The king of flowers - the queen of peonies - rose
The gentleman of flowers - the leader of orchids - plum blossom?
Winter Autumn Soul - beauty among chrysanthemums - azaleas?
Treasures among flowers - hibiscus in camellia - lotus?
Golden Autumn Beauty - Osmanthus fragrans
Extended information:
1. Peony (scientific name: Paeonia suffruticosa? Andr.) is a plant of the Paeoniaceae family and a perennial deciduous shrub. The stems are up to 2 meters tall; the branches are short and thick. The leaves are usually two-to-three compound leaves, and occasionally the leaf near the top of the branch has 3 leaflets; the terminal leaflet is broadly ovate, with a green surface and hairless surface, the back side is light green, sometimes with white powder, and the lateral leaflets are narrowly ovate or oblong. Oval, petiole 5-11 cm long, and rachis glabrous. The flowers are solitary on the top of the branches, with 5 bracts, oblong; 5 sepals, green, broadly ovate, 5 or double petals, rose, reddish purple, pink to white, usually highly variable, obovate, with irregular tips. Regularly wavy; anthers oblong, 4 mm long; disc leathery, cup-shaped, purple-red; carpels 5, sparse and more densely pubescent. The follicles are oblong and densely covered with yellowish-brown bristles. Flowering period is May; fruiting period is June.
The flowers are bright in color, fragrant, elegant and magnificent, and are known as the "King of Flowers". Among the cultivation types, it can be divided into hundreds of varieties mainly based on the color of the flowers. "There are many varieties of peonies, and there are many colors. Yellow, green, flesh red, deep red, and silver red are the top grades, especially yellow and green. The peonies are large and fragrant, so they are also known as the "national beauty and heavenly fragrance".
Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "The peony demon in front of the court has no character, and the hibiscus on the pond is pure and has little emotion." Only peonies are the true national color, and they move the capital when they bloom. ". In the late Qing Dynasty, peony was regarded as China's national flower. In May 1985, peony was rated as one of the top ten famous flowers in China. It is a unique woody and precious flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and more than 1,500 years of cultivation. Artificial cultivation history. It is widely cultivated in China and has been introduced all over the world. Peony is praised as the king of flowers, and there are many related cultural and painting works.
2. Rose flower (scientific name: Rosa chinensis). ?Jacq.): Known as the Queen of Flowers, also known as "Yueyuehong", it is an evergreen or semi-evergreen low shrub that blooms all year round, usually in red, or pink, and occasionally white and yellow. It can be used as an ornamental The plant can also be used as a medicinal plant, also known as rose. There are three natural varieties. The modern rose has various flower shapes, including single and double petals, as well as beautiful flower shapes such as high-centered curls. Its colors are bright and rich, and it not only has There are single colors such as red, pink, yellow, and white, as well as varieties with mixed colors and silver edges; most varieties are fragrant. There are many varieties of roses, with nearly 10,000 species in the world and more than 1,000 species in China.
The natural flowering period is from August to April of the following year. The flowers are large, diverging from the inside to the outside, and have a rich aroma. They can be widely used in horticultural cultivation and cut flowers. Rose has strong adaptability and is cold-resistant, whether planted on the ground or in pots. It is suitable for beautifying courtyards, decorating gardens, arranging flower beds, planting flower hedges and flower stands. Rose is easy to cultivate and can be used as cut flowers, bouquets and various flower baskets. Rose flowers can extract essence and can also be used as medicine. It has good anti-fungal and synergistic anti-drug-resistant fungal activity. Red cut flowers have become one of the must-have gifts for lovers and have become the theme of love poems.
China is one of the origins of rose flowers. Rose is beautiful, diverse in appearance, and blooms all year round. It is deeply loved by people. 52 cities in China have selected it as the city flower. In May 1985, the rose was rated as the fifth among the top ten famous flowers in China.
< p>3. Orchid (scientific name: Cymbidium? ssp.): epiphytic or terrestrial herb, with several to multiple leaves, usually born at the base of the pseudobulb or on the lower node, bi-row, ribbon-shaped or rarely oblanceolate to Narrowly oval, the base usually has a broad sheath surrounding the pseudobulb, with joints. The racemes have several or more flowers, and the colors are white, pure white, white-green, yellow-green, light yellow, light yellow-brown, and yellow. , red, green, purple? ?Orchids among traditional Chinese famous flowers only refer to several species of terrestrial orchids distributed in the genus Chinese Orchid, such as Chunlan, Huilan, Jianlan, Molan and Hanlan. etc., which is usually referred to as "Chinese orchid".
This type of orchid is very different from tropical orchids with large and colorful flowers. They do not have eye-catching colors, large flowers and leaves, but they have a simple, quiet, elegant and noble temperament, which is in line with the aesthetic standards of Eastern people. It has a cultivation history of more than a thousand years in China. ?
Chinese people have always regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and together with "plum blossoms, bamboos, and chrysanthemums", they are collectively known as the "Four Gentlemen". Usually, "Lan Zhang" is used to describe the beauty of poetry and prose, and "Lan Jiao" is used to describe the true friendship. Orchid is also used to express pure love, "the spirit is like an orchid and will never change, the heart is like an orchid and will never change", "if you find an orchid, you can repay your close friends, and you can give one to Xiaoxiang in your dreams". In May 1985, the orchid was rated as one of the top ten famous flowers in China.
4. Plum (scientific name: Armeniaca mume? Sieb.): small tree, sparse shrub, 4-10 meters high; bark light gray or greenish, smooth; branchlets green, smooth and hairless. The leaves are oval or elliptical, often with small sharp serrations on the edges, gray-green. The flowers are solitary or sometimes 2 are born in one bud, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, with a strong fragrance, opening before the leaves; the calyx is usually reddish-brown, but some varieties have green or green-purple calyx; the petals are obovate, white to pink color. The fruit is nearly spherical, 2-3 cm in diameter, yellow or green-white, pubescent, and sour in taste; the pulp and core are pasted together; the core is oval and slightly flattened on both sides. The flowering period is winter and spring, and the fruiting period is from May to June. 2n=16,24.
Plum is native to southern China and has a cultivation history of more than 3,000 years. There are many varieties for both ornamental and fruit trees. Many types are not only cultivated in the open field for viewing, but can also be grown as potted flowers and made into plum piles. The essence can be extracted from flowers, and the flowers, leaves, roots and seeds can be used as medicine. The fruit can be eaten, salted or processed, or smoked to make black plum medicine, which has the effects of relieving cough, diarrhea, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. Plum is also resistant to root nematodes and can be used as rootstock for stone fruit trees.
Plum blossoms are among the top ten famous flowers in China. Together with orchids, bamboos and chrysanthemums, they are listed as the "Four Gentlemen", and together with pine and bamboo, they are also known as the "Three Friends of Suihan". In traditional Chinese culture, plum blossom inspires people to work hard with its noble, strong and humble character. In the severe cold, plum blossoms bloom before hundreds of flowers, and spring is the only one in the world.
5. Chrysanthemum (Latin scientific name: Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.): In plant taxonomy, it is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae and Chrysanthemum genus. According to the cultivation form, it is divided into multi-headed chrysanthemum, solitary chrysanthemum, big orbuncle chrysanthemum, cliff chrysanthemum, art chrysanthemum, desk chrysanthemum and other cultivation types; according to the appearance of petals, it is divided into garden hug, retreat hug, reverse hug, random hug and exposed heart. Cultivation types such as Baobao and Feiwubao. Different types of chrysanthemums have various species names.
Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in China, one of the four gentlemen of flowers (prunus, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum). It is also one of the four major cut flowers (chrysanthemum, rose, carnation and gladiolus) in the world, ranking first in production. Because chrysanthemums have the character of being cold and proud of the snow, there is a famous saying by Tao Yuanming, "When you pick chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely." Chinese people have the custom of admiring chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine during the Double Ninth Festival. Tang Dynasty Meng Haoran's "Crossing the Old Friend's Village": "On the Double Ninth Festival, I will come back to see chrysanthemums." In ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums have also been given the meaning of auspiciousness and longevity.
Chrysanthemum is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated through long-term artificial selection. Around the eighth century AD, the ornamental chrysanthemum was introduced to Japan from China. Dutch merchants introduced Chinese chrysanthemums to Europe at the end of the 17th century, to France in the 18th century, and to North America in the mid-19th century. Since then, Chinese chrysanthemums have spread all over the world.
6. Rhododendron (scientific name: Rhododendron simsii?Planch.): Also known as azalea and mountain pomegranate, it is an evergreen or ordinary green shrub. According to legend, there was a cuckoo bird in ancient times that whined day and night and coughed up blood, dyeing the flowers all over the mountain red, hence its name. Rhododendrons generally bloom in spring, with 2-6 flowers in each cluster. The corolla is funnel-shaped, with red, light red, apricot red, snow-green, white, etc., and the colors are luxuriant and gorgeous. It grows in mountainous sparse shrubs or pine forests at an altitude of 500-1200 (-2500) meters. It is a typical acidic soil indicator plant in central and southwestern China.
The whole plant of this species is used for medicinal purposes: it can promote qi, activate blood circulation, replenish deficiency, and treat internal injury cough, kidney deficiency, deafness, irregular menstruation, rheumatism and other diseases. Because of its bright red corolla, it is a famous flower plant with high ornamental value and is cultivated in parks around the world. In China, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Guizhou have azalea as their provincial flower, and there are as many as seven or eight cities such as Changsha, Wuxi, Jiujiang, Zhenjiang, Dali, Jiaxing, and Ganzhou that have designated it as their city flower.
In May 1985, azalea was rated as the sixth of China's top ten famous flowers.
7. Camellia (scientific name: Camellia japonica?L.): a shrub or small tree, 9 meters high, with hairless twigs. The leaves are leathery, oval, slightly pointed at the apex, broad wedge-shaped at the base, dark green above, shiny when dry, hairless, and light green below. The flowers are terminal, red, and sessile; there are about 10 bracts and sepals, 6-7 petals, and the outer 2 are nearly round. The capsule is spherical, 2.5-3 cm in diameter, with 2-3 chambers, each chamber has 1-2 seeds, 3 split pods, and the fruit pod is thick and woody. The flowering period is from January to April.
Camellia is native to China. Likes warm, humid and semi-shady environment. Afraid of high temperatures and avoid the scorching sun. There are wild species in Sichuan, Taiwan, Shandong, Jiangxi and other places in China. Widely cultivated in various places, camellia flowers come in a wide variety of colors. Most of the flowers are red or light red, some are white, and most of them are double. In the red camellia group, it is one of the few representatives with a bald ovary for viewing. Its flowers have hemostatic effects and its seeds are used for industrial purposes.
8. Lotus flower (Lotus flower) belongs to the order Proteaceae and the family Nelumbinaceae. It is the general name for two plants of the genus Lotus. Also known as lotus, water hibiscus, etc. It is a perennial aquatic herbaceous flower of the genus Lotus. The underground stems are long and thick, with long nodes and round leaf shields. The flowering period is from June to September. They are solitary on the top of the pedicel. The petals are numerous and embedded in the receptacle. They are red, pink, white, purple and other colors, or have colorful patterns and borders. The nuts are oval and the seeds are oval.
There are many types of lotus, divided into two categories: ornamental and edible. It is native to tropical and temperate regions of Asia and has been cultivated in China as early as the Zhou Dynasty. The whole body of the lotus flower is full of treasures. The lotus root and lotus seeds can be eaten. The lotus seeds, rhizomes, lotus nodes, lotus leaves, flowers and seed germs can all be used as medicine. His character of being able to emerge from the mud without being stained has always been praised by the world. "The lotus leaves touching the sky are infinitely green, and the lotus flowers reflecting the sun are uniquely red" is a true portrayal of the beauty of the lotus. The noble character of the lotus, which is "straight in the middle and straight to the outside, neither creeping nor branching, coming out of the mud but not stained, washing the clear ripples without being evil", has always been one of the themes of poetry and painting by poets and writers throughout the ages.
In May 1985, the lotus was rated as one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Lotus is the national flower of India and Vietnam.
9. Osmanthus is the customary name for many trees of the genus Oleacea in China. The representative species is Osmanthus fragrans (scientific name: Osmanthus fragrans? (Thunb.) Lour.): also known as rock osmanthus, it is an evergreen shrub or shrub of the family Oleaceae. Small tree with hard texture and thin skin. The leaves are oblong and pointed at the ends. They are opposite and will not wither through the winter. Between the leaves of peanuts, the corolla has four split petals and is small in shape. There are many horticultural varieties, the most representative of which are golden osmanthus, silver osmanthus, red osmanthus, laurel, etc.
Osmanthus is one of the top ten famous traditional flowers in China. It is an excellent garden tree species that is both ornamental and practical, integrating greening, beautification and fragrance. Absolutely. Especially in the mid-autumn season, the osmanthus trees are in full bloom, and when the night is quiet, drinking wine to enjoy the osmanthus flowers will make you feel refreshed and refreshing. Among ancient Chinese poems about flowers, there are also a considerable number of poems about osmanthus. It has been deeply loved by the Chinese people since ancient times and is regarded as a traditional famous flower.
Osmanthus tea made from osmanthus is a specialty tea in China. It has a soft aroma and delicious taste and is loved by the public. Osmanthus fragrans is widely used in garden construction.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Peony