The blue prints.the design is to be familiar with the construction drawings before construction, understand the engineering situation and problems such as errors, contradictions, unclear explanations and unreasonable design in the drawing design, and try to put forward these problems in time and solve them before construction.
The main contents are as follows:
I. Overall programme component
1, whether the room layout is reasonable (whether the orientation, lighting and ventilation meet the requirements, whether the traffic area is the smallest, whether there is an evacuation problem in an emergency, whether the furniture is convenient, whether the separation position and size of each functional room are reasonable, and whether the direction of drainage pipes is reasonable);
2. Whether the exterior wall decoration is in harmony with the environment and whether it can grasp the buyer's psychology;
3. Whether the auxiliary function space (balcony, terrace, home garden) is set reasonably, whether the field of vision is open and whether the angle is appropriate;
4. Whether the setting of septic tanks is reasonable, including the number, location and size of septic tanks and the distance from municipal drainage pipes, whether domestic sewage and physiological sewage are merged or diverted, and whether odor treatment is just right;
5. Whether the building positioning is reasonable, including whether the outdoor traffic is convenient, whether the future property management is easy, and whether the building spacing is reasonable (there are relevant regulations in architecture);
6 whether the supporting facilities are complete (including kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, supermarkets, hospitals, parks, stations, airports, etc.). ), and whether there are related facilities around the community if the layout cannot be completed;
7. Whether there are "four new" projects such as new technologies, new materials, new equipment and new methods used in this project, whether there are sub-projects with inconvenient construction and whether there are technically impossible projects; Whether the safety precautions are put forward in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on Safety Management of Construction Projects and whether the measures are appropriate;
8. Whether the choice of structural type is reasonable, first choose deep foundation or shallow foundation, what kind of pile is used for deep foundation, and independent foundation, box foundation, raft foundation or strip foundation is used for shallow foundation. Whether the choice of foundation type is the most economical compared with the local geological conditions, whether the main structure is brick-concrete structure, frame, shear wall, tube, tube-in-tube and frame-shear wall or other structures, and whether the structural type is the most reasonable (from both economic and technical aspects)
Second, the building part:
1. Whether the location of the building layout on the construction site plan is clear. (i.e. whether the coordinates of building control points are clear)
2. Whether the structural practices of each part in the general description of architectural design are clear. At the same time, compare the overall description of the design with the detailed description in the drawings to see if there are any contradictions.
3. Check whether the positions and dimensions of doors, windows, stairs, tube wells, reserved holes and other components on the building plan and elevation are clear; Check whether the details marked on the plan, elevation and section are consistent with the detailed drawings; Whether the details are complete, etc. Check the distance between the lintel epithelium of doors and windows and the lower skin of the main structure beam, whether it is convenient for future construction and whether there is an economical and convenient construction scheme that does not affect the structure; Check whether there are three stairs, whether the stairs are used as aisles, whether the clear height of the aisles meets the specification requirements and whether it meets the psychological requirements of villa users; Whether there are detailed structural practices at the edge of doors and windows, above doors and below windows, and whether the practices are reasonable;
4. Check whether the floors of balcony, toilet, bathroom and kitchen are several centimeters lower than the indoor floors. If the toilet uses a squatting pan, is its squatting position raised or lowered? Whether the drainage slope and water outlet of the bathroom and kitchen are reasonable, whether there is flooding or difficulty in treatment during construction, or whether the drawings are unclear; Is there any lien on the interface between indoor and outdoor units of air conditioner, and is the lien position reasonable? Is there a lien on the indoor and outdoor exhaust interface of kitchen range hood, and is its position reasonable?
4. Check whether the height and width of doors and windows marked on the plane conflict with structural beams, columns and lines on the facade.
5. Check whether the axis size and elevation are consistent, whether there is any contradiction, whether there is any size omission and whether there is any unreasonable structure according to the architectural drawing and structural drawing.
6. Check whether there are protective facilities when the clear height of the outer window sill is less than 900 from the ground.
7. Check whether the height and quantity of stair steps are consistent with the elevation, and whether the clear height of the upper and lower aisles of the stair platform and the clear height of the steps meet the specification requirements.
8. Check whether the details of joint treatment of roof waterproof insulation layer at cornice, gutter, deformation joint and parapet are clear.
9. Check whether the three dimensions are consistent on the same plane (plus one).
10, check whether the embedded position of hydropower installation is reasonable (whether it is too concentrated to affect the structure, whether it is too scattered to be conducive to construction)
1 1. Check whether the heights of stair handrails, balcony railings, parapets and window sills meet the requirements of residential design specifications;
12, check whether the slope direction of coping beam of parapet and balcony baffle is correct;
13, check whether the center of stairwell wall and the center line of beam and column are aligned or pulled (pulled properly and used well);
14, whether the villa structural columns occupy a larger position, and whether there are other options (such as changing rectangular columns into L-shaped columns and T-shaped columns, etc.). );
15. Check whether the living room has a wall with a minimum clear length of 3M (convenient for placing furniture), and check whether the traffic route of the living room is complicated and whether the traffic function is in contradiction with the use function;
16. Check whether the balcony terrace has awnings.
Third, the structural part:
1. Check whether there are any clauses in the general description of the structure that contradict or differ from the specification.
2. Check whether the sump and gutter on the basement floor collide with the foundation.
3. Construction joint practice of basement floor and basement retaining wall: when there is post-pouring belt, the practice of post-pouring belt. Check the distance between expansion joint and settlement joint, whether it meets the specification requirements;
4. Check the plane coordinates, dimensions and elevations of buildings and structures, and check whether there are any mistakes and omissions in the positions and dimensions of reserved holes and embedded parts related to HVAC, water supply and drainage, and equipment installation, and whether there are necessary details.
5. Columns, beams, plates and other components should have detailed and complete reinforcement plans, including detailed reinforcement plans of necessary sections and nodes. Check for any missing matches.
6. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.
7. Check the bedroom, living room and other rooms for light beams.
8. Check whether there are structural reinforcement details in the building details and whether there are structural details that need to be supplemented.
9. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.
10. Check whether the steel bar at the beam-column joint is too dense, whether it affects the construction, and whether there are different configurations of steel bars on both sides of the same bearing (this situation should be consistent as far as possible to avoid too many anchorage steel bars of the bearing, which will bring inconvenience to the construction, and of course, it is necessary to balance the economy and technology).
1 1. Check whether there is any obvious error in steel bar configuration (too large or too small), simply calculate the reinforcement ratio, and judge it according to the economy at the same time, and then give it to the design institute for determination. If the construction unit has the strength, it should ask the design institute to provide a full set of calculations for review;
12, check whether the structural reinforcement meets the specification requirements or not;
That's all I can think of at once. Please correct me if there is any repetition or inappropriateness. In addition, I downloaded the main points written by others online, and you may also download them. Attached here for your reference:
Key points of joint review of drawings
First, be familiar with the functions of the proposed project.
After you get the drawings, first understand what the function of this project is, is it a factory building or an office building? Is it a mall or a dormitory? After understanding the function, think of some basic sizes and decorations. For example, the floor of the bathroom is generally made of ceramic tiles, and the floor elevation of the bathroom and balcony buildings is generally a few centimeters lower; The scale of the workshop must meet the needs of production, especially the needs of equipment installation. Finally, read the architectural description and be familiar with the project decoration.
Second, be familiar with and review the plane dimensions of the project
The construction plan of a building project usually has three aspects. The first dimension is the detail dimension, the second dimension is the axis dimension and the third dimension is the total dimension. Check whether the sum of the first dimension is equal to the second dimension, whether the sum of the second dimension is equal to the third dimension, and pay attention to whether the edge axis is the center line of the wall. The drawing habit in Guangdong Province is that the side axis is the outer line of the external wall. Look at the size of the project plan, first understand the construction plan, then understand the construction plan of this floor, and finally understand the construction drawings of water, electricity and air conditioning installation, equipment technology and secondary decoration, and check whether they are consistent. After being familiar with the size of the apartment, check whether it meets the use requirements, such as checking whether the apartment is convenient to use and whether the lighting and ventilation are good. When reading the dimensions of the next floor plan, check whether there is any inconsistency with the upper floor plan.
Three, familiar with, audit project elevation size
Construction drawings of building projects generally include elevation, profile and stair profile, all of which have information about the elevation dimensions of the project; The elevation of this floor is generally marked on the building plan and construction plan; In the beam table, there is generally beam surface elevation; Basic details and other details are generally marked with elevation. Through these construction drawings, we can master the elevation dimensions of the project. Generally, the facade has three dimensions, the first is the detailed dimensions such as the height of windowsill, doors and windows, the second is the height dimension, and the facade is marked, and the third is the total height. The inspection method is the same as the size of each lane on the inspection plane, that is, whether the sum of the first lane sizes is equal to the second lane size and whether the sum of the second lane sizes is equal to the third lane size. Check whether the elevation of each floor in the elevation view is consistent with that in the building plan, and then check whether the elevation of the building is consistent with that of the building. The elevation of each floor in the construction drawing should not be exactly the same as that of the corresponding floor in the construction drawing, because the floor elevation in the construction drawing is the elevation after the project is completed, and the floor elevation in the construction drawing is only the elevation of the structural surface, excluding the height of the decoration surface. The construction drawing elevation of the same floor should be several centimeters higher than the construction drawing. Special attention should be paid to this point, because in some construction drawings, the construction icon is marked high on the corresponding construction drawing paper. If you don't pay attention, you will make mistakes in the construction.
Familiar with the elevation, mainly check whether the elevation of the top of doors and windows is consistent with the elevation of the bottom of the upper beam; Check whether the horizontal dimension and elevation of the stair tread are wrong, and check whether the vertical clearance size under the ladder beam is greater than 2. 1 m, and whether there is a meeting phenomenon; If there is a terrace on the middle floor, check whether the elevation of the terrace is lower than the indoor level; Check whether the floor of the bathroom and bathroom building is a few centimeters lower, if not, check whether there are measures to prevent overflow; Finally, combined with the installation of water, electricity and air conditioning, equipment technology and secondary decoration construction drawings, check whether the building height meets the functional requirements.
Four, check whether there are mistakes in the construction drawing.
Be familiar with the dimensions of construction projects, and then check whether there are any mistakes in the construction drawings. The main inspection contents are as follows:
1, check whether the slope direction of parapet concrete coping is inward.
2, check whether there is a beam under the brick wall.
3, beam on the structural plane, whether all the reinforcement in the beam table.
4. Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.
5. Beams, slabs and columns are similar in the same span, but there are great differences in reinforcement. If there are any, they need to be re-inspected.
6. When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the beam exceeds the thickness of the wall.
7. When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam extends out of the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment.
8. Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced beams meets the requirements of construction acceptance specifications. When ribbed threaded steel bars are used in this project, because the workers bend the steel bars when processing them, the diameter of the steel bars should be the original steel bar diameter plus the rib thickness of about 21mm.
9. Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door of the construction drawing.
10, when the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications are different. As often mentioned in the list, on the same section, the number of columns that can overlap on each side is less than 4 columns. However, the construction acceptance specification requires that the overlapping area of steel bars in the same section shall not exceed 50%.
1 1. Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, details, content and construction description in the beam-column table.
12, the single foundation system is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.
Five, review the original construction drawing for improvement.
This paper mainly puts forward suggestions for improving the original construction drawing from three aspects: it is beneficial to engineering construction, it is beneficial to ensuring building quality and it is beneficial to engineering aesthetics.
1, and put forward suggestions for improving the construction drawing from the perspective of being beneficial to the project construction.
① The adjacent span of continuous frame beam on the structural plane will be larger. When the negative moment reinforcement of the intermediate bearing is anchored separately, the reinforcement at the beam-column joint will be too dense and the concrete will not be compacted easily. It can be suggested to designers that negative reinforcement can be connected as much as possible.
(2) When the negative reinforcement of the bearing is full-length, it will cause the beam surface reinforcement with small span and small beam width to be too dense to pour concrete. It can be suggested that under the premise of ensuring the negative reinforcement of the beam, the Liang Kuan of each span should be kept consistent as far as possible, and only the height of the beam should be adjusted, so as to facilitate gluten connection and concrete pouring.
(3) When the structural modeling is complex, it is difficult to complete the structural construction of a certain part at one time, how to keep the concrete construction joints is proposed to the designer.
(4) After the elevation of the floor is lowered, if there is a beam in the middle of the floor, and this beam is connected to the room, whether the reinforced bar of the beam is bent or anchored separately at the lowered place, please design and deal with it.
2. Put forward opinions on modifying the construction drawing from the aspects that are beneficial to the quality of the construction project.
(1) When the ceiling plastering and wall plastering are designed as 1: 1: 6 mixed mortar, it can be suggested to change the ceiling plastering to 1: 1: 4 mixed mortar to increase the cohesive force.
(2) When the requirements for waterproof construction of elevator pit, bathroom sink and fire pool are not indicated on the construction drawing, it is suggested to add cement mortar waterproof layer on the outer wall of the pit and the inner wall of the sink to improve the waterproof quality.
3. It is suggested to improve the construction drawing from the perspective of architectural aesthetics.
(1) If the parapet of the terrace is connected with the external window, check whether the height of the parapet is higher than the window sill. If it is, the joint is not beautiful, and it is recommended to design and deal with it.
(2) Check whether the color separation line of the exterior wall facing is connected. If not, it is recommended to converge at the internal corner; When there is no obvious dividing line between the outer wall and the inner wall, ask the designer whether the wall decoration extends to the position of the inner wall and whether the top surface and bottom surface of the protruding part of the outer wall are used as the outer wall decoration.
(3) When the column section size decreases gradually with the rise of the floor, if the column protrudes from the external wall and becomes an elevation decorative line, it is suggested not to reduce the column section of the protruding part to make the width of the line consistent.
(4) When the column is arranged at the corner of the brick wall in the building plane, and the corner of the brick wall is less than 900, if the square column is still used in the structural design, it can be suggested to change the square column into a polygonal column according to the building plane to avoid the column angle protruding from the wall and affecting the use and beauty.
⑤ When there is a frame column protruding 10 ~ 20 cm from the left wall of the elevator hall (foreroom), check whether the right column protrudes by the same size. If not, it is suggested to modify it to symmetry.
According to the procedures and ideas of "be familiar with the functions of the proposed project, the plane dimensions of the project, the elevation dimensions of the project, check the error-prone parts in the construction drawing, and check whether there is any need for improvement", carry out the drawing approval work in a planned and comprehensive way.