Jinhua two-head black pig breed Jinhua pig body appearance

Jinhua pig body size is medium to small. The ears are medium large, drooping no more than the corners of the mouth, and there are wrinkles on the forehead. The neck is thick and short. The back is slightly concave, the abdomen is large and slightly sagging, and the hips are relatively sloping. The limbs are short and thin, and the hooves are solid and jade-colored. Thin skin, sparse hair, and thin bones. The coat color is characterized by white in the middle and black at both ends, that is, black skin and black hair on the head, neck, buttocks and tail, white skin and white hair in the middle of the body, and a "halo" of black skin and white hair at the junction of black and white. Therefore, it is also called "Two-headed Crow". Or "Jinhua Two Black Pigs", but there are also a few pigs with black spots on their backs. The number of nipples is mostly 15-17. According to the statistics of 975 pigs from Jinhua Breeding Farm, the number of nipples is 16.05±0.03. The breasts are well developed and the nipples are strong and elastic.

Based on the head shape, Jinhua pigs can be divided into three types: longevity head type, mouse head type and intermediate type, which are now called large, small and medium types. The Shou-shaped head has a slightly larger body, more and deeper wrinkles on the forehead, and a slightly thicker structure. Historically, it was mostly distributed in Jinhua and Yiwu counties. The mouse-shaped head has smaller individuals, a narrower and longer mouth tube, a smoother forehead, and a thicker structure. Compact and delicate, with a narrow and flat back, thinner ribs, slower growth, but better meat quality, and are mostly distributed in Dongyang County. The intermediate type is between the two, with a moderate body shape, a moderate head length, and a small amount of shallow forehead. It has wrinkles, a long and straight back, and strong limbs. It is a type that is widely raised in the production area.

Growth and development of Jinhua pigs

According to a rural survey, the weight of 6-month-old boars (213 heads) is 30.98±0.35 kg; the weight of sows (934 heads) is 34.15±0.20 kg. According to the measurement of 6-month-old breeding pigs on the state-owned farm, the weight of the boars (83 heads) is 34.01±0.43 kg, the body length is 83.71±0.48 cm, the chest circumference is 71.43±0.19 cm, and the body height is 46.37±0.12 cm; the sows (137 heads) are correspondingly ;41.16±0.88 kg, 88.38±0.94 cm, 76.02±0.60 cm, 47.79±0.30 cm.

Under rural conditions, the weight of adult boars (20 heads) is 111.879±3.26 kg, the body length is 127.82±0.75 cm, the chest circumference is 113.05±1.40 cm, and the body height is 73.92±0.61 cm; adult sows (126 heads) ) correspond to: 97.13±0.72 kg, 122.56±0.25 cm, 106.27±0.42 cm, 61.499: 0.08 cm. Compared with the results of the rural survey in 1954, the indicators of boars increased by 64.51, 22.21, milk.06, and 24.99 respectively; the indicators of sows increased by 24.53, 15.18, 12.95, and 10.83. This is closely related to the changes in feed conditions caused by the change of the farming system from the old three crops of rice to one of rice and wheat since 1958, the changes in the public's requirements for pig breeds, as well as the improvement of feeding management and the progress of breeding. relation.

Reproductive performance of Jinhua pigs

According to the measurement of the Dongyang County Breeding Farm, the testicles of young boars can produce sperm as early as 64 days of age and weighing 11 kilograms, and can be harvested at 101 days of age. The quality of the semen obtained is similar to that of an adult boar. The ovaries of sows have well-developed follicles at 60-75 days of age, and red bodies are present at 110 days of age and weighing 28 kilograms, which proves that sexual maturity is early. Male and female pigs in rural areas are generally bred for the first time when they are about 5 months old and weigh 25-30 kilograms. However, in recent years, the initial breeding period has been delayed.

According to statistics from state-owned breeding farms in recent years, the average number of sows with three or more parities is 13.78, the survival rate is 97.17, the newborn litter weight is 8.93 kg, the newborn individual weight is 0.65 kg, and the 20-day-old The litter weight was 32.49 kg. At 60 days of age, 11.68 animals were produced per litter, the feeding rate was 87.23, the weaning litter weight was 116.34 kg, and the weaning individual weight was 9.96 kg. Compared with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, both the birth weight, weaning weight and weaning litter weight have increased significantly, and the number of litters born in the second litter has also increased, but the number of litters in the third and above litters has basically increased. similar.

The price of two black pigs. In the past few years, the price, which was several times higher than that of ordinary pork, had deterred some citizens. Nowadays, with the improvement of living standards, more and more citizens "would rather eat less than eat well." Wu Xuzhen said that the current average price of two heads of black pork is 100 yuan per kilogram, and consumers generally accept this price. ,

The cost price of "Two-headed Crow" is 21 yuan/catty

The price of "Two-headed Crow" is so high, why is the breeding volume not high? The reporter also interviewed pig farmers.

Zhang Kangji from Xinxia Village, Cangqian Town, Yongkang City, has raised three to four hundred "two-headed crows" for six years. He is also a villager who raises "two-headed crows" in the village.

Zhang Kangji was entrusted to be raised by a meat food company, and the purchase price was no less than 13 yuan/jin. Zhang Kangji's annual income from raising "two-headed crows" is 100,000 to 200,000 yuan.

"If I were asked to raise and sell it myself, I would definitely not do it. The cost of raising 'two-headed crow' is too high and I will lose money." Zhang Kangji said.

Zhang Kangji made a calculation: ordinary pigs can be put out in four to five months, weighing more than 200 kilograms, and can produce 1,560 kilograms of meat; "two-headed black pigs" need to be raised for eight or nine times. Months, only more than 120 kilograms, can kill sixty or seventy kilograms of meat; ordinary pigs can eat fish meal, but the food of "two-headed black" is grass, corn and sweet potato leaves. Zhang Kangji specially planted a few pigs for this purpose. There are acres of sweet potatoes and two people are hired to help. Each person earns 90 yuan per day.

The merchant who entrusted Zhang Kangji to breed is Zhejiang Weifeng Meat Food Co., Ltd.

Yang Zhenwei, the general manager of "Weifeng", is a native of Yongkang. He used to be in the pork business and spotted the business opportunity of "Two-Ended Crow". In 2002, he and his wife Fu Meizhen started raising "Two-headed Crow". Now, the company has two pig farms with 8,000 to 9,000 pigs, and develops purebred "Liangtouwu" production in the form of "company + base + farmer".

“We still use the traditional way of raising pigs in rural areas. We only eat mustard greens, ryegrass, bitter hemp, sweet potato vines, etc., without adding compound feed. The price of the 'two-headed black pig' raised in this way is naturally high. " Fu Meizhen said that the cost of raising each "two-headed black" is about 1,500 yuan, and the cost price of pork is 21 yuan/jin.

Nutrition value of two-headed black pork. The reason why two-headed black pork is popular is not because it is cute. Its excellent genes are the key to good pork.

Generally, the pork belly of a pig has five layers including the meat, fat, skin and flowers, while the two-headed civet weighing more than 200 kilograms can have 7 to 8 layers.

Don’t be scared by so many layers of fat. The two-headed blackberries actually taste moderately fat and lean. The secret lies in the rich inosinic acid in the muscles and the higher unsaturated fatty acids than ordinary pigs, which avoids the saturated fatty acids. It has a greasy feel without losing the meaty flavor. Even people who don't like fat meat will probably find it difficult to refuse.

How does a two-headed crow grow?

Time

In the eyes of pig farmers, taking good care of a two-headed crow requires nothing more than two The key: patience and time.

Ordinary white pigs can gain about 40 pounds in one month and can be ready for slaughter in about 4 months. However, the growth cycle of the two-headed blackbird is very slow, and it eats a lot of feed. It takes 5 or 6 kilograms of feed to grow one kilogram of meat, and it can only grow about 10 kilograms a month. Therefore, it takes a full 15 months to be ready for slaughter.

Feed

Liangtouwu has high requirements for feed. It usually eats vegetables and pure natural grain feed. Depending on the growth status, pig farmers will also feed it broccoli and Chinese herbal leaves to control obesity and reduce the incidence of disease.

This shows how hard it is for pig farmers to grow a two-headed crow.

Exercise

The meat of Liangtouwu is not only full of elasticity, but also has a rich aroma. This beautiful texture is the result of years of exercise and healthy diet.

In order to maintain the healthy body shape of the two-headed crow, some farms are even willing to build an exclusive back garden for it, so that it can run freely in the garden and develop a healthy and beautiful body shape. It can be said to be a "model among pigs" ".

Prospects of two-headed black pig breeding Since 2015, the sales of two-headed black pig meat have begun to increase. The current average sales price has reached 90 to 110 yuan per kilogram, and is sold to Hangzhou, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places.

Two Wuji Jinhua pigs are one of the four famous pigs in China, with a breeding history of more than 1,600 years. As a local pig breed, Liangtouwu has become the raw material for making Jinhua ham because of its thin skin and fine bones on its hind legs and its hard and white meat. For experienced foodies, two-headed black-bone pork is rich in muscle fat. The muscles are bright red, tender and juicy, and have a good taste. Therefore, in history, Jinhua's two black pigs reached the pinnacle of glory. At its peak, the breeding population in Jinhua alone exceeded 2 million, and it was even used as a "national gift" on diplomatic occasions.

There is a lot of good news about Jinhua Two Black Pigs. For example, Jinhua Two Black Pigs have been identified as agricultural products with geographical indication protection by the Ministry of Agriculture. In August this year, the Jinhua Two Black Pigs industry transformation and upgrading project was also confirmed. It is the second batch of major agricultural projects in Zhejiang Province and has received policy support of 50 million yuan.

Jinhua plans to implement 6 projects, build 50 two-headed black pig product stores and franchise stores, develop 100 chain supermarkets and farmers’ market sales points, and create a one-stop e-commerce for the Jinhua two-headed black pig industry. The service platform also has a Two-Headed Black Pig Cultural Center, improved two ham expo halls, applied for a "certification trademark", declared an agricultural cultural heritage project, held a comprehensive festival with the theme of Two-Headed Black Pig Culture, and produced Two-Headed Black Pig Culture film and television works, build the Two Black Pig Ecological Sightseeing Park and cultural theme restaurant, and expand its leisure and tourism functions.

The goal is to adjust the structure of pig breeding varieties in 3 to 5 years without increasing the total number of pigs, so that 100,000 Jinhua Two-Head Black Pigs can be produced annually and Jinhua Two-Head Black ham can be produced. 200,000; together with the extended industrial production value of 500 million yuan, farmers' income increased by 300 million yuan and the per capita income of local farmers increased by more than 5,000 yuan, providing a demonstration model for the protection, development and utilization of local varieties in Zhejiang Province and even the country.

Is it profitable to raise two black pigs? In the past two years, with its excellent taste and green and safe quality, Liangtou Black Pork has slowly opened up the market in other places. "After the chairman of Shanghai Xiaonanguo Group tasted the lion's head made from two black pigs, he immediately decided to develop a series of cuisines for the two black pigs." Xu Bin told reporters that at present, "Yue Jiangnan" has become the signature dish of Grandma's House in Hangzhou and the two black pigs in Shanghai Xiaonanguo. Pork suppliers.

However, the market has opened up, but the scale of breeding has been hindered. "Only half of Xiaonanguo's stores supply a limited supply of two black pigs per day. The supply of pork belly alone is 200 tons per year, which is equivalent to 40,000 to 50,000 black pigs. Our slaughter volume this year is less than 5,000. There will only be 6,500 to 7,000 heads next year." Xu Bin scratched his head.

The same problem also faces "Zhen Qiyuan". Wu Xuzhen told reporters that some customers from Guangzhou were interested in cooperating recently, but after seeing the current breeding scale of "Zhen Qiyuan", they had to give up the idea of ??huge investment.

How many of the two-headed crows are currently being raised? Data from the Jinhua Animal Husbandry Bureau shows that the current annual slaughter volume of Jinhua Liangdouwu is 75,000 to 80,000, and the number of sows on hand is more than 5,000. It only accounts for 3-4 of the annual pig slaughter volume in Jinhua area.

The output is small, the size is small, the breeding cycle is long, and the cost is high. The overall economic benefits are therefore limited, which ultimately leads to the slow increase in the breeding number of the two-headed crow.