As we all know, emphasis on words is a common rhetorical technique in couplets. Practice has proved that if the method of using emphasis on words can be used appropriately in couplets, it can fully highlight semantic meaning, strengthen tone, and It has the miraculous effect of deepening the impression and adding interest. However, there are certain rules for word-heavy couplets. Below, the author will focus on the topic of "how to grasp the rules of word-heavy couplets and improve the level of couplets" to talk about some of my superficial experiences in "learning couplet knowledge and writing word-heavy couplets" in recent years. Understand and experience, please join us to criticize and advise if there is any inappropriateness.

1. The concept of word-heavy couplets

1. What is word-heavy couplets?

In the same couplet, the same word is used two or more times, which is a double word.

2. What is word-heavy couplet?

The so-called word-heavy couplets are couplets created using the word-heavy technique. This rhetorical technique of conjunction is also called tautology, compound words, and compound words. Please note that the repeated words in the upper and lower lines must be in the same position or with each other, and the number of repeated words, the number of repetitions, the spacing, and the staggered order must be consistent. Otherwise, it is wrong. From this point of view, although the couplet does not exclude heavy characters, the rules of heavy characters must be followed, otherwise, they should be avoided.

3. What are the main forms of word-heavy couplets?

(1) The upper and lower couplets are in the same position. That is, the first line reuses a certain word, and the second line reuses another word in the same position. This is a common form of word-heavy couplets.

For example, the shadow of a pagoda lies in the river, with white plum blossoms, yellow cauliflowers, and brilliant peach blossoms;

The sound of bells is heard in the ancient temple, with clear water rhyme and mountain rhyme, creating a melodious and elegant rhyme. .

——Taoyuan Zhang Nu’s Couplet of Returning to the Wind Pagoda

This couplet is neat and vivid, presenting a beautiful picture of beautiful mountains and clear waters, beautiful pagodas and secluded temples. In addition, there are two outstanding features in the way of writing couplets: one is tautology, the first couplet reiterates the word "花" three times, and the second couplet reiterates the word "rhyme" three times; ", "Cauliflower yellow", "peach blossoms brilliant" are unequal self-pairs, and the second line "water rhyme is clear", "mountain rhyme is loud", and "elegant rhyme is melodious" are also unequal self-pairs.

Example 2: Master Wolong, friend Zilong, Master Long and friend Long;

My younger brother is Yide, my elder brother is Xuande, my younger brother is De, and my younger brother is De.

——The couplet of Guandi Temple in Jieyang inscribed by an unknown person

There are twenty characters in the whole couplet, among which the heavy characters account for four-fifths, so this is a couplet Typical tautology couplet. Zhuge Liang was called "Wolong", and Zhao Yun was called "Zilong", so there was "Dragon Master and Dragon Friend"; Zhang Fei was called "Yide", and Liu Bei was called "Xuande", so there was "Dedi De". Brother". This couplet not only contains the names of Zhuge Liang, Zhao Zilong, Liu Bei, Zhang Fei, etc., but also reveals their close relationship with Guandi as mentors and brothers. This joint is called Guandi Temple Couplet. Although there is no direct mention of Guandi, the couplet repeatedly mentions Guandi's "brother", "brother", "friend" and "teacher". In fact, it has received Every word tells the wonderful effect of Guandi. Such ingenious and exquisite works are truly something that can only be encountered but cannot be sought.

(2) The upper and lower couplets overlap each other. That is, the first couplet uses two different words in two positions, and the second couplet repeats the same two words in the first couplet. This is a special form of word-heavy couplet.

Example 1: Chatting with friends and tasting golden tea and jade dew;

Expressing your feelings and splashing jade makes you happy and refreshed.

——Zhong Shengtian inscribed "Golden Tea Tiancheng" inlaid name couplet on the teahouse

Example 2 *** said that the three pools are in the same month;

Who knows that January reflects the Three pools.

——Couple of "Three Pools Rolling on the Moon" in Zhijindong Scenic Area, Guizhou Province

Example 3: Respect oneself and others, and do not regard others' strengths as inferior to one's own weaknesses;

Measure yourself against others, and don't be jealous of others' strengths because of your own shortcomings.

——Dating couplet written by Ding Weichao in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province

Please note that among the above three examples, the first example is the mutual emphasis of anagrams in adjacent sentences, and the second example is the mutual repetition of anagrams within the sentence. Example 3 includes both the mutual emphasis of allopositions within the sentence and the mutual emphasis of homoplacement in adjacent sentences.

2. Classification of double-word couplets

Double-word couplets can be roughly divided into five categories: double-word couplets, true couplets, palindrome couplets, mutual repeated couplets, and compound-word couplets.

1. Dual-word couplets

Duplicate words are used overlapping the same word or word. The overlapping word couplets are ingenious in conception, unique in word usage, rich in connotation, and uniquely interesting.

When reading such couplets aloud, the tone rises and falls, and the scene is vivid, and the effect is certainly extraordinary.

The strange traces of Yao Yao are a fairyland on earth;

The leisurely paradise is a paradise on earth.

——Taohuayuan couplet written by Yu Qi in Taoyuan No. 2 Middle School

This is a relatively simple couplet with overlapping characters. However, this couplet seems simple, but in fact it has profound connotations. It not only tells the magical origin of the Peach Blossom Spring, but also reflects people's beautiful vision of real life. Among them, "杳杳" refers to the distant appearance, and "Youyou" refers to the leisurely state.

When you make friends, you are open-hearted and sincere in your feelings;

When you change cups and cups, you are happy and happy.

——A couplet inscribed by Sun Taiping on a hotel in Changsha, Hunan

This is a self-titled couplet. In the couplet, "tranquility" is paired with "affectionate", and "happy" is paired with "happy". These two sets of overlapping suffixes vividly describe the scene of making friends and exchanging glasses of wine in a hotel. The couplets embody Contains the philosophy of life, which is especially worthy of praise.

The east wind tempts the head (couplet by Nie Zhigang) The breeze blows on the face and feels refreshing (couplet by Wang Shichun)

The spring water fills the eyes and the pulse is fresh (couplet by Hu Guicheng) The spring water fills the eyes and pulses New (sentence by Hu Guicheng)

——Excerpted from the clever couplets in the 86th issue of Shaoyang Evening News, Hunan Province

Not only are these two couplets quite neat, but their use of overlapping words is also quite anthropomorphic. Feeling, let us see a colorful world from here, the spring is bright, the spring is harmonious, intoxicating and yearning.

Reward guests with fine wine and rejoice;

Respect friends with sweet sugar, sweet with honey.

——Zhong Shengtian’s couplet on the door of a friend’s wedding restaurant

This is the simplest couplet with overlapping characters. The couplet words "happy and happy" and "sweet and sweet" are used here, which will obviously strengthen the rendering effect of the host and guest rejoicing together.

The water, water and mountains are bright and beautiful everywhere;

Sunny or rainy, I am always curious.

——Hangzhou West Lake Solitary Mountain Pavilion Couplet

Although this couplet is short, due to the skillful use of the rhetorical technique of overlapping words, the beautiful mountains and rivers of the West Lake are vividly displayed on the page. . This overlapping couplet is also a palindrome pair, which can be read in reverse as: "Xiu Xiu is bright and clear, mountains and rivers are everywhere; Qi Qi is good and beautiful, it rains and shines all the time." It also reads very smoothly and naturally.

Winds and rains, warm and cold, looking for you everywhere;

The warblers and swallows, the flowers and leaves, the darlings at dusk and morning.

——Suzhou Humble Administrator’s Garden Couplet

This couplet uses fourteen sets of overlapping words, which not only vividly depicts the love and affection of young men and women, but also describes the weather and seasons. The changes in scenery and the fragrance of birds and flowers are integrated into one, which is really rare.

2. Dingzhen couplet

Use the end of the previous language unit as the beginning of the next language unit, so that the two adjacent language units are connected one after another, one after another. , that is, Lianzhu, this form of couplet is called thimble couplet, also known as Dingzhen, Lianzhu or Lianzhu couplet. There are two types of couplet linking: sentence-to-sentence linking and word-to-word linking.

The half moon is full and half full;

It is cold and cold in early spring.

——Anonymous Dingzhen tautological couplet

This is a couplet written with tautology at the beginning and end, with overlapping words and thimbles. The first couplet tells about the full moon in the middle of the moon, and the second couplet introduces the cold spring in early spring. The first line can be read as "half moon - full moon - half full moon", and the second line can be read as "early spring - cold spring - early cold spring".

Changde has virtue in its mountains and mountains;

Changsha has sand and water without sand.

——The true couplet on the top of Baisha Well in Changsha

The first couplet can be read as "Changde - Deshan - The mountain has virtue", and the second couplet can be read as "Changsha - Shashui" ——Water without sand.” Because the end of the previous phrase happens to be connected with the beginning of the next phrase, this is completely in line with the characteristics of true continuation, which can be said to be a continuation of words and sentences.

One is born with two, two begets three, and three begets all things;

Earth follows heaven, heaven follows Tao, and Tao follows nature.

——Taohuayuan Taochuan Palace Shifang Couplet

This couplet comes from Taoism. It means that one is the source of all things, from one comes two, from two comes three, from three regenerates all things; nature is the foundation of Taoism, the earth imitates heaven, heaven imitates Tao, and Tao imitates nature.

Yellow granite, yellow granite, yellow shines on blue blood, blood stains yellow flowers and leaves the fragrance pavilion;

Green water river, green river water, green reflects the white pagoda, and the pagoda seal is preserved in the green water. Allow.

——An anonymous Dingzhen couplet passed down on the Internet

This couplet uses chrysanthemums to symbolize the spirit of the martyrs, and integrates Dingzhen and palindrome. Among them, "yellow granite, granite yellow" and "Green river, river green" are partial palindromes respectively. However, the third and fourth clauses of this couplet have the problem of the lack of pairing and substitution of oblique and oblique.

The cage of the horse is loose, the cage is loose, and the horse is running;

The chicken cover is broken, the chicken cover is broken, and the chicken fly after the cover is broken.

——Anonymous couplet with overlapping characters reported online

There are many rhetorical techniques in this couplet. "Horse cage and horse cage, horse cage and horse cage", "chicken cover and chicken cover, chicken cover and chicken cover" are loops within the sentence. "Congsong, caged pine" and "covering broken, covering broken" are linked beads. One of "cage" and "cage" is a noun and the other is a verb. This is a category change. The couplets cleverly use nouns and conjugate the characteristics, repeating repeated words, repeated inversions, staggered writing, sonorous phonology, and very clever conception.

The spring rain moistens the cranes and the peaks are green;

The refreshing autumn wind shakes the golden fruits and carries their fragrance.

——Zhong Shengtian inscribed the name of Hefeng Village in Mazongling Township on the couplet

In 2008, Hefeng Village in Mazongling Township, Taoyuan County was awarded the National Environmental Protection Agency for its solid greening and environmental protection work. The glorious title of "National Environmentally Friendly and Beautiful Village". At that time, I happened to be a team member assigned by the county party committee to the village. In order to share the happiness of the villagers, I immediately inscribed the above couplet using the techniques of duplication, overlapping characters and embedded names.

3. Palindrome couplets

Palindromic couplets are also called palindromic couplets and rolling shutters. There are many forms of palindrome couplets, such as direct palindrome, reverse palindrome, partial palindrome, and variable order palindrome. The rhetorical technique of palindrome fully demonstrates and makes use of the two characteristics of Chinese language, which is mainly monosyllabic morphemes and uses word order as an important grammatical device. The reading goes back and forth and stretches endlessly, giving people a soul-stirring and interesting beauty. In the above four types of palindrome couplets, there will inevitably be some word-heavy couplets, so we can regard them as a special form of word-heavy couplets.

Please note: palindrome couplets with non-heavy characters are not within the scope of this lecture.

For example:

The sky is full of green trees and the spring rains; the wind brings the fragrant flowers to the ground;

The ground is full of red and fragrant flowers to send the wind. The spring rain makes the trees green and the sky green.

——Wang Anshi’s wonderful pairings win the hearts of beauties

(1) The palindrome couplet of the same sentence is also called the palindrome of the sentence. It consists of palindromes with different characters in the upper and lower couplets, that is, the upper and lower couplets. The couplets themselves are read exactly the same sequentially and backwards, and this type of palindromic couplet is the most common. This type of palindrome couplet is also called "symmetrical palindrome couplet". Because it takes a character in the middle as the axis, or the interval between two sentences as the axis, forming a symmetrical pattern with both sides from near to far, it is called a "symmetrical palindrome couplet".

The fog locks the top of the mountain and the fog locks the mountain;

The sky is connected to the water and the tail water is connected to the sky.

——Xiamen Gulangyu Fish Preserved Pulp Couplet

Both the upper and lower couplets themselves can be read sequentially or backwards, and the words, sounds, and meanings are the same. The first couplet writes that fog and mountains set off each other and are interdependent; the second couplet writes that sky and water set off each other and interact with each other. Two by two, facing each other in a circular motion, they accurately reveal the specific geographical environment and unique charming scenery of Gulangyu Island.

Hanwu's life is Wuhan; (sentence from Guangdong Chen Zhiwei)

Longji half life and half Keelung. (Couplet Henan Zheng Ye)

This couplet is a palindrome couplet with an embedded name. Although it is only a short number, it briefly describes the outstanding characteristics of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty in ancient China: Although Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was an emperor, he was just a Wuhan; although Emperor Tang Minghuang was famous for a while, he only prospered for half his life.

(2) The characteristic of the inverted palindrome couplet is that the upper and lower couplets are inverted sentences, and both can be read backwards. There are three main forms of expression:

①The first couplet is read backwards word for word to form the second couplet.

Longfeiyinfeng Temple;

The flying dragon is hidden on the peak of the temple.

——Yinfeng Temple Couplet

The upper and lower couplets have the same text, and the second couplet is a readback of the first couplet, that is, a poem is read forward and backward to form a couplet, and the sentences are smooth. , meaning complete. The artistic conception of this couplet is: the giant dragon flies over the ancient temple with its peak hidden, and the peak of the ancient temple blocks the figure of the flying dragon. Like two dynamic landscape paintings.

The fragrant mountains are full of red leaves, and the clouds reflected by the clouds add wisdom to the sea;

The sea of ??wisdom adds colorful clouds, and the red leaves reflected by the clouds fill the mountains with fragrance.

——Beijing Xiangshan Lian

The red leaves of Xiangshan Mountain in Beijing and the nearby Sea of ??Wisdom are fascinating.

Someone wrote the above palindrome couplet and chanted it back and forth, suddenly feeling that the autumn mood was getting stronger.

②The upper and lower couplets are both palindromic couplets that are read forward and backward.

I live in nature, but I am a guest in heaven;

When people pass by the great Buddhist temple, the Buddha in the temple is bigger than others.

——The couplet between the emperor and his ministers in "Tiantianju"

It is said that one day Qianlong paid a private visit incognito and ate at Zhenjiang Tiantianju restaurant. After eating and drinking, Qianlong looked at the plaque of his store and said: "The guest lives in nature, and he is a guest from heaven." After that, Qianlong and his party came to Nanming Mountain in the suburbs of Xinchang County. There is a giant Buddha on the mountain, and a temple in front of the Buddha, called the Big Buddha Temple. Ji Xiaolan, the accompanying scholar, had an idea and said a couplet: "When people pass the Great Buddha Temple, the Buddha in the temple is bigger than people." In Qianlong's sentence, the latter sentence is read backwards from the previous sentence. Ji Xiaolan's couplets also met the emperor's requirements. Throughout the whole couplet, the upper and lower couplets can be read sequentially or backwards respectively, and can take into account both antithesis and parallel correspondence, which is quite ingenious.

③The upper and lower positions are reversed to return to the literary couplet

The golden garden is full of joy; ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

——Hunan Dai Shaoxiang's "Golden Happy Life" Gold Medal Couplet

The upper and lower parts of this couplet are palindromic transpositions, and the two words overlap each other in different positions, which is relatively rare in couplets. of.

(3) Partial palindrome couplet is a loop of some words or some words, some people call it a small loop.

The play in the text, the play in the play, reading the text and watching the play, each has elegant taste;

The sound hides the tune, the tune hides the sound, listening to the music and listening to the tune, there are strange emotions.

——An anonymous stage couplet from a certain place

In the first couplet, "the play is in the text, the play is in the text" is a partial palindrome, and the corresponding position in the second couplet is "the sound hides the tune, the tune hides the sound", It is also a partial palindrome.

In a village that enriches the people, the villagers are rich, and the country is especially rich when the village is rich; (couplet by Zhang Yunfang, Fujian)

Broadband network, the network bandwidth, the network is wider and the heart is broader. (Sentence from Hubei Xiang Zhongchi)

——Champion Couplet of China Couplet Competition

The words "broadband network, network bandwidth" in the first couplet are partial palindromes, and the second couplet corresponds The location "enriching the village and enriching the people" is also a partial palindrome.

(4) Change-order palindrome couplet refers to changing the order of words or sentences in the first couplet to form a palindrome.

The wife of a drunkard and the brother of a nun;

The wife of a nun and an uncle of a drunkard.

——A humorous couplet from the old days

In the old days, a county magistrate wanted to take a beautiful nun as his concubine but was rejected. He became so angry that he was closely guarded. One day, I suddenly saw a nun helping a drunk man appear in the meditation room. The county magistrate closely detained the nun and accused her of being immoral. The nun then wrote this couplet to answer the county magistrate. After hearing this, the county magistrate had to release the nun and go home amidst the laughter of everyone. It turns out that this is a palindrome riddle couplet with heavy characters, and the answer is "the father of nuns". In this couplet, the first three characters of the upper and lower couplets are replaced by the last three characters of the lower couplet to form a couplet. This is a rare palindrome couplet with a variable order.

If strictly examined, this couplet still has many problems such as the wrong pairing of levels, the wrong replacement of levels, and the three tails and ties. However, in view of the fact that this association has multiple technical couplets, it should be relaxed and discussed separately.

The disciple is the emperor;

The emperor is the disciple.

——Sun Jianai's self-inscribed couplet as Taifu's family

This is a couplet inscribed by Sun Jianai (nài), cabinet bachelor, crown prince and Taifu, and Guangxu Emperor's master. It is said that during the late Qing Dynasty, in order to recognize and commend Sun Jia Nai's achievements in tutoring the prince, the emperor granted permission to build the "Tai Fu Di" in his hometown. Therefore, the above-mentioned couplet appeared on the door of Taifu Sun Jianai. The words "disciple" and "emperor" in the couplet are the same and are transposed between the upper and lower couplets, so this couplet is also a modified palindrome couplet.

The strange rocks at the end of the world are the most beautiful scenery at the end of the world;

The ghostly ax at the end of the world is the workmanship at the end of the world.

——Zhong Shengtian’s inscription Sanya Tianya Haijiao Couplet

In this couplet, "Haijiao" and "Tianya" are interchangeable in the upper and lower couplets, which can also be regarded as a palindromic couplet in a modified order. .

One family is separated by two sides of the Taiwan Strait;

One family is one family on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

——Xiao Qilang, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, inscribed a couplet of hundreds of Chinese surnames for a tour of Taiwan

The upper couplet writes about estrangement, and the lower couplet writes about integration. The couplets "One Family, Two Straits" and "Two Straits, One Family" use the artistic technique of modified palindrome and tautology to convey expressive expressions, deepen the theme, and express the contrasting feelings of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, who were divided and then reunited. Although the first couplet of this couplet has the ending "three squares", it is really unavoidable in such a short sentence pattern of cleverly changing the order and tautology of the couplet.

4. Mutual reconnection

Heterotopic reconnection means that two different words are used in two positions in the upper line, and the second line is repeated with corresponding transpositions. Use certain two words in the first couplet. This type of couplets can be mainly divided into the following two forms.

(1) Two words separated by different positions are connected with each other

The bank is bright red, and the colorful phoenix is ??wrapped in gold to bid farewell to the old year;

The orchid is purple, The golden dragon is shining brightly in the new year.

——Zhong Shengtian inscribed the Spring Festival couplets for the Year of the Dragon in Renchen

Everything is new, see the spring of universal love, and the great harmony is in the painting;

One mausoleum lasts forever, it is *** and cornerstone, monument to democracy.

——Inscribed by Chen Liang of Sichuan on Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Phoenixes and dragons soar, a moment of spring night is worth a thousand gold;

Love in the morning and evening, the love hole is as deep as a thousand cents. .

——Zhong Shengtian wrote a question about a friend’s newlywed bridal chamber that is homophonic in double correlations

Thinking of the past, it was so miserable that they had to eat three of them;

Look at the current situation, the black and red are running under the sea, so happy, I am bullying the others.

——Zhong Shengtian’s play title Changde folk custom beard running cultural activity

The above first couplet is separated by two characters and overlaps each other; the second, third and fourth couplets are all separated by one The words are in different positions and overlap each other.

(2) Two words in different positions overlap with each other in the next sentence

It doesn’t matter if the path is winding or steep, every pilgrim is near the Bodhisattva;

The steps can prove it , Bodhi can prove it, don’t be afraid of the long distance to practice Zen.

——Hunan Yi Gengshan inscribed the Bodhi Path of Guanyin Mountain in Dongguan, Guangdong

The two words "road and bodhisattva" in this couplet are in different positions and overlap each other. In addition, the words "why not" and "kezheng" in the upper and lower couplets are the same words in the same position.

Only due to the opposite, there are partial talents, and they will show off morning and evening. It should be noted that if you write hundreds and thousands of couplets, you will have no reputation for half a lifetime and no regrets for a lifetime;

Don’t blame yourself for being an official because you have no right ways, the moon is white and the wind is clear. Kanwei Yan, who has been an official for fifteen years, is meticulous and meticulous, and has not been promoted even half of the time.

——Liu Li's self-titled couplet in Guang'an, Sichuan

The last two sentences of the upper and lower couplets of this couplet are in pairs: "one" and "half" are the alternate sentences of the upper and lower couplets. They emphasize each other, "wu" (wú) and "bu" are in the same position in the upper and lower conjunctions. In addition, in the first and fourth clauses, "zuo dui" and "duo zuo", "when official" and "guan dang" are partial palindromes of the alternate sentences.

5. Complex couplets

Full-character couplets are tautological couplets. The compound couplet referred to here specifically refers to a kind of heavy word couplet that is different from repeated word couplets, Dingzhen couplets, palindrome couplets and reciprocal couplets. It can be divided into single-word tautological couplets, multi-word tautological couplets, interval tautological couplets, continuous tautological couplets, and first and last tautological couplets.

(1) Single-character tautology couplet refers to a couplet containing only one tautology word.

①Single word, single tautology couplet

The monkey returns after stepping on the colorful clouds, looking back step by step, enjoying the great changes in Beijing, and the beautiful scenery of thousands of miles of rivers and mountains;

The chicken welcomes the red As the sun rises, three springs shine brightly, singing loudly about the rejuvenation of China and the glorious future of the country.

——Cui Gangbing of Yiyang, Hunan Province inscribed the Spring Festival couplets for the Year of the Rooster in Beijing

The two heavy words "one step at a time, one turn" and "three springs and three bright voices" respectively combine "monkeys love the beautiful scenery" and The demeanor of "Chicken singing about China" is vividly sketched, thus adding an unforgettable festive color to the Beijing New Year in the Year of the Rooster.

Beside the Willow Lake, the tender green leaf buds express the feeling of spring;

In the Peach Blossom Spring, the bright red stamens reflect the fairy girl.

——Zhong Shengtian’s Spring Couplet inscribed on Renchen in the Year of the Dragon

This is a Spring Couplet that uses the technique of using the same position and emphasis on words to outline the regional characteristics of Changde. The heavy characters in the couplet are used appropriately and naturally, without any sense of stacking or carving.

The Jade Rabbit returns to the palace, and the rabbit steps galloping to deliver the good news;

The golden dragon enters the world, and the dragon's beauty shines all over the world.

——Zhong Shengtian’s Spring Festival Couplet titled Renchen Year of the Dragon

In addition to using the technique of heavy words, this couplet also contains the technique of pun.

The phoenix and the dragon soar, and the jade woman cooks the jade liquid;

The sky and the high ground are vast, and the cyclists are drunk with the fairy juice.

——Zhong Shengtian inscribed a tautology couplet inlaid with a crane on the top of Fengtian Tea House

The first couplet depicts the beauty of the tea maker and the essence of tea art, while the second couplet depicts the mellowness of the tea and the intoxication of the guests. In the rhetorical techniques of this couplet, the first is embedded names, the second is emphasis on words, and the third is self-reflection. The first clause is self-reflection of the same sentence, and the second clause is self-reflection of the same sentence with separated words.

② Multiple tautology of single words

One piece, two pieces and three pieces, wonderful, each piece is soaring and beautiful!

A hundred cups, a thousand cups, a thousand cups, the king? Cups of Yunwu wild tea!

——Zhong Shengtian inscribed a congratulatory couplet titled Taoyuan Tengqiongye Tea King for winning the National Gold Award with embedded names

This couplet integrates rhetorical techniques such as embedded names, use of numbers, and tautology. It is the author’s A special couplet inscribed "Tengqiong Wild Tea King". The first couplet reiterates the word "piece" five times, focusing on describing the beauty of its shape, and sincerely appreciates "the tongues of birds are all Tengqiong jade leaves"; the second couplet reiterates the word "cup" five times, fully affirming its noble taste. , I sincerely lamented that “only wild tea is the king among cups of fine wine.” This is exactly how elegance emerges from the cup, and beauty is found in drinking tea. Please note that the two characters "Tengqiong" in the couplet are the registered trademarks of the company, which are combined from the names of the company's CEOs Ji Guangteng and Zhong Kaiqiong. The word "Yunwu" in the second line is a parallel structure, and the word "Tengqiong" in the first line is also a parallel structure.

Longevity and longevity, nine ranks and longevity;

Moisturize the body and house, and nourish the spring and autumn with great achievements.

——Taoyuan Luo Qingzuo's 90th birthday couplet inscribed on Mr. Luo Changrun

This couplet is embedded with the name of the longevity star "Changrun" three times, describing people and events, and auspicious words. Definitely the best longevity couplet.

(2) Multi-character tautology couplets refer to couplets containing only two or more tautology words.

The makers are attentive, the sellers are satisfied, the buyers are assured, the eaters are happy and elated;

Pancakes in spring, shortbread in summer, sweet cookies in autumn, shortbreads in winter, cakes The industry will prosper forever.

——Cui Gangbing of Yiyang, Hunan Province inscribed "A Hundred Years of Fortune and Happiness Combined into a Cake" couplet

In the couplet, five "hearts" are compared to five "cakes", and four "persons" are compared to four " "Zhi", clever use of heavy words, is fascinating. The first couplet describes people, which coincides with his "cake". Making, selling, buying and eating is what people do, so seeing everyone happy and elated; the lower couplet describing cakes directly refers to his "industry", spring, summer, autumn and winter, the order of heaven, It shows that every season is prosperous and the cake industry is ever-growing. Such clever use of heavy words, divided in the front and summarized in the back, is a masterpiece.

The son is happy and the father is happy, and the red candle illuminates the door with great joy;

Friends are happy, and the drunken guests are all happy.

——Zhong Shengtian’s inscription about the door of a friend’s newlywed restaurant, which is in different positions and overlaps with each other

The words “happy and joy” in the first clause of this couplet are in different positions and overlap with each other. The words "Chong" and "Ge Ge" in the clause are words with the same position. "Xi and Huan" in the second clause and "Xi and Huan" in the first clause are words with the same position and different words respectively.

When you understand tea through the tea ceremony, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are all dissolved in the soup;

The art of brewing tea shows the world and the people.

——Taoyuan Wang Zhaoyuan’s title on Chinese Tea Ceremony Culture

Each Chinese Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism have their own schools of tea ceremony: Buddhism is accompanied by the solitude of green lanterns during the tea banquet, and it is necessary to have a clear mind See nature; Taoists seek emptiness and tranquility in drinking tea, aiming to escape the world; Confucians use tea to inspire people, advocate mutual communication, and actively engage with the world. One of the things they have in common is "harmony and tranquility". After many years of drinking tea, Mr. Wang realized the essence of tea ceremony. He once wrote: "Tea is a wonderful medicine for cultivating sentiments. Chinese tea ceremony emphasizes the realm of the unity of nature and man, integrates the essence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and embodies purity and truth. The spirit of tea. To appreciate the true meaning of life, we must pay more attention to cultivating one's character and self-cultivation." Wang Lao's couplet incorporates profound and rich tea ceremony culture. The whole couplet uses heavy wording to make it more understandable. This is really a rare tea ceremony couplet.

(3) Couplets separated by repeated words refer to couplets separated by repeated words.

Half work, half study, half ink;

One person writes with one stroke and one stroke.

——The first couplet written by the owner of Banmo Studio is self-effacing, describing his living conditions of working and studying at the same time; the second couplet reflects The upright personality of the host. People are easy to write but difficult to write. But it is really rare for the owner of the restaurant to encourage himself. The whole couplet has profound meaning and distinctive style.

Everyone pursues his own aspirations, and each walks in his own way;

Apart from the ordinary and holy, and from the effect and the cause.

——Mao Zedong’s random question about Lin Biao’s defection incident

On September 12, 1971, Zhou Enlai reported to Mao Zedong in writing the abnormal situation of Lin Biao and his gang preparing to defect, and asked for instructions on how to deal with it. After Mao Zedong read it, he immediately inscribed the above tautological couplet on his favorite small silk folding fan. Zhou Enlai opened this small folding fan and immediately understood Mao Zedong's true intention at this moment.

This couplet written by Mao Zedong is unique among all his couplet works. From the perspective of the couplet form, first of all, the first and second sentences of the upper and lower couplets are self-pairing; secondly, the upper couplet uses the four characters "ge" and the lower couplet uses the four characters "li". This is another typical couplet. The word repeats the couplet. The whole couplet is not only neat in contrast, concise and clear, but also uses appropriate allusions and is full of philosophy. Judging from the background of the incident and the aftermath, the couplet's skillful use of tautology and self-reflection, a special rhetorical technique for writing couplets, vividly illustrates Mao Zedong's image of a wise man who knew everything and was calm at this critical moment. .

(4) Continuous tautology couplets refer to couplets with continuous tautology.

Thank you for the wine;

Cheers to Bibi.

——Anonymous funny tautological couplet

At a literary gathering, the famous director Xie Tian poured wine for a friend. The friend laughed at this and wrote a couplet: "Thank you Thank you for the wine." Because this sentence used various rhetorical techniques such as embedded names, tautology, and truth, it was so difficult that no one could answer it at the time. It was not until a few years later that a master of couplets wrote the second couplet with the title "Bi Gan" from the Shang Dynasty: "Cheers to Bi Bi Gan". Take a closer look at this couplet, "add wine" to "cheers", it is really clever in conception, unified in artistic conception, neat in contrast, and endlessly interesting.

Greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy; (Mr.’s sentence)

Death and death, life and death, Mr. dies first, Mr. Mr. Death. (Brother and sister couplet)

According to legend, there was a private school teacher who had been obsessed with the sister of his disciple for a long time. One day, the teacher used the above-mentioned heavy words to make a sentence for his disciples. If the disciple is not right, the teacher will ask him to hand in the paper the next day. The next day, the disciple turned in the paper with the above couplet. After seeing this, the husband was so angry that he fainted. He deduced that the couplet must have been written by his disciple's sister. He originally wanted to use this form of couplet to pierce the window of secret love and win the favor of his lover. Unexpectedly, it backfired and he was asking for trouble. This is a typical couplet with repeated words and repeated words. It is quite interesting to read carefully.

(5) Tautological couplets at the beginning and end of the sentence refer to couplets with repeated words at the beginning and end of the sentence. This type can be divided into the following four situations:

① Single word tautology couplets

Midnight and half;

Mid-Autumn Festival in the middle of August.

——Jin Shengtan’s couplet of life and death

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the famous scholar Jin Shengtan and the abbot of Jinshan Temple were discussing couplets, and it was late at night. Jin asked the abbot what time it was, and the abbot casually said: "It's half past midnight." Kim couldn't handle it. Because there are not only two characters "half" in the sentence, but the first two characters and the last three characters have the same meaning. It is really not easy to match them. Since there is a first couplet, there must be a second couplet. Jin thought hard and couldn't sleep. He secretly vowed to get it out even if he died.

As time goes by, Jin Shengtan was convicted of death due to the Crying Ancestral Temple case and was about to be chopped in half on the streets of Jinling. After hearing the news, the abbot rushed to the execution ground with mooncakes in hand. As soon as Jin saw it, he knew it was the Mid-Autumn Festival. He suddenly had a flash of inspiration, and the couplet that had been haunting him all his life finally appeared. He immediately wrote a couplet: "Mid-Autumn Festival in the middle of August." When Jin was about to pass away, he finally solved the couplet problem that had troubled him all his life. He was still very satisfied. He calmly ate the mooncakes, thanked the abbot, and then sprinkled blood on the execution ground.

The two characters "half" and "zhong" in this couplet are embedded at the beginning and end of the upper and lower couplets respectively, and the first two characters in the couplet have the same meaning as the last three characters, so it can be said to be a very rare double-heavy couplet. Talk about life and death.

Painting to celebrate the New Year, Mu Han’s auspicious painting for a generation;

Addition of fine works every year, the edition shows the happy New Year for thousands of families.

——Inscribed by Shen Jianhua on Nantong Green Valley Academy Couplet

This couplet repeats the words "painting" and "year" at the beginning and end of the upper and lower couplets.

②The beginning and end of the phrase are tautological couplets

The world is public, and the public name is all over the world;

The country is the only one in the heart, and the founding father is in the heart.

——Shandong Chen Li inscribed on Sun Yat-sen

This couplet not only reiterates "the world" and "heart" in the upper and lower couplets respectively, but also the two clauses are linked together, which is actually It is a rare masterpiece.

③The beginning and end of the single words overlap with each other

Dragon eyes look forward to spring and urge the jade rabbit;

The rabbit hairs are dipped in blessings to draw a golden dragon.

——Zhong Shengtian’s Spring Couplet of the Year of the Dragon in Renchen

This couplet overlaps the two characters “dragon” and “rabbit” at the beginning and end of the upper and lower couplets. This kind of overlapping of words at the beginning and end is relatively rare.

④The beginning and end of the phrases are interconnected

The illusion of Taoyuan has been passed down for thousands of years, causing many reveries and countless searches, and sighing that it is hard to find a fisherman in the sea market;

The fisherman's holiday is now here. Seeing the prosperity of the people and feeling the prosperity of the country, I feel like I have entered a fairyland and seen a paradise again.

——Lianyou’s Meiyu couplet on Peach Blossom Spring

This couplet has the words “Taoyuan” and “Fisherman” repeated at the beginning and end of the upper and lower couplets. This kind of phrases overlap each other at the beginning and end. It is even rarer. .

(6) Couplets with homophonic and accented words refer to couplets containing homophonic and accented words.

The rat bites the uncle and the uncle fights the rat;

The aunt scratches the buttocks and kicks the aunt.

In this couplet, "rat and uncle" and "aunt and 牯" are homophonic and heavy characters.

The rat cools down the beam in the summer heat, and the painting on the wall depicts the cat frightening the rat;

When the chicken is hungry and picks up food, the boy turns over the rice in the tube and likes the hungry chicken.

In this couplet, "rat and heat" and "chicken and hunger" are homophonic and heavy words.