Introduction to the Taj Mahal, the full name is "Taj Mahal". Famous buildings of the Mughal Empire. It is in the city of Agra in Uttar Pradesh, more than 200 kilometers away from New Delhi in present-day India, on the right side of the Yamuna River. The mausoleum built by Mughal King Shah Jehan for his deceased concubine Mumtaz. Construction began in 1630 AD and was completed in 1653. It consists of a palace, a bell tower, a minaret, a pool, etc., all built with pure white marble and inlaid with glass and agate, which is dazzling. It has extremely high artistic value. It is a representative work of Islamic architecture. In 1983, it was included in the World Heritage List according to cultural heritage selection criterion C (I). Report on designation as a heritage site: Report of the 7th Session of the World Heritage Committee. It is one of the "New Seven Wonders" announced in the early morning of July 8, 2007, Beijing time. The shape of the Taj Mahal, which is very familiar from countless photos, is used as a restaurant logo, a trademark for chutneys and condiments. In fact, it is used everywhere. When people see it, they immediately think of it as Indian. place. Still, few people who see the Taj Mahal are disappointed. You never tire of seeing the Taj Mahal, it still manages to amaze. It displays different characteristics at different times of the day and in different natural light. Although it is a mausoleum, it does not have the loneliness of ordinary mausoleums. Instead you feel that it seems to be floating between heaven and earth. Its harmonious symmetry, gardens and water reflections merge to create a miracle that has amazed countless visitors. An estimated 20,000 craftsmen were involved in the construction of the Taj Mahal, which took 22 years to complete. It is said that a Frenchman and a Venetian were involved in some of the work. No architect is recorded as having definitely participated in the construction of the tomb - which is appropriate for the structure, since its original intention was to remember only the people who were in the tomb. The Taj Mahal is made of marble transported from a quarry 322 kilometers away, but it is not the pure white building in some photos. Thousands of precious and semi-precious stones are inlaid on the marble surface, and the text on the tomb is made of black marble. Excellent craftsmanship can be seen in a carved marble fence. When the sun hits the fence, it casts changing shadows. There used to be a silver door with a gold railing inside and a large piece of cloth pierced with pearls covering the queen's cenotaph (which was located above the actual burial place). Thieves stole these precious things, and many people tried to dig out the gems embedded in the marble columns, but the majesty of the Taj Mahal still fascinated people. The Taj Mahal is located in a scenic area. The solemn and majestic doorway symbolizes the entrance to heaven, with a pavilion with an arched dome above it. There used to be a sterling silver door here, with hundreds of silver nails inlaid on it. These things have been looted and the door is now made of copper. There doesn’t seem to be much truth to the legend that Shah Jahan wanted to build himself an identical black marble mausoleum on the other side of the Jumna River. His son Aurangzeb proclaimed himself emperor in 1658 and kept his father under house arrest in a castle in Agra for nine years until his death. Shah Jahan could see the Taj Mahal from the castle. Later he was also buried in the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal represents the pinnacle of Mughal architectural achievement. This style of mausoleum is erected on a plinth and is surmounted by a minaret, and is treated with the same reverence as a mosque. This style of memorial tombs developed in northern India and subsequently disappeared. Construction of Houmain's mausoleum in Delhi started in 1564. It was the prototype of the Taj Mahal, solid and majestic rather than delicate and elegant. In the 1670s, Aurangzeb built a replica of the Taj Mahal for his wife in Ozgabad, but it did not have the charm and harmony of the Taj Mahal. Another mausoleum in Delhi, the Tomb of Saifuldarja, started in 1753, has been called "the last flash of Mohammad architecture". However, it is not a building that people try their best to see from the canal. These memorial mausoleums all have a standard pattern - a large onion-shaped vault, water channels, flowers divided into four parts. The builders of the Taj Mahal melted these things together to create an unparalleled building. The theft of precious treasures from the Taj Mahal was nothing compared to the conspiracy hatched by Sir William Bentinck, the Governor-General of Bengal. In the 1830s, he planned to demolish the Taj Mahal, which was neglected and overgrown at the time, and transport the marble to London for sale. The plan was abandoned only because no buyer could be found for the marbles removed from the Red Fort in Delhi. Later, Curzon, who became the Governor-General of India in 1900, restored the Taj Mahal.

There is no doubt that the Taj Mahal is an example of artistic perfection in the world. The building basically made of marble is flawless, and the Taj Mahal under the moonlight gives people a fairyland feeling. She not only expresses Shah Jahan's deep memory of his beloved wife, but is also a gift he gave to mankind. The Taj Mahal is a huge mausoleum-mosque built of white marble. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in Agra from 1631 to 1648 in memory of his beloved concubine. The Taj Mahal is the most perfect treasure of Indian Muslim art and one of the world heritage masterpieces that amazes the world. There is actually a sad and lingering history behind this seven architectural wonders of the world. Understanding its historical background can indeed increase the interest of viewing the Taj Mahal. In the 17th century, Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan used tens of thousands of workers to build a mausoleum decorated with precious stones in memory of his beloved concubine Mutazima. The meticulous patterns are amazing. The most eye-catching thing about the Taj Mahal is the main building made of pure white marble. The royal mausoleum is neatly symmetrical from top to bottom, left and right, and the central dome is 62 meters high, which is breathtaking. There are four minarets about 41 meters high around it, and between the towers stand tombstones inlaid with thirty-five different types of semi-precious stones. The cemetery covers an area of ??17 hectares and is a slightly elongated circle. It is surrounded by red sandstone walls. The entrance gate is also built with red stone. It is about two stories high. There are eleven typical white figures on the back of the top of the gate. Small conical tower. The door leads all the way to the burial chamber of King Shah Jahan and his wife. Their sarcophagi are placed in the center of the chamber, which is solemn and solemn. In front of the Taj Mahal is a clear waterway with fruit trees and cypress trees planted on both sides of the waterway, symbolizing life and death respectively. Taj Mahal International Year The Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the Yamuna River. It is said that it was a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor of the Mughal Dynasty in India, in memory of his deceased wife. Most historians believe that construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and took 22 years to complete. Thousands of craftsmen from all over India, Central Asia and even China dedicated their hard work and ingenuity to building this mausoleum, one of the seven wonders of the world. The year 2004 coincides with the 350th anniversary of the completion of the Taj Mahal. The Ministry of Tourism and local governments of India designated 2004 as the "International Year of the Taj Mahal". The out-of-print love of the Taj Mahal. No matter how magnificent a building is, if there is no story, its charm will be reduced by half. On the contrary, if there is a wonderful story, especially a love story, it will make it charming and even immortal. What is more attractive than the Taj Mahal itself is a love that can also be called a "miracle of the world": Built from 1632 to 1654, the Taj Mahal expresses a king's unparalleled and unforgettable commemoration of his beloved wife. In 1631 the wife of the Mughal emperor died in childbirth while giving birth to her fourteenth child. She was 36 years old and had been married for 18 years. To her husband Shah Jahan, she lost not only a beloved wife but also an astute adviser. He is said to have spent two years in mourning (his hair turned white with grief, according to another account). He vowed to commemorate his wife by building an unparalleled mausoleum worthy of her. No one can deny his success. Amimandar Bannu, or Mumtaz Mahal (the "Chosen Palace") is commemorated by a stunning structure bearing her initials: Taj Mahal. Because so many superlatives have been used to describe this building, most visitors approach it fearing they will be disappointed. In the 16th century AD, a beautiful woman named Taj married Shah Jahan, the Mughal Emperor of India, and gave birth to fourteen children for him. She shared the joys and sorrows of the emperor during the war, and also helped the emperor. He regained the throne, but unfortunately died in childbirth at the age of 36. Before she died, Taj made three wishes to the emperor: first, that the emperor treat his children well; second, that he should not remarry; third, that the emperor build her the most beautiful mausoleum that could match her appearance. The emperor was extremely sad and promised one by one. In addition to recruiting more than 20,000 Indian migrant workers every year, he also recruited famous designers and craftsmen from all over the world. It took 22 years to use pure white marble from northwest India, sapphire from Sri Lanka, moonstone from Iraq, coral from Arabia, and Persian Amethyst from Russia, malachite from Russia, jadeite from Tibet, China... Spending tens of millions of dollars, they finally created a wonder of the world. The infatuated emperor also planned to build a similar mausoleum for himself on the other side of the river from the Taj Mahal, using completely black marble to correspond to the completely white mausoleum of his beloved concubine, implying that the love between the two was pure and without any impurities. A bridge will be built on the river with black and white marble to connect the two pure black and white tombs.

However, the emperor's dream failed to come true. His three sons could not wait to seize the throne. Finally, his son Aurangzeb usurped the throne and seized power. He imprisoned the old man in a turret of Agra Fort and did not even let him see Thailand. Ji Ling. It is said that Shah Jahan could only gaze at the mausoleum several kilometers away through the refraction of a large crystal stone every night. Shah Jahan was imprisoned until his death seven years later. This type of ending is not unfamiliar. In history, there are many examples of fathers and sons killing each other and brothers fighting for the throne in the palace. Perhaps the princes were also aware of their father's infatuation with their mother. Although they ignored his last wish to build a "Love Bridge", they finally sent his body to Taj. There are currently two white marble sarcophagi inlaid with gems and flowers stored in the mausoleum. The smaller one is the coffin of Emperor Shah Jahan. Architectural Features The Taj Mahal occupies a large area and consists of a vestibule, a main entrance, a Mughal garden, the main body of the mausoleum and two mosques. There is a cylindrical tower at the four corners of the main hall of the mausoleum. The special thing is that each tower tilts outward at 12 degrees. If there is an earthquake, it will only fall in all directions without affecting the main hall. No matter from any angle, the pure white Taj Mahal is magnificent and perfectly shaped. Coupled with the reflection in the pool in front of the mausoleum, it is like two Taj Mahals reflecting each other. No wonder it is known as one of the seven wonders of the world. . The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor of the Mughal Dynasty, for his beloved wife Taj Mahal. It was built in 1631, using 20,000 craftsmen every day, and took 22 years to complete. The mausoleum is surrounded by red sandstone walls that are 576 meters long and 293 meters wide. The cemetery covers an area of ??170,000 square meters, with a cross-shaped pool in the middle and a fountain in the center. From the cemetery gate to the mausoleum, there is a long straight corridor paved with red stones. At the end of the corridor is the mausoleum made entirely of white marble. The mausoleum is built on a square marble base 7 meters high and 95 meters long, with the bedroom in the center and a 40-meter-high round tower on each side. The palace is 74 meters high, with a towering dome on the upper part and an octagonal mausoleum wall on the lower part. On the walls of the palace, jewels are inlaid with flowers and beautiful flowers, which are dazzling. The palace is divided into five palaces, and the central palace contains the marble sarcophagi of Taj and Shahja. On the east and west sides of the mausoleum stand two mosque wings of the same form, built of red sandstone. The artistic level of Taj Mahal architecture is very high, integrating the artistic characteristics of India, the Middle East and Persia. The whole building has a majestic and elegant shape, with simple and bright outlines. Because it is located in a cemetery with evergreen trees and lawns, between the blue sky and the lawns, the white and bright mausoleum looks more solemn, dignified and elegant. Mughal Garden This garden is a typical Persian garden, located in front of the main body, with a waterway fountain in the center, and two rows of side-by-side trees dividing the garden into four rectangles of the same size, because " The word 4" has the meaning of holiness and peace in Islam. The main building of the mausoleum is octagonal, with a hemispherical dome in the center. The entire main body is built of Shah Jahan's favorite white marble, and the white marble is studded with gems of various colors and patchwork. Create some beautiful patterns and patterns. During the construction, 18 wells were dug under the main body. Each well was built with a layer of stone and a layer of teak to stack up the foundation layers to reduce the damage of earthquakes to the main body. This shows Shah Jahan's love for the queen. . The interior of the mausoleum is illuminated only by sunlight penetrating from the outside. There are two empty sarcophagi inside the marble screen. The real resting place of Shah Jahan and the queen is in another underground crypt. There is a mosque on both sides of the main body of the mosque. It is built of red sandstone and has a typical white dome on the top. The main purpose of building these two mosques is to maintain the balance effect of the entire Taj Mahal building to achieve symmetry. beauty. Tourist information: Taj Mahal visiting hours: 6:00am-8:00pm, only open to local Muslims every Friday. Go see the Taj Mahal at different times in the morning and evening, and the scenery changes from time to time. Therefore, the Taj Mahal is probably the only attraction in the world with different ticket prices for morning, lunch and evening tours. 750 rupees/person for foreigners; 110 rupees/person for Indians from 6:00-7:00, 20 rupees/person from 7:00-17:00, and 110 rupees/person from 17:00-20:00. When going to the Taj Mahal in the summer, be prepared to “dance.” If you want to go up the steps when visiting the Taj Mahal, you must take off your shoes first to show respect, even for foreign dignitaries. In the warm sunny season of early winter, walking barefoot on the white marble is like walking in the clouds.

The weather is cool from November to early March of the following year, which is the best tourist season in India.

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