Bergamot is a plant that has both shape, color and fragrance. It blooms in summer. Its floral fragrance can make you think of health, and laughter can eliminate anxiety and relieve stress. At the same time, its fruit has very high medicinal value and has developed economic effects. Today we are going to introduce bergamot and its flower language.
Bergamot is also known as nine-claw wood, five-finger orange, and bergamot. It is an evergreen small tree or shrub of the Rutaceae family. Mainly produced in Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Among them, the Jinhua Buddha's Hand in Zhejiang is the most famous. It is known as the "fairy among fruits" and the most wonderful flower in the world. It is also known as the "Golden Buddha's Hand". The leaves of Bergamot are green and evergreen all year round. The fruit of Buddha's hand is golden in color, rich in aroma, and shaped like a strange hand. It is in various shapes and forms, which makes people feel interesting. Buddha's hand not only has high ornamental value, but also has precious medicinal value and economic value.
The flower language of bergamot
The flower language of bergamot is auspicious and lucky
Bergamot is favored by people at home and abroad, especially the red pine golden bergamot from Jinhua, Zhejiang. The township is the place where Wong Tai Sin attained enlightenment and became an immortal. Therefore, Chisong people call it "immortal fruit" to worship Wong Tai Sin. Today, friends and merchants from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Singapore and other places come here to visit and pay homage to the immortal. They all regard it as a treasure and bring fairy fruits as gifts to relatives and friends to show good luck and luck.
Morphological characteristics of Bergamot
Evergreen small tree or shrub. The leaves are alternate, oblong, slightly serrated on the edges; there are spines in the leaf axils. It blooms in the axils of branches and leaves in early summer in panicles with five petals, white at the top and purple-red at the base. The fruit matures in winter, is bright yellow, has a round base, and the upper part is split like a palm and becomes finger-shaped. The pulp is almost completely degraded and has a strong aroma. The old branches are gray-green, and the young branches are slightly purple-red, with short and hard thorns. The single leaves have alternate petioles with short petioles, 3 to 6 mm long, wingless leaves, and no joints; the leaves are leathery, oblong or obovate-oblong, 5 to 16 cm long, 2.5 to 7 cm wide, with blunt apex, sometimes slightly concave. The base is nearly round or wedge-shaped, with shallow wavy edges. The flowers are solitary, clustered or in racemes; the calyx is cup-shaped, with 5 shallow lobes, and the lobes are triangular; the petals are 5, white inside and purple outside; many stamens; ovary elliptical. Shape, narrow and pointed at the upper part.
The citrus fruit is oval or oblong, with the apex split like a fist or open like a fingertip. The number of splits represents the number of carpels. The surface is orange-yellow and rough, and the flesh is light yellow. Seeds are several, ovate, with pointed apex, sometimes incompletely developed. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit ripening period is from October to December.
Hejiang County, the main bergamot-producing area in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, has an annual average temperature of 18.2°C, a relative humidity of 82%, an annual precipitation of 1020mm, and about 1200 hours of sunshine throughout the year. Bergamot grows well. The yield is higher.
Growth environment of Bergamot
Bergamot is a tropical and subtropical plant. It likes a warm, humid and sunny environment. It is not tolerant to severe cold, frost and drought. It is tolerant to shade, barrenness and waterlogging. . It is suitable for cultivation in areas with sufficient rainfall and no freezing in winter. The optimal growth temperature is 22 to 24°C, the overwintering temperature is above 5°C, the annual precipitation is 1000 to 1200mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1200 to 1800 hours. It is suitable for growing in acidic loam, sandy loam or clay loam with deep, loose and fertile soil, rich in humus and well-drained soil.
In Gaoyao City and Deqing County, the main production areas of Guangdong Province, the annual average temperature is 22℃, the average temperature in January, the coldest month, is 13.2℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -1℃, and the hottest The average temperature in July is 28.6℃, the average annual precipitation is about 1600mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1815 hours. In well-drained, fertile rice fields, the soil is slightly acidic, growth is good, and yields are higher and more stable.
Distribution range of Bergamot
Bergamot is mostly planted in open areas of hilly plains with an altitude of 300-500m in Guangdong, while in Sichuan it is mostly planted in hilly areas with an altitude of 400-700m, especially in There are more hilly tops.
It is mostly cultivated in courtyards or orchards in southern provinces and regions of China. The peel and leaves contain aromatic oils, which have a strong fresh fruit fragrance, and are used as raw materials for flavoring; the fruits and flowers are both used for medicinal purposes.
Bergamot is a cultivated variety with a long history of cultivation in China. It is mainly produced in Zhaoqing, Gaoyao, Deqing, Yunfu, Sihui, Yunan and other places in Guangdong. It is called "Guang Buddha's Hand" and is an authentic product. Those produced in Sichuan are called Sichuan Bergamot. Those produced in Zhejiang are called "Golden Buddha's Hand". In addition, Guangxi, Anhui, Yunnan, Fujian and other provinces and regions also cultivate and produce it. Bergamot is best produced in Guangdong, with large fruits and the best quality. The processed product - Phnom Penh White Meat - enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. It is one of the top ten authentic medicinal materials in Guangdong.
The production base of Bergamot should be selected in an area suitable for growth, and at the same time pay attention to the geography of "authentic medicinal materials" and the concept of "origin". Ruguang Buddha's Hand is mainly distributed in Zhaoqing City, Yunfu City and other places.