The logistics management model of transportation companies is divided into two categories according to the source of the resources they utilize: a business model based on internal expansion and a business model based on external alliances. This article analyzes and summarizes the characteristics and scope of application of various modes of logistics management by transportation companies, as a reference for transportation companies to develop logistics.
1. Business model based on internal expansion
Internal expansion is a business model in which enterprises use internal resources to develop logistics. There are two main models.
1. Vertical integration business model
Vertical micro-integration is the process of integrating adjacent production stages or enterprises that reflect the input-output relationship, also known as vertical integration. , is actually a diversified operation that expands related functions of the main transportation business. In general, the vertical integration model of transportation companies is an effective way to expand their logistics functions, enabling companies to achieve full-process customer service. However, developing this model also requires transportation companies to invest considerable human, material and financial resources, so it is relatively complex. It is suitable for application in large and medium-sized transportation companies. Smaller-scale transportation companies or transportation agencies can also develop incomplete vertical integration models based on their own strengths
2. Logistics center model
The logistics center model is an attracting and radiating business model that integrates multiple logistics functions. The logistics center not only gathers various logistics elements including warehousing, distribution, packaging and other links to attract the entry and exit of goods, but also strengthens the The connection between buyers, sellers, suppliers, etc. and transportation companies enables transportation companies to fully integrate into the overall supply chain. Large port terminal enterprises have the ability to build logistics centers and are especially suitable for developing the logistics center model.
2. A business model dominated by external alliances
In addition to using their own internal resources to develop logistics, transportation companies can also make use of all controllable, available and useful resources outside the company. There are four main models to develop logistics using all resources in collaborative relationships and competitive relationships: supply chain cooperation model, supplier/distributor cooperation model, virtual business model and franchise chain business model. Here we mainly introduce two of the modes.
1. Supply chain cooperation model
The supply chain cooperation of logistics operations in the transportation industry discussed in this article is mainly manifested in the fact that transportation companies leapfrog or replace the positions of suppliers and distributors and directly interact with suppliers. A long-term and stable strategic cooperation between core enterprises in the chain. Transportation companies face certain difficulties in fully realizing the supply chain cooperation model: (1) The selection and selection of partners require the formation of a long-term, stable cooperative relationship. The evaluation of transportation companies by production companies is quite harsh, in addition to considering foreseeable economic issues. In addition, we must also consider issues such as whether long-term strategic aspects are consistent, which is a great challenge for transportation companies; (2) Communication and trust issues. Although the concept requires close communication and mutual trust between partners, in fact, the lack of information Asymmetry will always occur, and the reliability of trust directly affects the quality of cooperation; (3) It is not easy for transportation companies to obtain business permissions related to supply and tin plating. In addition, if the cooperative relationship breaks down, the short-term benefit losses of all parties will be considerable, and the revenue of transportation companies will drop sharply due to the loss of long-term stable supply of goods.
Based on the above analysis, although the supply chain cooperation model is an ideal logistics operation model for transportation companies, the implementation of the model is difficult and only larger comprehensive transportation companies have it. Development basis.
2. Supplier/distributor cooperation model
Supplier/distributor cooperation is similar to supply chain cooperation, which refers to the realization of * A long-term and stable cooperation method formed by achieving the same logistics goals and improving the overall logistics competitiveness. When a transportation company expands its logistics business to its upstream and downstream, it cooperates with suppliers/distributors, and there is an obvious supply and demand relationship between the two parties. That is, the supplier/distributor provides stable supply guarantee and relevant supply information for the transportation company, and obtains Personalized logistics services provided by transportation companies. However, driven by the development of logistics, a competitive relationship has formed between transportation companies, suppliers, and distributors.
The real owner of the goods is the manufacturer or customer. In sales logistics, manufacturers have two options; they can outsource all logistics services such as distribution, packaging, and distribution to distributors, or they can outsource distribution-related logistics services. Transportation companies outsource sales-related logistics services to distributors, and the same applies to supply logistics. Therefore, a cross-industry competitive relationship is formed between transportation companies and distribution companies.