concrete and vivid.

⑦. Definition: Use concise and scientific language to reveal the object/scientific matter of explanation, so as to reveal the characteristics/matter of things more scientifically, more essentially, and more generally.

⑧. List numbers: Use specific data to explain the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨. Column charts: Use column charts to explain the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩. Quotation: There are several forms of citation:

A. Citing specific examples; (the function is the same as giving examples)

B. Quote specific data; (the function is the same as the number in the column)

C. Quote famous quotes, mottos, and proverbs; the function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D. Quote myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The quotation is at the beginning of the article and also plays a role in introducing the object of explanation.)

4. Language analysis of expository essay

1. Review the entire article When analyzing the language of an article, we generally talk about it from two perspectives: A. Accuracy; B. Vivid or concise.

A is the most common feature of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. When doing this kind of question that analyzes the language characteristics of the entire article, you must combine it with the specific content of the article. For example, you can choose one sentence as an example.

The normative answer format is as follows: This article fully reflects the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise and plain language. For example, the sentence "..." explains things accurately/vividly/concisely and plainly. There are many examples of the characteristics/reasons of "..." in articles like this.

2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words

The functions of articles/sentences are basically the same as above.

The function of words has the following test forms:

A. What is the function of adding dotted words? B. Can it be replaced with another word? C. Can the added words be deleted?

This kind of question often needs to be answered in combination with the characteristics of explaining the accuracy of the language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language). The second type of question also requires comparing the differences between the two in the answer. The third type of question also needs to add a statement such as "After deletion, it does not conform to the laws of people's understanding of objective things or does not conform to objective facts."

5. Analysis of expository writing methods

1. Combined with explanatory methods

The normative answer pattern is as follows:

This article mainly focuses on Use the explanation method of... to explain... (content: characteristics or principles of things), so as to explain... (function: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its function)

2. Combining rhetorical techniques to talk

The normative answer pattern is as follows:

This is a vivid expository essay that uses a large number of rhetorical techniques to explain... (content), making the explanation of the article Vivid image.

3. Talk in combination with expressions

Narration and description make the explanation more concrete and vivid; lyricism and discussion make the explanation more emotional. Then, analyze the writing method of expository essay from this perspective, and the standardized format of answering questions is as follows:

This article uses a variety of expression methods, in addition to explanation, there are also... (from "narration, description, explanation , discussion" selected according to the content), such as... (specific example), that is, the use of... (expression) to make the explanation more concrete and vivid/full of emotion.

6. The function of explanatory paragraphs

There are three angles to answer this question:

(1) The function of structure and content: leading to the following, connecting the previous and the following, Summarize the full text/previous text.

Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of introducing the object of explanation/explaining the matter.

(2) Talk in combination with explanation methods.

Through the explanation method of..., it explains... (characteristics or reasons of things), so as to explain... (function).

Guidelines from famous teachers

In the modern reading test of the high school entrance examination, expository writing is an important part. Judging from the high school examination papers in various places, the test points of the expository reading test are: 1. Recognize and grasp the object of explanation and summarize its characteristics; 2. The sequence of identification and judgment instructions; 3. Analyze the method of explanation and understand its role in the text; 4. Analyze the accuracy of expository language; 5. Understand the content of the explanation as a whole, and correctly screen and refine the information in the text; 6. Read graphics, identify tables, explain tables, or design tables based on article content; 7. Structurally analyze the functions of paragraphs and sentences in the text; 8. Connect the article and life practice to talk about your own insights, discoveries or creations.

To read expository texts well, you must first master the relevant common sense of expository text reading, such as types of expository texts (explanatory texts of things and explanatory texts of affairs), common explanatory orders (spatial order, temporal order, logical order), nine A common explanation method (giving examples, listing data, making analogies, classifying, making comparisons, defining, making explanations, describing situations, making diagrams) to explain the structural role of sentences in the text (summarizing, dividing, summary, transition, anaphora, etc.), the characteristics of expository language (the premise is that it is accurate, and there are two basic styles: plain and vivid), etc. Secondly, we must focus on the whole, accurately grasp the central sentence and key sentences of the paragraph, understand the relationship between the central sentence and the supporting sentence, explore the combination rules of the paragraph, and summarize the content of the paragraph. Finally, it is necessary to combine the content of the passage and use methods such as association, imagination, reasoning, and verification to carry out personalized expression.