1. Men's watches

On July 9, 1955, the Shanghai Second Light Industry Bureau and the Shanghai Watch and Clock Industry Association established a watch trial production group with 58 participants. The trial production units and personnel The parts were manufactured separately. Daguangming Clock Factory engineer Qu Yuande developed the small steel horse, and China Clock Factory engineer Ruan Shunfa was responsible for the trial production of the main plywood. On September 26 of that year, more than 150 scattered and processed parts were all gathered in Shenchang Watch Shop, and 18 long three-hand (17 diamonds) fine horse and waterproof watches were finally assembled, becoming the first batch of domestically produced watches. Fine horse watch. In April 1956, the trial production of watches was concentrated on Jiangyin Road (formerly the warehouse of Qixin Clockwork Factory). The number of trial production personnel gradually increased to 150 people, and there were 50 simple equipments. Assembly, testing and inspection were carried out in a room made of soundproof panels. It was carried out in a "sealed" small room, using umbrella ribs, embroidery needles, bicycle wire and other materials as materials, and the second batch of 100 fine horse watches was developed in September of that year. The trademarks are Dongfanghong and Heping. However, the parts were developed according to actual samples with varying degrees of accuracy. Only 12 genuine watches were assembled, 58 were defective, and 30 were scrap. The daily time error was 120 seconds. In April 1957, the trial production team spent more than four months formulating 1,070 processes and drawing more than 150 parts drawings for the production and processing technology, becoming the first set of process documents for watch production developed by my country. Starting from July 1957, trial production was carried out according to the drawings, and 14 batches of 3,076 watches were trial-produced.

In 1958, the A581 mechanical watch was officially put into production at the Shanghai Watch Factory. The registered trademark was Shanghai brand. 13,600 watches were produced that year.

In February 1962, the Shanghai Watch Factory designed the A623A mechanical calendar watch. From this year on, Premier Zhou Enlai has been wearing this kind of watch. It was not until his body was cremated after his death that people took the watch off his hand and it was collected by the Chinese People's Revolution Museum.

By 1965, Shanghai Watch Factory had designed and developed the 591 mechanical automatic watch, the 611, 631, and 657 mechanical medium-sized men's watches, and the A641 24-jewel high-end mechanical men's watch. The SSIA watch has been modified to increase the running time from 40 hours to 45 hours. In 1968, the output exceeded 1 million for the first time, and in 1970 it increased to 2.28 million, doubling in two years. While accelerating the mass production of SSI products, the factory has also designed and developed SSI/1 mechanical medium-sized men's watches, SS4H type, SS4H-K type 19-jewel mechanical men's watches, SS4B type 19-jewel mechanical calendar men's watch, SS2C type 29-jewel mechanical men's watch. Diamond mechanical automatic men's watch, SS4C type 24 diamond mechanical automatic calendar men's watch, SS6P type mechanical automatic calendar men's watch and SS2B type 29 diamond mechanical automatic calendar men's watch, etc. In 1972, the factory improved the SSI slow swing watch into the SSIK fast swing watch. The swing frequency increased from 18,000 times per hour to 21,600 times per hour, reducing the actual daily error from 45 seconds to 30 seconds, meeting the requirements issued by the Ministry of Light Industry. First level table level. From 1969 to 1973, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 2 and Shanghai Watch Factory No. 3 successively produced SSI Jiefang brand, Huguang brand, and Hiace brand mechanical watches.

In April 1969, my country’s first SMIA diamond brand mechanical watch using an off-center structure was launched at the Shanghai Stopwatch Factory.

In 1972, the first batch of unified movement ZSE mechanical watches named after the gem flower were successfully trial-produced at the Shanghai Watch Factory No. 2. The daily error in travel time accuracy did not exceed plus or minus 30 seconds, meeting the requirements issued by the Ministry of Light Industry. Table level. In January 1974, the ZSH type Shanghai brand unified movement mechanical men's watch was put into mass production at the Shanghai Watch Factory, and successively designed and developed the ZJH type mechanical medium-sized watch, the 19-jewel ZSH/1 type, the ZJSH type mechanical calendar men's watch, the 25-jewel type ZCSH type mechanical automatic men's watches form a product series.

In January 1982, in order to meet the different requirements of consumers in domestic and foreign markets, Shanghai Watch Industry Company organized the Shanghai Watch Factory, Shanghai Diamond Watch Factory, and Shanghai Watch Research Institute to jointly design a 25.6 mm thin watch. The thickness of the core is 3.75 mm (the thickness of the unified movement is 4.32 mm), and the daily error is plus or minus 25 seconds, filling the gap in domestic thin watches. In 1986, the Shanghai brand 25.6mm thin watch won the National Silver Award. By 1990, the Shanghai watch industry had produced a total of 67.02 million mechanical watches with unified movements and 3.37 million 25.6 mm thin watches.

2. Women's watches

In 1959, the Shanghai Watch Factory assembled the first batch of women's watches using the A581 mechanical men's watch movement. In 1965, the factory designed its own Shanghai brand mechanical women's watch, filling a domestic gap. In 1974, the SSA5 mechanical women's watch was designed, with a daily error of plus or minus 45 seconds and a watch diameter of 20.3 mm. In March 1970, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 3 switched to the production of 20.3 mm small women's watches, using the Shanghai brand trademark, and completed 54,000 pieces that year. In July of the following year, the factory designed the X3IB Shanghai brand mechanical calendar women's watch by itself.

In September 1984, Shanghai Watch Factory simultaneously developed the 19.4 mm NBSH stand-alone and calendar women's watches, expanding the variety of designs and colors. In October 1984, Shanghai Diamond Watch Factory designed the 19.4 mm SB5Z mechanical women's watch with the thinnest domestic movement.

As people’s lives continue to improve, the decorative requirements for women’s watches are also increasing. In May 1982, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 2 and Factory No. 3 developed the country's first 17.2 mm ESE gem flower watch with the smallest movement, as well as the S3-2, S3-2B Haida and Shanghai brand mechanical calendar women's watches. In 1990, 3,815,267 female watches were produced, accounting for 36.11% of the mechanical watches in the industry.

By 1990, the Shanghai watch industry had produced a total of 40.66 million mechanical women's watches. Electronic watches are generally divided into "four generations" internationally based on their structural form and the sequence of invention and development. The Shanghai watch industry has successively developed the first-generation balance spring electronic watch, the second-generation tuning fork electronic watch, the third-generation analog quartz electronic watch, and the fourth-generation digital display quartz electronic watch. After the first and second generations were successfully developed, they were replaced by third-generation electronic watches as technology progressed. Although the fourth-generation quartz electronic watches were popular in the early days, they were gradually phased out due to unpopularity among consumers and remained in the market for a long time. Only the third generation of electronic watches remains.

Shanghai Clock Components Factory was the first to develop third-generation electronic watches in China. In early 1972, the first prototype watch with electronic components and four AA batteries installed outside the movement was trial-produced. At the end of 1974, a 16-level frequency dividing circuit was developed. By 1984, Japan had developed and produced 4,177 pieces, and the registered trademark was Jinxing. In order to allow the factory to concentrate on the production of electronic watch components, in December of that year, the production of the third generation of Venus brand electronic watches was stopped.

In September 1977, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 2 began to develop the third generation electronic watch. The DSE3 third-generation electronic watch produced in 1983 has a movement diameter of 19.4 mm and a wheel row thickness of 2.56 mm, meeting the thin requirements. In 1987, the factory successfully developed the DBSE3 third-generation electronic watch with a single-chip calendar positioning device and obtained a patent application. In January 1987, with the assistance of Shanghai Clock Components Factory No. 2, the third generation DSE4 electronic watch was successfully developed. The factory's self-designed 12-edge all-black men's watches, black pearl fashion women's watches, and couples' watches have become very popular after they were launched. In 1989, the factory designed high-end K gold watches and never-wear cases, filling a gap in the country. By 1990, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 2 had produced a total of 3.539 million third-generation analog quartz electronic watches.

In September 1985, Shanghai Watch Factory designed its own 6×8 stand-alone calendar third-generation electronic watch. In 1987, 100,000 pieces were put on the market, and 1,011,500 pieces were completed the following year. It was the first in the industry to break through the 1 million annual output mark of third-generation electronic watches. While accelerating mass production, the factory is also stepping up development of new products. In October 1988, the DSH15 third-generation electronic watch was successfully developed, becoming the thinnest watch in the domestic third-generation analog quartz electronic watch series. In 1990, it won the third prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award. The factory developed the DSH14A third-generation electronic watch, focusing on the integration of movement design and appearance design, novel and elegant, and strong visual acuity. With the active cooperation of Shanghai Watch Components Factory, it was the first time in China to adopt the most advanced electronic watch with a diameter of 0.60×0.17×1.5 mm. The thin ruby ??bearing reaches the international advanced level of German DIN8326 watch standard.

In the 12 years from 1979 to 1990, the Shanghai watch industry produced a total of 12,231,885 electronic watches of various types. In 1990, the industry produced 3.4 million electronic watches of various types, accounting for 22.45% of Shanghai's total watch production and 33.5% of the country's total electronic watch production, ranking first in the country. In March 1959, Jinsheng Clock Factory successfully developed the Diamond brand mechanical stopwatch, with an index scale of 1/10 second.

By 1961, 20,325 were produced. Later, 10 series of varieties were developed with index scales of 1/100 second, 1/50 second, and 1/5 second. In 1964, the factory provided the Navy with MS1S and MS2S double-hand stopwatches for military timing instruments. In 1968, the factory was renamed Shanghai Stopwatch Factory and continued to develop 511-516 special stopwatches for national defense technology.

In 1980, Shanghai Stopwatch Factory developed a double-crown mechanical stopwatch to fill the domestic gap. Since then, the Diamond stopwatch has been used as a time command instrument for communication satellites launched by our country. By 1990, a total of 1,449,291 Diamond stopwatches had been produced. Starting in 1988, products were exported to Southeast Asia and entered the U.S. market in 1989. By 1990, Japan exported 245,535 pieces.

In December 1980, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 5 developed 10,000 Jinque brand quartz electronic stopwatches. Since 1983, Jinque stopwatch has been used as a timing tool in my country's Fifth National Games, the First Youth Games, and the Sixth National Games. In October 1986, the factory developed the JD-2 electronic stopwatch with multi-stage timing and memory functions. It was reviewed by the Chinese Athletics Association and approved for use in national competitions. In February 1990, the ID-3 electronic stopwatch developed by Shanghai Watch Factory No. 5 was successful. Tried by the head timing judge at the end of the Asian Games cycling race, its function, performance and timing accuracy have reached the advanced level of similar international products in the 1980s. In April 1958, my country's first Diamond brand mechanical watch was launched at Jinsheng Clock Factory (today's Diamond Watch Factory).

In November 1984, Shanghai Stopwatch Factory (formerly Daguangming Clock Factory) successively developed and produced diamond brand MG-1J mechanical watches, unified movement watches, and hollow mechanical watches. By 1990, a total of 69,140 pieces had been produced.

5. Taiwan clocks

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Meihuali Clock Factory began to produce Taiwan clocks, with an annual output of 88 pieces, and in the 13th year of the Republic of China, the number reached 636 pieces. A total of 6,163 pieces were produced in 12 years. In the 20th and 21st years of the Republic of China, Changming Electric Co., Ltd. and De'an Clock Manufacturing Factory successively produced Changming brand and Shuangwrigley table clocks.

In January of the 29th year of the Republic of China, China Clock Factory created the first 15-meter rooftop clock. In the 32nd year of the Republic of China, Changming Clock Factory launched the Sanliu brand 18-minute rooftop clock. In January of the following year, Chinese clock factory Ruan Shunfa developed a table clock with a travel time of 21 days, with the "Ruan style" logo engraved on the back plywood. In the 33rd year of the Republic of China, Ruan also designed and developed a high-end table clock that could play the music of "Westminster Abbey" on time. In the 1950s, China Clock Factory produced the Double Dragon vertical glass door clock, with two dragons circling up the pillars and a large pearl embedded in the middle, which was deeply loved by rural consumers. In 1960, the national unified movement was successfully designed, and all parts were produced according to the drawings, thus improving the processing accuracy of the parts and reducing the cumulative time error of the 15-day clock from 5 minutes to 3 minutes. In January 1964, the Chinese Clock Factory successfully developed a pendulum clock that continuously kept time for 31 days, with a daily error of only within 30 seconds. During the "Cultural Revolution", the traditional "dragon" and "phoenix" patterns of the Sanwu brand were criticized, production was affected, and product quality declined. In 1980, the China Clock Factory decorated the 840 aircraft-shaped table clock with boxwood carvings such as "Chang'e Flying to the Moon" and "The Goddess Scattering Flowers", and added carvings to the base of the clock case, which won the Outstanding Exhibit Award at the International Expo. The traditional Sanwu brand table clock won the National Silver Award. In 1982, the annual output of Sanwu brand table clocks reached 433,293 pieces, setting a record high in history. Later, due to the outdated style of traditional Sanwu brand table clocks and changes in consumer attitudes, they were no longer a must-have in the wedding room. Product sales turned from smooth to stagnant. In 1988, sales dropped to 68,000, which was only 1/1 of the previous year. 6. In January of the following year, sales dropped to 2,500. Only 51 were sold in 1990. At this point, all domestic sales of traditional Sanwu brand table clocks were stopped, and they were specialized in export business. In May of that year, the first batch of 14,300 table clocks of two new styles were exported to the United States, earning US$217,700 in foreign exchange. In July of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Jinsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. became the first enterprise in Shanghai to produce alarm clocks. At the beginning, the daily production was 30 to 40 pieces, with the diamond brand trademark, and they were mainly sold to Southeast Asia and other places.

In the 28th year of the Republic of China, Changming Clock Factory began to produce Changming brand single-bell alarm clocks. From 35 to 36 years of the Republic of China, Far East Clock Factory and Shimin Clock Factory produced Locomotive and Horseshoe alarm clocks respectively. By the eve of Shanghai's liberation, there were four alarm clock manufacturing factories with more than 200 employees and an annual output of 30,952 pieces.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, alarm clocks became a widely used timekeeping tool in rural areas, factories, the military and families, which led to the rapid development of alarm clock factory production. In 1952, the output reached 70,500. From 1952 to 1953, Hengdeli Clock Factory, Hengdali Clock Factory, Daguangming Clock Factory and Dongfang Clock Factory were newly opened. In 1956, the Shanghai Clock Factory, which originally produced table clocks, was merged into the Far East Clock Factory to produce alarm clocks. In 1957, the output of alarm clocks across the industry surged, exceeding the 1 million mark for the first time, and the annual output reached 1.2042 million.

In 1958, Daguangming Clock Factory mass-produced long three-hand backbell alarm clocks, with a daily output of 850 pieces. In September of that year, the Far East Clock Factory developed a long three-hand musical alarm clock that could play the tune of "Picking Tea and Flying Butterflies". Subsequently, the Shanghai Clock Factory designed the country's first long three-hand NI type unified movement alarm clock. In 1960, it produced 1.9105 million alarm clocks, accounting for 44.99% of the city's alarm clock output of 4.246 million alarm clocks that year. The NI-type unified movement alarm clock has a time error of plus or minus no more than 1 minute per day and night, and its quality has reached the international advanced level in the 1960s. In 1964, he designed and developed a small alarm clock with a 7-second soft pre-alarm, followed by a 13-second pleasant, crisp alarm, which is especially suitable for the elderly and patients. The childlike movable chicken body alarm clock is also the first of its kind created by the factory. The chicken body is printed on the paper clock surface, and it is equipped with a movable chicken head. The running movement drives the chicken head to peck once a second, creating a lifelike image. , deeply welcomed by domestic and foreign markets. Later, alarm clocks with double-action ping pong, panda, Mickey Mouse, acrobats, owl, goldfish and other images were developed, forming a series of movable products. In 1974, Shanghai Clock Factory pioneered the alarm clock that could display the calendar. In 1981, it launched an alarm clock that could display the calendar and weekly calendar at the same time, filling a gap in the domestic alarm clock industry. In 1988, this product won the National Silver Award.

In addition, the 8-day 15-jewel fine horse mechanical alarm clock, which is more sophisticated than the ordinary alarm clock movement, was first developed by the Daguangming Clock Factory in 1959. In 1964, the Beko Clock Factory developed an 8-day calendar alarm clock with 15 diamonds, and later developed a 1-day 15-diamond travel alarm clock. In 1965, Changming Clock Factory created a travel alarm clock with three diamonds per day. In 1979, Shanghai Clock Factory developed a fine horse alarm clock with a cumulative error of 4 minutes in seven days.

In the 41 years from 1949 to 1990, the Shanghai watch industry produced a total of 141.9767 million mechanical alarm clocks of various types, accounting for 78.85% of Shanghai's clock output. In the 19th year of the Republic of China, Shanghai Dahua Instrument Factory imported movements from the United States to assemble electric clocks. It was the earliest electric clock manufacturer in China.

In the 24th year of the Republic of China, Broadway Electric Company (later renamed China Standard Electric Clock Factory) produced standard brand electric clocks. The movement was ordered from Japan. Later, due to the August 13th War, the factory closed down. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, China's Yapuer Light Bulb Factory manufactured electric clocks and sold them to Southeast Asia, Australia and other places. In July of the 28th year of the Republic of China, Jinsheng Industrial Co., Ltd. produced diamond brand electric clocks, with a daily output of 20, most of which were sold abroad. In the 34th year of the Republic of China, the China Standard Electric Clock Factory, which resumed operations, successfully developed the first domestic electric clock of the Earth brand using domestic components. In 1956, the China Scientific Instrument Factory (formerly the China Standard Electric Clock Factory) was renamed the China Electric Clock Factory, with an annual production of 16,000 electric clocks, rising to 240,000 in 1960. In 1961, the state reduced the purchasing power of the group, electric clocks were unsaleable, and production dropped sharply. Later, due to the instability of the domestic power grid, the time was inaccurate. At that time, foreign quartz electronic clocks were on the rise, and the sales of electric clocks were in trouble. At the end of 1981, production of AC clocks was stopped because both domestic and foreign trade departments refused to place orders.

In the 38 years from 1952 to 1990, the Shanghai watch industry produced a total of 1,934,839 electric clocks of various types.

2. Semiconductor clocks

The development of domestic transistor and semiconductor tube clocks began in the mid-1960s. In early 1965, the Chinese Clock Factory successfully developed a semiconductor clock, filling a gap in the domestic watch industry. 3,000 were put on the market that year. After the start of the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, the factory's semiconductor clock production came to a standstill.

In November 1965, Shanghai No. 4 Clock Factory developed a transistor clock. In 1969, a single set (without alarm) of a balance-spring transistor clock was developed and produced. Since 1974, it has developed and produced Horseshoe brand clock-controlled radio clocks, two-band radio alarm clocks, JSN-1 AC and DC dual-use radio calendar alarm clocks, and B-841 portable radio alarm clocks.

From 1965 to 1990, the Shanghai watch industry produced a total of 8.615 million semiconductor and transistor clocks of various types.

3. Quartz electronic clock

The development of quartz electronic alarm clocks began in the late 1970s. In 1979, Shanghai No. 4 Clock Factory and Shanghai Watch and Clock Research Institute jointly developed the ZSZ analog quartz electronic alarm clock with a daily error of 10 seconds. And it also used its movement to further develop more than 40 designs and colors such as plug-in screen, vertical, and desktop alarm clocks.

In 1982, China Clock Factory completed the design of a decorative pendulum quartz clock and further developed it into a quartz clock with music time and chime engraving. Later, he developed a quartz travel alarm clock. The GD, GC and GB diamond brand quartz clock series developed by Shanghai Clock Factory in 1983 have multiple functions such as alarm, pendulum, twisting, music and time. In February 1984, Shanghai Electric Clock Factory successfully developed the GD-34 synchronous integral quartz pendulum clock of the Tang Dynasty, which reflected national characteristics and had a travel time accuracy of 15 seconds per day. The living steering wheel pointer type quartz electronic clock developed and produced by the factory integrates practicality and art. It uses mahogany as the steering wheel and the anchor as a marine component. The clock face is decorated with cloisonné for ancient sea ships, and its decorative parts are used to set the sails. , iron anchor stops noise, the design is novel and unique, and has obtained a national patent. In 1990, the multifaceted quartz clock was successfully developed. It uses three annular clock faces of a frustum and three sets of hour and minute hands to indicate time on multiple faces, and has practical and ornamental functions. It is the first of its kind in China, and its shape has obtained a national patent.

In the 1980s, the 12-inch large round quartz wall clock produced by the Shanghai Electric Clock Factory, the first domestic solar quartz clock and the analog world clock, as well as the Shanghai Electric Clock Factory and Shanghai Electronic Clock II were successfully developed and put into production. The factory develops and develops the 959 large turntable dual-calendar quartz clock that fills the domestic gap, various types of quartz wall clocks developed and produced by the China Clock Factory, and the QG9 type perpetual calendar type that can automatically turn over the year, month, day, day of the week, and time cycle functions developed by the Shanghai Clock Factory. Analog and digital hybrid type 5 wall clock.

In the 23 years from 1968 to 1990, the Shanghai watch industry produced a total of 13.6813 million electronic clocks of various types. It was first produced by Meihuali Factory. Seven units were produced in the 3rd year of the Republic of China, and a total of 24 units were produced in the 12th year of the Republic of China.

In 1959, China Clock Factory produced two exquisite luxury floor clocks for the Beijing Hall and Shanghai Hall of the Great Hall of the People. In December 1974, three more were refined for the Great Hall of the People. The numbers on the clock face were carved with ivory, and the main parts were gold-plated. The movement was self-winding, and the time was automatically sounded with music. The daily error was within 2 seconds. . In 1984, the China Clock Factory produced 1.3-meter-high, 1.8-meter E-type, modern universal 15-day floor clocks. The style was elegant and generous, and was very popular among consumers in Guangdong. By 1988, a total of 1,000 units had been produced. 1. Large tower clocks

The production of large tower clocks used in domestic stations, ports, and buildings began in the 7th year of the Republic of China (1918). Public School, Fengtian Crafts Bureau, and Shanghai Integrated Book Company built four 40- to 60-inch clocks. By the 14th year of the Republic of China, 336 units were manufactured for 104 units including Hangzhou Huhangyong Station, Zhejiang Xingwu General Office, Shanghai Telephone Bureau, and Beijing China Hotel. In 1959, the Doublecoal Clock Factory manufactured a large tower clock for the newly built Beijing Railway Station. In September 1968, it was replaced by a large tower clock manufactured by the China Clock Factory. The new tower clock has the functions of automatically controlling lighting and chimes, and playing music at regular intervals. . In December 1974, China Clock Factory officially formed the TA-type large tower clock product series. The diameter of the clock face is 2 to 6 meters. The tower clock is driven by the mother clock. The daily error is less than 1 second. The audible range of the bell sound reaches 5 square kilometers. , the tower bell structure has the characteristics of resistance to strong typhoons above level 12 and severe cold of minus 30 degrees. In 1975, China Clock Factory also successfully developed a six-circuit master clock for Tanzania railway stations and installed it at various stations along the Tanzania-Zambia Railway. In October 1978, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai during his lifetime, the factory designed and manufactured a large tower clock for the Beijing Telegraph Building, replacing the original imported tower clock. In 1985, Shanghai Clock Factory pioneered the GA-type tower clock, which has functions such as timing, starting, lighting, power-off, automatic time tracking, music chime, and bell chime. In 1987, the factory built tower clocks for Shanghai's new railway station. In 1988, a special tower clock was designed and manufactured for the first "World Television Festival" held in Shanghai, which could play the "TV Festival" anthem regularly.

2. Master and Child Clocks

In the early 1950s, the Doublecoat Clock Factory designed and manufactured electromagnetic energy storage master clocks and single-pulse control child clocks. In October 1968, there was an urgent market demand for master clocks, and the production of master clocks from the Doubleco clock factory was transferred to the China Clock Factory.

In early 1964, the mother-and-secondary clock designed by China Clock Factory for Beijing subway stations was put into trial use. In 1971, the factory cooperated with the Shanghai Radio No. 14 Factory to develop the SM-1 quartz master clock with a daily error of less than 2 seconds, which was installed on the "Long March", the first domestic passenger and cargo ship of 10,000 tons. After that, another batch was manufactured and installed on the passenger ships "Fengguang", "Fengyun", "Changshan", "Changjin" and "Changxiu". At the end of 1982, the Shanghai Electric Clock Factory developed 6 SM-10 quartz master clocks and installed them on 4 cargo ships built by the Shanghai Shipyard for the German Federal Republic of Germany. After testing by the Shanghai Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 60-day travel time error was only 1.5 seconds.

3. Timing switch clocks

In December 1956, Ruan Shunfa, a Chinese clock factory, created 505 automatic waterway switch clocks, all of which were installed on the Yangtze River route, thus changing the manual way of waterway lighthouses. The backward operation of burning out. Later, timer clocks replaced manual switching of street lights. In 1956, the Chung Hwa Electric Clock Factory designed and manufactured an AC accumulator clock, using a meter to reflect the hours of operation of the equipment, so that the machinery and equipment could be reliably maintained. In order to meet the needs of water conservancy and electric power departments for supporting time-of-use electricity meters and power measuring instruments, from 1981 to 1988, Shanghai Electric Clock Factory produced a total of 476,800 time switch clocks. In May 1987, the Shanghai Watch and Clock Research Institute independently designed and manufactured the CXZ-2A and CXZ-2B programmable time controllers, which used advanced microprocessing technology, small hardware quantity, low cost, and the function of telling time. The Diamond brand DXT2 type 5-minute dehydration timer was developed by the Shanghai Clock Factory in 1981. After it was put into production, it was used in the electric washing machines of Shanghai Washing Machine Factory (Darcissus Brand) and Shanghai Sanling Electrical Appliance Factory, replacing timers imported from Japan. In 1982, a 15-minute washing timer was developed. In March 1984, Shanghai Watch Factory No. 7 developed a series of Jinling brand timers from 1 minute to 180 minutes for Watson Electric Fan Factory.

4. Astronomical Clock

In 1957, the China Clock Factory cooperated with the Shanghai Observatory to develop two high-precision astronomical clocks and Cedar Clocks, which were operated in vacuum, constant temperature and shock-absorbing conditions. Under these conditions, the travel time accuracy reaches 0.001 seconds per day, providing Xujiahui Observatory with accurate time signals and filling a domestic gap. In October 1965, Shanghai Watch Strap Factory No. 1 and Shanghai Watch Factory jointly developed three quartz marine chronometers. In 1973, Shanghai Electric Clock Factory developed and produced hydrogen atomic clocks for the Shanghai Observatory, a supporting project of the "903" project (the time error is 30 years ± 1 second) - 42 time signal controllers. At the same time, 536 units were provided for military industry and scientific research systems.

5. Aviation clock

Shanghai Watch Factory developed the "301" aviation clock in March 1960. On October 16, 1964, my country's first atomic bomb exploded, and the "301" aviation clock accurately indicated the time of the explosion. In July 1967, the factory developed 250 sets of "307" timers for my country's aircraft manufacturing industry. In the 32 years to 1982, Shanghai Watch Factory successively produced "105" speedboat clocks, clock-type explosive fuses and mechanical safety devices, "317" timers, "017" pulse digitizers, etc., making contributions to the construction of the national defense industry.

In addition, the Shanghai watch industry has also developed and produced special clocks: car clocks, multi-functional sports clocks, defense scientific research clocks, earthquake measurement clocks, radio alarm clocks, etc.