However, looking at Li Qingzhao's life, it was different because of the Jingkang Rebellion. Before the Jing-Kang Rebellion, the influence of official rank and political activities made Li Qingzhao broaden her horizons and have a noble temperament. The literary creation of his father, Li Gefei, was highly respected by people at that time. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Han Juan quoted others as saying: "Li Gefei's essay is only one person since Taishigong (Sima Qian)." Although it is a compliment, it can show that the Song people highly admire his articles. The evaluation of Li Gefei's Biography of the History of Song Dynasty is relatively plain, saying: "Ge Fei has painstakingly worked on the lyrics, and the tomb is straight ahead. There is no difficulty, and his brushwork is quite sluggish." Li Qingzhao's mother, Wang, also comes from a famous family and has a high literary accomplishment. The Biography of Song Shi Li Gefei called her "also good at writing". The family and academic origins of both parents laid a profound cultural foundation for Li Qingzhao. Fortunately, at that time, such an official family did not have a high degree of closed shackles on women's education like the general feudal family. Li Qingzhao didn't get to know the characters as usual, became proficient in needle embroidery, and then waited to get married. She has enjoyed all her father's books, and the juice of culture has made her not only beautiful outside, but also beautiful inside. She has mastered the rhythm of poetry as freely as fighting grass and swinging. For example, her early lyrics:
"A touch of crimson lips" kicked off the swing and got up to adjust her slim hands. Beside her, the thin de hung with crystal dew, her ch perspiration permeated with a thin silk gown. Suddenly, a guest, she was so desperate that she did not wear shoes, only wearing socks to walk away, even the head of the gold pin down. She ran away shyly, leaning back on the door, and smelling the scent of the flowers of green plums. (socks, no shoes. )
It depicts a completely innocent girl with beautiful hair, beautiful face, seed of love. Li Qingzhao's girlhood was almost spent in such a pure, clear and poetic day, full of sunshine and laughter. Especially that song:
"Like a Dream" always remembers the sunset in the Xiting, and I don't know where to go when I am drunk. After returning to the boat in the evening, I strayed into the depths of lotus flowers, contended for crossing, contended for crossing, and started a pool of gulls and herons.
As written in the poem: Bridges and pavilions are flowing, and dusk is approaching. It is a very beautiful and pleasant scene to have a wine tasting with friends, and go home happily, straying into the depths of lotus flowers and starting gulls to fly. "Drinking, having fun, and fighting for the ferry" is a true reflection of her carefree, healthy body and mind and lively personality. This was extremely incredible in the feudal society at that time. It was the relaxed family education environment of Li Gefei and his wife that formed Li Qingzhao's willful and straightforward character.
love is the most beautiful chapter in life. It is full of anxiety of expectation, sparks of collision, warmth of people, and sadness of failure. It can play the most complex and shocking symphony. When Li Qingzhao was loaded with all the happiness that a girl in a boudoir could get and fell in love, her beautiful life was by going up one flight of stairs, which left us a nearly perfect classic love story. God has given her too much care, and her love is gorgeous and noble, happy and gentle, without any regret or sadness. Unlike Romeo and Juliet in the west, they are always reminded of heartbreaking tragedies; Unlike the "Liang Zhu" in our country, only the thousand-year pain of "going to the grave" and the beautiful vision of "become a butterfly" remain. When she was nineteen, she married Zhao Mingcheng. They were congenial and lived in harmony. * * * They collected stone antiques and collated inscriptions, and read books for entertainment. Husband and wife's poems are rewarded, and you sing me and you can be called a fairy couple. In the feudal era, when free love was not allowed, they had to rely on the words of matchmakers and the wishes of their parents. It was a godsend that they could have such a love ending, which was one in a hundred. However, perhaps it is the envy of heaven that is perfect. Behind the happiness, God has laid a foreshadowing for her future destiny.
After the Jingkang Rebellion, Li Qingzhao's happiness was shattered, and various blows followed. The Song Dynasty experienced 167 years of peace and prosperity in the style of "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", and the rulers were already a little drowsy, intoxicated with the superficial peace and prosperity, and lacked due vigilance and preparation for the rapid rise and strength of the nomadic people in the north. The Jin people smashed the Qionglou Jade Garden in the capital city Bianjing (Kaifeng) with one hammer, and also took away the Hui and Qin emperors. In 1127, the Zhao and Song Dynasties fled to the south in a hurry, which started a page of national humiliation in the history of China. Li Qingzhao's love nest in Qingzhou, Shandong Province also fell apart, and the family began to lead a wandering life. It never rains but it pours. In the second year, Zhao Mingcheng died of acute illness. People can't live without love, and a woman like a flower can't live without the spring of love, not to mention that Li Qingzhao is an emotional poetess. Just as her art tree thrived under the watering of love, God cut her off mercilessly. Li Qingzhao is a person who knows how to love and has been deeply cared for by the God of Love. Like a beautiful fish in a spring in Ming Che, she was trapped in a dry river bed. Strong frustration and contrast can make a cone heart crack with pain.
However, fate didn't let her go so easily, and even more cruel experiences were still waiting for her. After Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao had no fixed place to go, and her body and mind were haggard. I soon married a man named Zhang Ruzhou. History has different opinions about why Li Qingzhao remarried, but the hardship of living alone is probably the main reason. This Zhang Ruzhou was also a polite gentleman at first contact. Zhang took good care of her just after marriage, but he soon showed his true colors. It turned out that he wanted to possess the remaining cultural relics around Li Qingzhao. Li regards these things as his life, and "Jin Shi Lu" has not yet been compiled into a book. Of course, it can't be lost. In Zhang's view, since you are married to me, your body and everything you have belong to me and are at my disposal. What independent pursuit will you have? At first, they had a conflict over the right to control cultural relics, and gradually found that their aspirations and interests were very different. It was really strange bedfellows. Zhang Ruzhou was first proud of having such a beautiful woman, and then he became angry because he couldn't capture her heart and control her behavior. Finally, he completely tore off the veil of literati and punched each other. In front of the tent, under the red candle, Li Qingzhao looked at this small white face, which was really angry. Once, the sea was difficult for water, and I was noble and didn't bow my head. Li Qingzhao regards personality as more precious than life, so she decided to break up with him. But in feudal society, it's hard for women to get divorced. In desperation, Li Qingzhao embarked on a blind alley, and the larger foe broke through, and denounced Zhang Ruzhou's crime of deceiving the monarch. It turned out that Zhang Ruzhou was so proud after marrying Li Qingzhao that he boasted about cheating in the imperial examination. This is, of course, a big mistake. Li Qingzhao is a person with a clear distinction between love and hate. When she knew about it, she felt contempt for Zhang and sued him for a crime. However, according to the law of the Song Dynasty, if a woman sues her husband, she will go to jail for two years regardless of whether she wins or loses. Li Qingzhao is a person who can't make do with her emotional life. She would rather suffer from physical pain than spiritual slavery. Once she saw through each other's souls, she showed ruthless contempt and deep regret. In a letter to a friend, she said, "The night view of Sang Yu is a good match for the inferior materials." What a strong-willed person she is, she would rather go to prison than keep company with "stubborn" people. As a result of this lawsuit, Zhang Ruzhou was sent to Liuzhou, and Li Qingzhao was also imprisoned. As you can imagine, according to Li Qingzhao's noble and spotless personality, she held her head high in the lobby and denounced Zhang Ruzhou for freedom and happiness, which was just and awe-inspiring. Perhaps Li Qingzhao's reputation was too great. At that time, many people paid attention to this matter, and with the help of friends from the DPRK and China, Li was released after only nine days in prison. But it left a heavy scar in her heart.
Today, it is legal and reasonable for men and women to separate and combine, but in the Song Dynasty, a woman, especially a scholar, remarried and divorced, which would cause great discrimination from public opinion. At that time and afterwards, many historical records of Li Qingzhao affirmed her talent, and at the same time, all of them were recorded as "never ending the evening festival", "having no moral integrity" and "wandering in the evening festival without return". What is the festival? It means that no matter how good or bad, women have to follow this man, that is, you are not allowed to pursue individuality. It can be seen how much psychological pressure our poetess suffered at that time. But she was not afraid. She insisted on independent personality and high-quality love. She cut the gordian knot in two months, got rid of the "embarrassing" burden of Zhang Ruzhou, and devoted herself to the compilation of Jin Shilu. Now, when we read this historical material, I can't believe it happened in the Song Dynasty nearly a thousand years ago, but it looks like a new anti-feudal woman in the May 4th Movement.
life is only once for a person, so how many times does love have for a person? Probably the most beautiful and heart-wrenching thing is only once. Love is an extremely dangerous experiment in the boat of life, an experiment in which youth, talent, time and career are all gambled in. Only a few people succeed the first time. Like the lucky ones who won the lottery, they secretly rejoice in their luck and call it "fate". At the same time, he looked at the failure or semi-failure of the rest of the sentient beings with sympathy and compassion. Li Qingzhao originally belonged to this type, but if God wants to be famous, he must first seize his feelings and suffer his heart. So I kicked her out of this happy family. First, I let Zhao Mingcheng leave her, and then I sent a Zhang Ruzhou to test her mind. She sailed a lonely boat of life to meet the secular evil waves, and made a good fight with the courage to cross the rubicon. Originally, love failed once, and then succeeded again. There are many people who are even more beautiful, such as Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun. Li Qingzhao was also ready to climb Aifeng again, but unfortunately she didn't climb this mountain ridge. This is a tragedy, and the spark of love in a woman's heart is extinguished forever.
What is even more lamentable is her bleak night scene and loneliness beyond time and space. Li Qingzhao is not a narrow-minded person who is limited to personal gains and losses. In the long-term lost days, she has a blazing patriotic heart. In August, 1129, her husband Zhao Mingcheng had just died, and in September, the nomads from the south committed crimes. Li Qingzhao began to flee with heavy books and cultural relics. She basically followed the emperor's escape route, and the monarch is the representative of the country. But this poor and hateful emperor Zhao Gou didn't realize this. He didn't represent the country, but his own life. He fled from Jiankang, passing through Yuezhou, Mingzhou, Fenghua, Ninghai and Taizhou, and fled all the way, drifting to the sea and crossing the sea to Wenzhou. Li Qingzhao, a widowed woman, eagerly pursued the direction of the emperor's departure, hired a boat, asked for help, visited relatives and friends, and carried books and cultural relics collected by her and Zhao Mingcheng all her life, so she persisted so hard. Zhao Mingcheng was entrusted during her lifetime, and these cultural relics can't be lost without laying down her life. Moreover, The Records of the Stone has not yet been published, which is the spiritual sustenance of her life. She also had an idea that it was really difficult for her to preserve these cultural relics in the war, hoping to catch up with them and give them to the court, but she never caught up with the emperor. She wandered to Quzhou in November of that year and went to Yuezhou in March of the following year. During this period, she was deposited in two thousands of books in Hongzhou, and two thousand volumes of stone rubbings were burned out by the invading nomads from the south. When I went to Yuezhou, the five boxes of cultural relics I carried with me were stolen by thieves. In November 113, the emperor saw that there were too many people behind him to escape, so he simply ordered the dismissal of the officials. Li Qingzhao was even more disappointed when she watched the Dragon Flag Dragon Boat disappear into the vast sea. According to the concept of feudal society, the country is the land, the monarch and the people. Today, people occupy half of the country, the monarch makes people flee in panic, and the people are displaced everywhere. How can it not make people feel sad when the country breaks down and dies!
The pain of emotional life and the peril of the nation pushed her into a deep sea of suffering. She was like a lonely boat swaying helplessly in the wind and waves. But if only these two points, it is not the most painful, lonely and cold. Originally, it was inevitable for those who were divorced from each other in life; Loyal ministers are abandoned, but also from generation to generation. What's more, she is a weak woman and was born in troubled times? The problem is that it is so difficult for her to realize the value of an ordinary person in addition to suffering from national disasters and emotional worries. Li Qingzhao, who is in her twilight years, has no children, guarding a lonely small courtyard, and has no relatives around her. It is difficult to ask about state affairs, and family matters are afraid to be mentioned again. Only the autumn wind sweeps the yellow leaves in front of the door and occasionally one or two old friends visit. She has a friend named Sun, whose youngest daughter is ten years old and extremely intelligent. One day, when the child came to play, Li Qingzhao said to her, You should learn something. I am old and willing to teach what I have learned all my life. I don't want the child to blurt out, "It's not a woman's business to be talented." Li Qingzhao couldn't help but gasp. She felt dizzy and held the door frame to keep herself from falling. Children's words are unscrupulous. It turns out that talented women in this society are really redundant. However, she has always been extravagant about caring about state affairs, writing books, preaching and teaching. Her collection of cultural relics is overwhelming, and she is well-educated and eloquent in Beijing. In the end, she has no way to serve the country and has no support. Others see her as weird. Li Qingzhao felt as if she had fallen into an abyss that was irrelevant in all directions. No one in this world could read her heart, and a terrible loneliness beyond time and space came to her.
2. Emotional torment
After sorting out Li Qingzhao's different and unusual life experiences, and then looking at the changes of her ci style before and after the Jingkang Rebellion, I feel that everything is born of "emotion". Literature, in the final analysis, is the externalization of human inner world and the reflection of emotional experience. The fierce vicissitudes of life and ups and downs of life have had a great impact on Li Qingzhao's literary creation.
In the early days, Li Qingzhao's ci was mainly about the romance of girls' feelings. Judging from her noble birth and referring to the charm revealed in her later poems, she should be born a beauty blank. Almost as soon as Li Qingzhao became sensible, she began to accept the aesthetic training of China traditional culture. Good cultural edification and family education have cultivated her as a beautiful god, and the charm, reserve and shyness of a girl, and occasional tiredness and idleness are all integrated into the early beautiful and clear ci works. For example,
The embroidered face of "Huanxisha" is full of hibiscus, and the inclined flying duck is lined with fragrant cheeks. O, to be guessed. On the one hand, it is full of charm, and on the other hand, it is charming and hateful to send you a deep feeling. (Baoya, hairstyle. )
"Huanxisha" is bleak in spring and cold food days, and the jade stove is full of water and smoke, and the dream is back to the mountain pillow. Haiyan will fight grass in the future, Jiang Mei has passed the willow cotton, and the rain will be wet in the evening. (Shen Shui, Xiang Ming; Fighting grass, a game. )
The cup of "Huanxisha" is not rich in amber, so it should be melted before it is drunk, so it should be late to come to the wind. The brain is fragrant, the dream is broken, the cold gold bun is loose, and the time and space are red to the candlelight.
It is worth noting that she is an amiable and lovely innocent girl, but her vision and thoughts are beyond that of darling daughter, an ordinary official. Almost as soon as Li Qingzhao became sensible, she began to accept the aesthetic training of China traditional culture. Almost at the same time, she judged others and studied literary theory while creating. She will not only enjoy beauty, but also control it, and she will leap into a very beautiful place at once.