Yellow tea is a specialty tea in China with a long history of production. It became a tribute in the Tang Dynasty, but the real mass production developed after 1954.
Yellow tea belongs to light fermented tea, which is found in fried green tea. The production of yellow tea is similar to that of green tea, except for a boring process. Because of stuffy pile and tea fermentation, it belongs to fermented tea. Its name comes from the fact that the leaves turn yellow due to insufficient drying or untimely rolling, so it has the characteristics of yellow soup and yellow leaves. The representative yellow tea has the characteristics of yellow tea body, yellow soup color and sweet taste. Yellow tea has a long history, and many famous teas belong to this category.
Yellow tea is divided into "yellow bud tea" according to the old and tender raw materials: Junshan Yinzhen in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province, Mengding Yellow Bud in Mingshan County, Sichuan Province, and Huonei Bud in Huoshan, Anhui Province.
"Yellow Tea": Maojian Tea in Beigang, Yueyang, Hunan, Maojian Tea in Weishan, Ningxiang, Hunan, Tanghuang in Pingyang, Zhejiang, and Maojian Tea in Luyuan, Yuan 'an, Hubei.
"Huang Da Tea": Anhui Jinzhai, Lu 'an Huang Da Tea, Hubei Yingshan Huangda Tea, Guangdong Dayeqing Tea and Anhui Huoshan Huang Da Tea are all bud teas. Because of the excellent varieties of tea trees, the trees are strong and the branches are sparse, and the buds are fat and heavy.
Indeed, there are about 25,000 buds per catty of Yinzhen tea. Junshan Silver Needle is a famous tea in China with its unique style, low annual output and excellent quality. Its bud head is fat, firm and straight, the bud body is golden, covered with silver, the soup color is orange and bright, the aroma is pure, the taste is sweet and refreshing, and the leaf color is bright yellow. Junshan Silver Needle products are divided into special number, No.1 and No.2 according to the fatty degree of the bud head. When you brew Junshan Silver Needle in a clean and transparent glass, you can see that the initial bud tip is up, the pedicle hangs over the water, and then slowly descends, standing at the bottom of the cup, up and down, which can be interesting for up to three times. Therefore, Junshan Silver Needle is known as "Three Ups and Three Downs". Finally, it sank vertically into the bottom of the cup, like a sword and a gun, like a group of bamboo shoots that broke out of the ground. The tender buds were watery and seamless, green and green, and they were full of interest, and they have always been passed down as beautiful talks. Not to mention tasting its fragrance to satisfy your appetite, just watching it with your own eyes is fascinating and refreshing. According to the scientific principle of "those who are light float and those who are heavy sink", "three ups and three downs" are caused by the unsynchronized water absorption and weight gain of tea buds and the instantaneous change of the specific gravity of bud heads. Beigang Maojian Tea, named after the registered trademark "Beigang", belongs to yellow tea and is produced in Beigang, Yueyang City, Hunan Province.
Processing technology of Maojian tea: The fresh leaves of Beigang Maojian tea are generally picked in the garden after Tomb-Sweeping Day, and the raw materials of Maojian tea are required to be one bud and one leaf, and the second and third materials are one bud, two leaves and three leaves. Seize the sunny day and don't pick insect wounds, purple bud leaves, fish leaves and stems. The processing method of fresh leaves is divided into four processes: frying in pan, kneading in pan, sweating and drying.
The quality characteristics of Beigang Maojian tea are: golden appearance, exposed tips, plump tea strips, yellow soup color, high aroma, mellow taste, sweet and refreshing. Junshan Yin Hao, named after the registered trademark "Junshan", is a needle-like tea of yellow tea. Because of its bird feathers in Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called yellow feather and white crane feather. Because of the fine white hair in Qing Dynasty, it was called white hair tip. Produced in Junshan Island, Dongting Lake, Yueyang City, Hunan Province.
Processing technology of Yinzhen tea: fresh leaves are picked three or four days before Qingming every year, and spring tea is used.
The first single tea tip is made. It takes about 50,000 tea buds to make 1 kg Yinzhen tea. Its production process is exquisite and its appearance is not decorated. To keep the original state, we should only work hard from three aspects: color, fragrance and taste. After spreading, deactivating enzymes, initial packaging, re-drying, spreading and cooling, re-packaging, full fire and other processes, it lasted 72 hours. The production is characterized in that both enzyme fixation and baking are carried out at a lower temperature; Fixed action should be light and moderate to avoid breaking; Wrapped in mulberry paper when baking and fermenting for 60 hours. In recent years, "fixing green" was changed to "steaming green", which improved the upright rate of bud head in the cup. Junshan Silver Needle has unique charm, and its finished bud is thick, solid and tall, with white hair like feathers and golden and shiny bud body, which is known as "gold inlaid with jade". The essence is fragrant and tender, the soup is apricot and bright, the taste is sweet and refreshing, and the leaves are thick and even.
If you brew with glass, there will be a wonderful sight; When boiling water (to be boiled) is injected into the cup, the bud head begins to rush to the water surface. After a few minutes, the tea bud slowly sinks, gradually hangs down from the horizontal position, ups and downs, and reciprocates three times, which is called "three rises"; Bubbles occasionally stay at the bud tip, such as a beaded reputation beak; Finally, tea buds stand upright at the bottom of the cup, like flowers and bamboo shoots sprouting, with many knives and guns. The shape of tea and the exciting colors complement each other, and the tea is full of fragrance and the beautiful scenery is floating. Maojian tea is produced in Weishan Town, Shuiwei Mountain, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province.
The production process of Weishan Maojian tea: picking fresh leaves with one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves, no residual injury and no purple leaves, and refining them through the processes of deactivating enzymes, suffocating yellow, gently kneading, baking and smoking. Among them, smoking is the unique feature of Weishan Maojian.
Quality of finished tea: the shape is slightly rolled into a block, the color is Huang Liang oily, the white hair is exposed, the soup color is orange and bright, the pine smoke is fragrant, and the taste is mellow, sweet and refreshing. Huang Liang's leaves are tender and flat. Luyuan Maojian tea belongs to yellow tea and is produced in Liugen Temple, Yuan 'an County, Hubei Province.
Technology and quality of Lvyuan Maojian tea: Tea is picked in Grain Rain a few days before Qingming every year, and the standard is one bud, one leaf and two leaves. Fresh leaves are required to be tender, even and pure, without fish leaves and old leaves. After water fixation, secondary frying, punching, sorting and drying. Feeding is an important process to form the unique quality of Luyuan tea. Stack the tea blank in a bamboo tray, compact it, cover it with a wet cloth and stuff it for 5 to 6 hours to promote its yellow color. The finished product has golden color (slightly caviar), white hair exposed, ring-shaped rope (ring foot), lasting fragrance, mellow and cool taste, bright yellow-green soup color and light yellow and even leaves color. Mengshan Huangya is famous for its registered trademark (Mengshan Huangya is the same variety as Mengding Huangya, a famous ancient and modern tea, but the tea name is different from "Shan" and "Ding" because of different registered trademarks of manufacturers), and it is produced in Mengding Mountain area of Mingshan County, Sichuan Province.
Processing technology of Mengshan yellow bud: The round fertilizer single bud developed from scales collected in front of Tomb-Sweeping Day every year is used as raw material, which is processed by one-time fixation, two-color yellow, one-time stacking, three-pot and two-baking.
The quality characteristics of Mengshan yellow bud are: the bud body is uniform, flat and straight, the color is yellow and moist, and the whole hair is exposed; The soup is Huang Chengcheng, sweet and smooth, sweet and refreshing; The whole bud at the bottom of the leaf is pale yellow. It is the best in yellow bud tea. Huoshan yellow bud, produced in Huoshan County, Anhui Province, is named after its tender leaves and yellowing process. It belongs to the best famous tea in yellow tea. Jingangtai, Jinji' Tudangdang', Wumijian, Shuimanhe and Jinzhuping, which are distributed in Jinji Mountain in Dahua Ping, have the best product quality.
Picking process: the garden will be opened 3 ~ 5 days before Grain Rain every year, and the picking period will be more than 10 day, especially picking the finest and most tender buds to keep them fresh. It is made by frying, shaping, wrapping, baking, spreading and reheating.
Quality characteristics of Huoshan yellow bud: the bud Ye Ting is straight and even, yellow-green, delicate and multi-milli, shaped like a sparrow tongue; The soup is bright yellow-green, with yellow circles and light yellow leaves; The taste is rich, sweet and refreshing, with ripe chestnut fragrance, and the fragrance is overflowing after drinking.