According to the 2005 edition of the Pharmacopoeia, honeysuckle is the dried bud or first-blooming flower of Lonicera japonica, a plant of the Caprifoliaceae family, which also includes mountain honeysuckle, so mixed use has been common for many years. However, the 2010 edition of the Pharmacopoeia clearly stipulates that honeysuckle and mountain honeysuckle are two different species. Honeysuckle is the dried bud or first-blooming flower of the honeysuckle plant Lonicera japonica, while mountain honeysuckle is the plant Lonicera leucophylla and red honeysuckle. The dried flower buds or newly opened flowers of Lonicera japonica, Lonicera chinensis or Lonicera truncatula. Honeysuckle has a wide planting range, many varieties, and large price differences. So, how do we correctly identify honeysuckle and mountain honeysuckle?
1. Honeysuckle and Mountain Silver have different origins
Honeysuckle: the dried flower buds or first-blooming flowers of Lonicera japonica Lonicerae.
Mountain honeysuckle: the dried flower buds or first-blooming flowers of Lonicera japonica, Lonicera japonica or Lonicera chinensis Lonicera.
2. The properties of honeysuckle and mountain honeysuckle are different
Honeysuckle is rod-shaped, thick at the top and thin at the bottom, slightly curved, 2 to 3cm long, with an upper diameter of 3mm and a lower diameter of 1.5mm. Yellow-white or green-white, densely pubescent. Occasionally there are leaf-like bracts, the calyx is green, the apex is 5-lobed, the lobes are hairy, about 2mm long, the open corolla is tube-shaped, the apex is bi-lipped, 5 stamens are attached to the tube wall, yellow; 1 pistil, the ovary is hairless , the smell is fragrant and the taste is light and slightly bitter.
The gray felt honeysuckle is rod-shaped and slightly curved, 3 to 4.5cm long, with an upper diameter of 2mm and a lower diameter of 1mm, with a green-brown to yellowish-white surface. The total pedicels are gathered into clusters. The open corolla lobes are less than half of the total length. They are slightly hard and slightly elastic when pinched by hand. The odor is fragrant and the taste is slightly bitter and sweet.
Honeysuckle is 2.5-4.5cm long and 0.8-2mm in diameter. Its surface is yellow-white to yellow-brown, hairless or sparsely coated, and its calyx tube is hairless.
South China Honeysuckle is 1.6-3.5cm long and 0.5-2mm in diameter. The calyx tube and corolla are densely covered with gray-white hairs, and the ovary is hairy.
3. The composition and content of honeysuckle and mountain honeysuckle are different
Honeysuckle contains chlorogenic acid. The 2005 edition of the "Pharmacopoeia" stipulates that chlorogenic acid is determined by high performance liquid chromatography: This Calculated as dry product, the chlorogenic acid content shall not be less than 1.5%. Honeysuckle contains luteolin. The 2005 edition of the "Pharmacopoeia" stipulates that: luteolin is determined by high performance liquid chromatography: this product shall contain no less than 0.10% of luteolin as a dry product.
The 2005 version of Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the acidic acid contained in Mountain Silver: Chlorogenic acid is determined according to high performance liquid chromatography: This product shall contain no less than 1.5% of chlorogenic acid calculated as a dry product.
4. The main distribution areas of honeysuckle and mountain honeysuckle
1. The main distribution areas of honeysuckle
Julu County, Hebei Province has low-lying terrain and poor soil. But it is particularly suitable for the growth of honeysuckle. It has a history of 38 years since 1973 when Xie Fengling, a villager in Julujiazhai, started experimenting with planting honeysuckle. After the reform and opening up, Julu Honeysuckle has made great progress. By 1988, the cultivation area reached about 50,000 acres. In 1998, when the central government adjusted its agricultural planting structure and the government's support further increased, honeysuckle ushered in a peak period of development, with the cultivation area expanding to 130,000 acres. During the SARS epidemic in 2003, the area of ??Julu honeysuckle reached 190,000 acres. In 2004, Julu County was named the "Hometown of Honeysuckle in China" by the Department of Agriculture. After SARS, the price of honeysuckle has gone up and down several times, and the scale of its cultivation has also been changing. In the past year or so, the price of honeysuckle has been rising, which has stimulated farmers' enthusiasm for cultivating honeysuckle. As of 2010, the cultivation area of ??Julu honeysuckle has reached 218,000 acres, Julu honeysuckle cultivation has developed into a pillar industry in the local area. In June 2010, the Julu County Government issued a "sulfur restriction order" in response to problems in the processing and sales of Julu Honeysuckle, indicating that the county government has also raised its emphasis on the quality and brand of honeysuckle products to a new level. However, due to diseases, insect pests and Due to water and soil reasons, the area on the ground is decreasing.
Pingyi County, Shandong Province is the prestigious "Hometown of Honeysuckle in China", the origin and main production area of ??honeysuckle. It has been planting honeysuckle for more than 200 years, covering an area of ??more than 420,000 acres, and its output accounts for 10% of the country's total. More than 60%, and the circulation accounts for more than 70% of the country's total. After long-term cultivation, there are now Pinghua No. 1, Pinghua No. 2, Jiufeng No. 1, Da Maohua, Chicken Feet Flower and other excellent varieties with high yield, good quality and strong disease resistance.
Pingyi honeysuckle has large buds, pure color, and fragrant taste. It contains flavonoids, inositol, and saponins. Some ingredients, such as saponins, are not found in honeysuckle from other places. It contains 1.8% volatile oil, while those from other places only have 0.2%-0.4%. ; Chlorogenic acid content is 5.87%.
Fei County, Shandong Province Fei County belongs to the deciduous fruit tree area in the north temperate zone. The growth habit of honeysuckle is similar to that of fruit trees and is suitable for growth. It is located in the mid-latitudes and has a continental climate in the warm temperate Southeast Asian monsoon region. It has the climate characteristics of four distinct seasons, high annual temperatures, long sunshine, and low and concentrated precipitation. Honeysuckle is drought- and flood-resistant and can grow in both rainy flood seasons and drier winters. Its active ingredient, chlorogenic acid, is a substance synthesized by plants through the intermediate products of the pentose phosphate pathway during oxygen respiration. Drought and low temperature can increase the proportion of the pentose phosphate pathway and increase the content of chlorogenic acid. May is the period from budding to full bloom of the first flowers. At this time, there is drought and low temperature, so it is an environmental condition with high honeysuckle green content. Furthermore, the soil in Feixian County has four major categories: brown soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil and sandy ginger black soil. The brown soil and cinnamon soil suitable for growing honeysuckle account for about 88.51% of the county's available area. Brown soil develops on the weathered matter of acidic rocks and is distributed in the middle and upper parts of hills. The terrain is dry and has the lowest water holding capacity. It also provides dry site conditions for honeysuckle, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of chlorogenic acid.
Fengqiu County, Henan Province Fengqiu honeysuckle has a planting history of more than 1,500 years, which is clearly recorded in the "Famous Doctors" written by Tao Hongjing, a famous medical scientist in the Liang Dynasty. Fengqiu honeysuckle flower buds are thick, thick, bright in color, and have high medicinal efficiency and health care effects. In 1980, the former State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine invested heavily in establishing a honeysuckle production base in Fengqiu after inspecting Fengqiu’s soil, climate and other conditions. Honeysuckle is the first choice among Chinese patent medicines to fight SARS. In the fight against SARS, Fengqiu honeysuckle is favored by the medical industry and consumers because of its good quality. The unique geographical environment and unique management methods have successfully domesticated the unique upright performance of Fengqiu honeysuckle, which is conducive to ventilation, light transmission, and absorption of nutrients. The Fengqiu honeysuckle has large flowers, bright green color, high medicinal ingredients, and high quality. It ranks first among similar products in the country. The important component chlorogenic phosphorus content reaches 4%-6%, and the total flavonoids are 2.14%. Fengqiu honeysuckle is an authentic product of Chinese medicinal materials, and it is also an authentic honeysuckle and key collection recorded in literature of the past dynasties. Over the years, in order to improve the yield and quality of honeysuckle in Fengqiu County, we have strengthened our ties with scientific research institutions, and have won many awards. In January 2003, honeysuckle in Fengqiu County obtained the registration protection of the mark of origin, and has become a fine product of the Chinese nation. Become an international famous brand product equivalent to South African diamonds and French wine. With a long history and excellent quality, it is also favored by many manufacturers at home and abroad. More than 80% of Fengqiu Honeysuckle is sold abroad through export trade every year. It has also been designated as a drug source base by some well-known large domestic pharmaceutical companies. Now Fengqiu Gold and Silver The flower planting scale is nearly 600,000 acres.
Xinmi City, Henan Province (formerly known as Mi County) is the hometown of honeysuckle in Henan Province. It has a long history of planting and has a long history. Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty mentioned in "Compendium of Materia Medica" that "honeysuckle comes from Wuzhi Mountain in Mi County" . "Mi County Chronicles" written in the 22nd year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty states that "honeysuckle has excellent taste and fragrance, and the growers in the mountains have benefited a lot." In the 1980 evaluation meeting held by the National Medical Administration in Beijing, Xinmi Honeysuckle was rated the best of its kind in the country, and was praised as the second-grade honeysuckle flower in the country. Therefore, it is praised as "the second flower in Mi County is the best in the world, and the first special-grade honeysuckle." Xinmi City honeysuckle has the characteristics of long flower strips, hard stubble, good color, pure texture, and strong flavor and fragrance. Its flower buds (two flowers), leaves and vines contain cyclohexanol, saponins, tannins, etc., which are good antibacterial drugs, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Diplococcus pneumoniae. Its leaves can be used externally to treat knife wounds, and the vine is also very effective in treating pain, swelling and sores. Its leaves are sweet and cold in nature, can whet the appetite, clear away heat and detoxify, treat thirst caused by heat in summer, and scabies due to heat poisoning. As a beverage, making tea and drinking it regularly can also nourish the lungs and spleen and prolong life.
2. Main distribution areas of mountain honeysuckle
Longhui mountain honeysuckle in Longhui County, Hunan Province is famous for its large area, high yield and good quality. The cultivated variety is Lonicera leucophylla. Mainly produced in the Zhongshan District in the northwest of Longhui County and the Xiaoshajiang area in the Zhongshan Original District. In 2003, the area has grown to 280,000 acres, with an output of 10,000 tons, stabilizing at more than 9,000 tons (dried flowers), accounting for 60% of the country's total mountain silver flower output.
Xiushan Mountain Silver Flower, Xiushan County, Chongqing City, is mainly produced around Xiushan, Pengshui and Youyang in Chongqing. Its self-bred seedling "Yulei No. 1" has fast growth, strong disease resistance, no flowering and budding. It is neat and has high yield. It can enter the peak production period in 3 years, with a yield of 200-250 kilograms of dried flowers per mu. Xiushan Mountain Silver Flower was planted in 1972, with a few years of interruption in the late 1990s, and large-scale planting began in 2000. So far, the base area of ??Shanyinhua has reached 230,000 acres, involving nearly 60,000 farmers in 25 towns including Zhongling, Aikou, Xiaoxi, Qingxichang, and Ganchuan. Among them, 4 towns have a base area of ??more than 10,000 acres. There are 11 towns with an area of ??more than 5,000 acres, 7 large households with an area of ??more than 2,000 acres, 16 large households with an area of ??more than 1,000 acres, and 238 large households with an area of ??more than 100 acres. The four major advantageous production areas of "Two Mountains and Two Gaits" centered on Taiyangshan, Pingyanggai, Chuanhegai and Niujiaoshan have taken shape. Xiushan is the largest honeysuckle base county in Chongqing, surpassing Longhui County in Hunan Province, Nanjiang County in Sichuan Province, and Anlong County in Guizhou Province to become the largest honeysuckle base county in western China and one with significant national influence.
The Sichuan "Nanjiang Honeysuckle" certification mark in Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province is the first to be officially registered by the National Trademark Office. Because the Nanjiang government attaches great importance to development and focuses on technical management, the annual output has stabilized at 2,000 tons. about. The output of Gulinshan Yinghua is second to that of the Nanjiang production area, but its high chlorogenic acid content is the first choice of many extraction manufacturers, with an annual output of about 1,000 tons.
Xingyi, Zunyi, Zheng'an, Qianxi and other places in Guizhou Province have introduced "Xiang Lei" annual grafted seedlings in the Hunan Honeysuckle Nursery Base for three consecutive years, reaching more than 25 million plants. Last year, the honeysuckle output reached about 2,000 tons. . The government's planned planting area is also 300,000 acres.
Mashan, Xincheng, Baise and other places in Guangxi Province have vigorously developed the characteristic honeysuckle industry through cutting, division, grafting and excavation and transplanting of wild honeysuckle seedlings in the mountains because of its high chlorogenic acid content. , with unique processing methods, golden color and no debris, it is favored by customers and beverage manufacturers in Guangdong, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hong Kong! Last year, Guangxi's honeysuckle production reached 2,000 tons. According to surveys, the honeysuckle planting area in Guilin, Liuzhou, Baise, Xincheng and other places in Guangxi is increasing significantly.
Mountain Yinhua wild resources are distributed in most areas across the country, such as Yunnan, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, etc. There are small amounts of wild resources, but due to their quantity A small majority is digested in the local market and rarely circulates in the national market.
Note: Honeysuckle, a plant of the Caprifoliaceae family, has also been introduced and transplanted in some southern provinces, but the scale is currently small and the output is small. Therefore, we cannot simply classify all the silver flowers produced in the south as mountain silver flowers.
This article was collected and compiled by Hu Juntao
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