Tianzhu White Yak is a geographical indication certification trademark. Tianzhu White Yak is an agricultural product with geographical indications.

White yak grows in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province. Because it is unique to Tianzhu, it is named "Tianzhu white yak". It grows in severe cold areas with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters and is a rare and precious local species in my country. , this seed storage is adapted to the ecological environment of high cold, hypoxic and atmospheric pressure areas. It can make full use of alpine pastures that are difficult to use for other domestic crops, and is a semi-wild and semi-living species. This meat is tender and delicious, has good palatability, has the remarkable characteristics of high protein and low fat, and is a pure natural health green food. (Wuwei)

Appearance characteristics

The skin is pink, mostly with spots of melanin. The coat on the whole body is white and dense. The hair on the forehead is very long, often covering the eyes, and the hair on the abdomen and lower limbs is the second longest. The bull has a larger head, wider forehead and curly forehead hair. The horns are thick and long. The nose is small. The neck is thick, the nails are significantly raised, and the dewlap is underdeveloped. The forequarters are well developed, the back and waist are low, and the topline is concave and pointed. The limbs are short, the hooves are small and dense, and the hoof shell is black. The cow's head is moderately sized and handsome, its forehead is narrow, its horns are slender, its neck is thin, its armor is slightly higher, its topline is straighter than that of a bull's, and its abdominal cavity is large but not saggy. The breasts are poorly developed, the breasts are small and short, and the breast veins are not obvious. The average weight of adult male and female cows is 264.1 kg and 189.7 kg respectively.

Production performance

It has a variety of economic uses and can produce wool, milk, meat and draft. The first estrus period for female yaks is 12 months, and the first mating ages for male and female yaks are 3 and 2 to 3 years old respectively. Tianzhu white cattle have an obvious and short seasonal estrus. The estrus season is during the period when the pasture conditions are the best. The estrus season is from June to November, with the peak period from July to September. The duration of estrus is usually 12 to 48 hours. . The average estrus rate of cows suitable for breeding is 51.46% (950/1846 cows), that is, nearly half of the cows suitable for breeding are not in estrus. The level of estrus rate is related to the body condition of the cow. Especially the cows with calves that calve in the current year generally have poor body condition during the estrus season because of the energy consumed by breastfeeding, so they do not go into estrus. The gestation period is 255 days. Calf birth weight: bull 12.7 kg, cow 10.9 kg.

Under grazing conditions, the lactation period of a cow is 105 to 120 days, the milk production is about 400 kilograms, and the milk fat rate is 5.0% to 8.2%. More than 2/3 of the milk is used to feed calves.

Shearing is usually done in mid-June, first fleece and then shearing. The shearing amounts of male, female and steer cattle were 3.6 kg, 1.2 kg and 1.7 kg respectively, the fleece amounts were 0.4 kg, 0.8 kg and 0.5 kg respectively, and the tail hair yields were 0.6 kg, 0.4 kg and 0.3 kg respectively. The quality of white cow hair is good, with unmedullary hair accounting for 75.77% and medullated hair accounting for only 8.31%. It is a well-known export product in my country.

The meat production performance of Tianzhu White Yak is good. According to measurements, the slaughtering rates of adult male, female and steers are 52%, 52% and 54.6% respectively, and the clean meat rates are 36.3% and 39.6 respectively. %, 41.4%, and the meat-to-bone ratios are 2.42:1, 3.7:1, and 4.07:1 respectively.

The future breeding direction of Tianzhu white yak is to continue to improve the milk and meat production performance, while paying attention to Its wool production and wool quality. Tianzhu white cattle have very little genetic polymorphism. According to reports by Men Zhengming and others, hb, A1b, Pa, and Tf of Tianzhu Bainiu show a high degree of homogeneity, that is, there is no polymorphism.

Regional Scope

The geographical scope of Tianzhu White Yak geographical indication registration is between 102°01′-103°40′ in east diameter and 36°30′-37°35′ in north latitude. , mainly distributed in Songshan Town, Xidatan Township, Huazangsi Town, Shimen Town, Zhuoxi Xiulong Township, Dachaigou Town, Tiantang Town, Tanshanling Town, Haxi Town, Qilian Township, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. There are 176 villages in 19 towns including Danma Township, Maozang Township, Dahonggou Township, Dongdatan Township, Duoshi Township, Saishisi Town, Anyuan Town, Sailalong Township and Dongping Township. It currently raises 45,000 Tianzhu white yaks.

Product quality characteristics

1. Tianzhu White Yak Meat 1.1 External sensory characteristics of Tianzhu White Yak Meat: Looking at the carcass after slaughter, the fresh meat muscles are shiny and deep. The red color is uniform, the fat is orange, that is, the color and smell are normal, the surface is slightly dry or has an air-dried film, and is not sticky to the hand. The incision is slightly moist but not sticky. The meat is tight and elastic, and the dents after acupressure should be restored immediately. It has no sour or stinky smell and has the natural flavor of fresh beef. The tendon is tight and elastic, the joint surface is flat and smooth, and the exudate is clear.

After boiling, the broth becomes transparent and clear, with fat gathering on the surface and a special aroma. Tianzhu white yaks graze in alpine grasslands, with no industrial pollution or pesticide pollution, and the environment is fresh. In addition, due to special climate and ecological conditions, strong solar radiation and large temperature differences between day and night, the pasture nutrition includes crude protein, crude fat, no nitrogen extract, The characteristics of high heat energy and low crude fiber make Tianzhu white yak meat a pollution-free "green game meat". 1.2 Intrinsic quality indicators of Tianzhu white yak meat: Tianzhu white yak meat has high myoglobin storage content, with an average of 12.5 grams. The protein content in meat is higher than other meats. Meat has a complete amino acid composition, with the highest lysine content. Fat is orange in color and is stored in large amounts under the skin and in the abdominal cavity. The insufficient fat layer in the muscles of Tianzhu White Yak may be related to year-round grazing, strong muscle activity or energy consumption. Fat is rich in carotene, with 19.1 mg of carotene per kilogram of fat, compared with only 7.2 mg in ordinary cattle. The calcium, phosphorus and iron in Tianzhu white yak meat are significantly higher than those of cattle, sheep and pork. It contains a variety of vitamins, mainly vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and nicotinic acid, among which vitamin A. Vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin are higher than other meats. Therefore, Tianzhu white yak meat is a unique "green" beef that is high in protein, low in fat, and rich in vitamins and minerals. 2. Tianzhu white yak hair and velvet. The total content of Tianzhu white yak hair is between 50.02% and 97.80%. The velvet content is very high. The coat is pure white and has strong dyeability. It is a unique raw material for the light textile industry. The average amount of skirt hair (including coarse hair) of adult male yaks of Tianzhu White Yak is 3.62 kg, with a maximum of 6 kg. The amount of velvet hair is 0.40 kg, and the amount of tail hair is 0.62 kg; the corresponding amounts for adult female yaks are 1.18, 0.75, and 0.35 kg; and the corresponding amounts for steered yaks are 1.69, 0.48, and 0.30 kg. The fineness of Tianzhu white yak cashmere is close to that of domestic cashmere, at 27.65 microns, which is thinner than other yak cashmere. The average fineness of Tianzhu white yak's coarse hair is 64 microns, with the thinnest on the back and thicker on the abdomen and arms; the average fineness of the villi is below 30 microns, with the thinnest on the abdomen and thicker on the back and arms; two types of hair The fineness is 39.56-45.72 microns. The average fineness of Tianzhu white yak cashmere after combing is about 18 microns, second only to cashmere and equivalent to the fineness of 70 wools. Therefore, Tianzhu white yak cashmere is relatively fine, which is one of its valuable characteristics. 3. Tianzhu White Yak Milk Tianzhu White Yak milk has high milk production and rich nutrition. The milk production in 150 days is about 400 kg/head, of which more than 2/3 is fed by calves. Milk composition (%) is: dry matter 16.91, fat 5.45, protein 5.24, lactose 5.41, ash 0.77. The thermal energy value is 3647.54 megajoules/kg, and the density (D20℃/4℃) is 1.0387. Among them, the contents of milk protein and lactose are significantly higher than those of Sichuan red yak, Kyrgyz yak and Nepalese yak. It is rich in calcium and phosphorus, and various amino acids are as high as 23.07%, which is basically in line with the proportion of essential amino acids for the human body. Moreover, the diameter of milk fat globules is only 4.13±1.31 microns, which is smaller than other yak milk fat globules. It is very easy to digest and absorb. It is a good nutritional supplement suitable for all ages. 4. Safety requirements: The environment of the production area of ??Tianzhu White Yak meets the "Environmental Quality Standard for Livestock and Poultry Farms NY/T388" and "Environmental Quality of the Production Area of ??Wuwei Pollution-free Agricultural Products, Livestock, Poultry and Aquatic Products-DB62/T945"; Tianzhu White Yak production management Strictly follow the "Wuwei City Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Agricultural Products - Yak DB62/T947-2002" standards; the drinking water for livestock and poultry reaches and maintains the "Drinking Water Quality for Livestock and Poultry - NY5027"; the feed and its use meet the standards of "Pollution-free Food Yak Feeding" Feed Usage Guidelines - NY5127-2002"; Veterinary drugs and their use meet the "Guidelines for the Use of Veterinary Drugs in Livestock and Poultry Feeding - NY5030-2006" and "Wuwei City's Guidelines for the Use of Veterinary Drugs in Livestock and Poultry Feeding of Pollution-free Agricultural Products - DB62/T954"; Tianzhu White Yak Disease Prevention and control comply with the "Veterinary Epidemic Prevention Code for Livestock and Poultry Breeding - NY5339-2006" and "Wuwei City Veterinary Epidemic Prevention Code for Pollution-free Agricultural Products, Livestock and Poultry Breeding - DB62/T953"; product quality reaches the "Wuwei City Pollution-free Agricultural Products, Livestock and Poultry Meat Quality DB62/942" requirements; the treatment of diseased carcasses of Tianzhu White Yak complies with the "Regulations on the Harmless Treatment of Diseased Livestock and Poultry Carcasses and Their Products - GB16548"; the transportation of Tianzhu White Yak breeding stock complies with the "Technical Specifications for the Quarantine of Breeding Livestock and Poultry Transportation - GB16567".