Mount Fanjing, formerly known as "Three Valleys", is located in tongren city, Guizhou Province, and is named after the Pure Land of Brahma. Fanjing Mountain was awarded the "Top Ten Summer Mountain in China" in 28 and 29, and it is the fifth famous Buddhist mountain in China, along with Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang, Emei Mountain in Sichuan and Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui. Fanjing Mountain is the main peak and symbol of Wuling Mountain. [2] Located in Tongren District in the northeast of Guizhou Province, the main peak of Hongyun Jinding is 2336 meters above sea level, and the highest peak of Fenghuang Mountain is 2572 meters above sea level. The entrance of Fanjing Mountain is 8 kilometers away from tongren city and 46 kilometers away from Guiyang, the provincial capital.

Natural resources

Fanjing Mountain has preserved a rare subtropical primary ecosystem in the world. Fanjing Mountain has preserved a rare subtropical primary ecosystem in the world, and has left behind ancient rare species 7 million to 2 million years ago. There are 261 species of organisms, including 18 species of plants, and 21 species of rare plants are listed as national key protected plants, accounting for 43% of the total protected plants in Guizhou Province. There are 81 species of animals and 382 species of vertebrates, and 19 species are listed as national key protected animals, accounting for 68% of the total protected animals in Guizhou Province. Fanjing Mountain also has many rare species, such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata.

human history

Fanjing Mountain is a famous cultural mountain with a history of more than 2, years in southwest China. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fanjing Mountain belonged to the "middle land of Guizhou" of Chu State, the "middle county of Guizhou" of Qin Dynasty and the "Wuling County" of Han Dynasty, and has been a sacred mountain worshipped by "Wulin Man" ever since. [7]

Fanjing Mountain was officially recorded in the history books, which began in the Han Dynasty. The History of Han Geography called Fanjing Mountain "Three Valleys"; The Northern Wei Dynasty's Notes on Water Classics was called "Three Valleys". The Records of Yuanhe County in Tang Dynasty was renamed as "Chenshan". In the Song Dynasty, Taiping Universe was called "Siqiong Mountain", and Buddhism was introduced into Fanjing Mountain at this time. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Fanjing Mountain was already a famous Buddhist mountain, which was also called "Jiulong Mountain", "Fanwei Mountain" and "Giant Buddha Mountain". [8] In the Qing Dynasty, Fanjing Mountain was called "Moon Mirror Mountain" and "Zhuoshan Mountain".

introduction of Buddhism

Fanjing Mountain is a famous Millennium Buddhist mountain in southwest China. In the Song Dynasty, Buddhism was officially introduced into Fanjing Mountain. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, Xiyan Temple (now the suburb of Yinjiang County), an earlier temple in Guizhou Province, was built in Siqiong

county at the foot of the mountain. (Daoguang) The Yinjiang County Records says: "Xiyan Temple ... was built in Song Dynasty." "Sinan Fuzhi" says: "Xiyan Temple was built in West Wuli (Yinjiang) County in Song Dynasty." "An Overview of Places of Interest in Guizhou" says: "There are temples in Xiyan and traces of Song Dynasty." Xiyan Temple was built in Gande, Zhao Kuangyin, North Song Taizu in 965. It was rebuilt many times in the past dynasties and was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. It is a famous ancient temple with a history of 1, years in Guizhou, and it is actually the ancestral hall of Buddhism in Fanjing Mountain.

the rise of Buddhism

in the early Ming dynasty, the Ming government mined cinnabar and gold mines in Fanjing Mountain area, and sent officials to supervise them. Because of the magical scenery of Fanjing Mountain, Buddhism flourished and became the "pure land of Brahma" that monks yearned for, so it was officially named "Fanjing Mountain", and the people called it "Big Buddha Mountain". In the early Ming Dynasty, besides rebuilding Xiyan Temple in Fanjing Mountain, temples such as Tianma Temple were also built. In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1413), there was a war between Sinan Tusi and Sizhou Tusi for cinnabar, and the Ming government changed the land to the stream, and set up Sinan, Tongren, Songtao and Shiqian in the area around Fanjing Mountain. In the same year, Guizhou Province was formally established.

In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, two hundred years later, Fanjing Mountain was called "Famous Historic Mountain" because of its ancient Buddhist Dojo. Guizhou Governor Guo Zizhang (now from Jiangxi Province) wrote "Qian Ji" (168) containing the cloud of Fanjing Mountain: "Fanjing Mountain is the first in Guizhou, comparable to the rooftop." At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang poet Xie Guogeng lived in seclusion in Fanjing Mountain after failing to resist Qing Dynasty, and he named himself "Tiantai Yiren".

Buddhist culture

Fanjing Mountain is rich in Buddhist culture.

Temples

There are many temples built in the past dynasties, with hundreds of large and small temples, among which the 48-foot Temple, one of the four great imperial temples, is the most famous. The Huguo Temple, one of the four great imperial temples, covers an area of 3, square meters, and its temple production covers more than 3 miles around. The Sakyamuni Hall and the Maitreya Hall were built in the Ming Dynasty on the Jinding, with the Sakyamuni Hall on the left, the Maitreya Hall on the right and the Golden Knife Gorge in the middle. The overpass spans the gorge to communicate the two halls. There is a huge stone behind the temple, a platform for sunbathing and a platform for talking. This group of buildings is located at the top of Fanjing Mountain, facing a deep valley of more than 1, meters. Looking around, it has a panoramic view of a hundred miles, which is very spectacular. Cheng 'en Temple (commonly known as Shang Tea Hall) is located on the left side of Jinding, with three main halls, five words "Cheng 'en Temple" inscribed on the front door, eight halls on both sides, and only some residual walls, with a total construction area of 1,25 square meters. Zhenguo Temple (commonly known as Xiacha Temple) was built under Chengen Temple in the Ming Dynasty and collapsed in the 195s. There are many ancient temples in Jinding, and there are many sites such as Huixiangping, Laojinding and Yuantong Hall, but unfortunately there are few written materials.

Stele Cliff

The stele "Preface to Rebuild the Jinding of Fanjing Mountain" is located at the foot of the old Jinding, 5 meters northeast of Jinding, with an altitude of 2,27 meters. It was built in the forty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1618), and its cap has fallen off. However, the stele-inlaid workshop, the drum-shaped foot guard and the thick abutment are still intact. The forehead is engraved with the word "gift", so it is commonly known as the gift tablet. It is forbidden to cut down mountain forest monuments, * * * two pieces, respectively engraved in the twelfth year of Qing Daoguang (1832). In December, the notice signed by Lin Qing, the governor of Guizhou Province, and Li Wengeng, the provincial judge of Guizhou Province was taken care of. In September 1985, it was listed as a provincial-level protected cultural relic.

the memorial tablet of Fanjing Mountain

The full name of the memorial tablet is Preface Tablet of Rebuilding the Jinding of Fanjing Mountain, which was built by Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty. It is located under the Laojingding of Fanjing Mountain, with a height of 2.9 meters, a height of 1.85 meters and a width of 1.51 meters, and a vertical inscription. The inscription is known as regular script, with 1349 words, including 838 words in preface and 516 words in attachment. Its preface to the monument is beautiful and beautiful, which is the eternal swan song of Fanjing Mountain. [11]

Bridge

The stone arch bridge with flyover over Jindaoxia is spectacular, flying over the thousands of feet. The bridge deck is 1.86 meters wide, 5.41 meters long and the arch span is 5 meters. It should be built in the same age as the Sakyamuni and Maitreya halls. The second overpass is at Jindingyao, with a height of 3.9 meters and a width of 3 meters. It was repaired in the ninth year of Yongzheng (1731). These two bridges are well preserved so far.

Cave

Guanyin Cave is located in the hollow of Jinding Mid-Levels, with a stone wall on the outside and lava springs gushing out, which belongs to the worship place of Jinding Mid-Levels. Jiuhuang Cave, about 1 km north of Jinding, is a natural stone cave with an area of more than 1 square meters. It is said that the entrance of Jiuhuang Niang's practice place is made of stone, and there are Huangniang's dressing well and grinding stone in the cave.

the fifth is the Qifeng Jingshi. Jinding is about 9 meters high and 2493 meters above sea level. The middle crack is called Jindaoxia, which divides Jinding into two parts and is connected by an overpass. Around Jinding, ten thousand volumes of scriptures, mushroom rocks, eagle rocks and "wash your hands in a golden basin" are lifelike. The old Jinding is in various poses, and tind is in harmony with each other. The Prince Shi Yifeng of Oxtail Valley in Baizhang abyss stands upright, which is a must.

sea of clouds and waves

Seen from Jinding, there are endless white clouds, and the dense places are like new flocs piled up; When sparse, it looks like a thin washed gauze. Faced with this scene, the Qing people have a poem: "In a blink of an eye, where the clouds meet, move out of thin air and become immortals."

Phantom of Buddha's Light

Every time before 9 am or after 4 pm in Chu Qing after the rain, colorful rings appear in the clouds opposite to the sun, with figures embedded in them and people moving. In the night when the fire shines, there will be a projection dozens of times taller than people in the dense fog, that is, a phantom.

eight is the red leaves of mountain flowers. The red flowers and green leaves in Fanjing Mountain are unbeaten in four seasons. Davidia involucrata, Rhododendron and Magnolia are graceful in the vast forest, and they are open in turn all year round. Visitors are fascinated by the ocean of flowers. For hundreds of years, good men and women from Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other countries came to worship, and there was an endless stream. "cui wei did not reduce the five mountains, and the supernatural spread for centuries" and "If the city is natural" showed the grand occasion of Buddhism at that time.

Fanjing Mountain is full of Buddhist culture, from the stone carvings of Jinding Cliff to the ruins of temples, from folk stories and legends to folk customs. Although, due to human activities in modern society, forests and animals have been greatly reduced, the reputation of the earth's "emerald" with its original ecology and rare animals and plants such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata has increased greatly. It has become an important destination for Buddhist cultural tourism and eco-tourism in China.

Maitreya Bodhisattva

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the legend of Maitreya and Fanjing Mountain has been widely circulated among local people. The ancients built two temples, namely Sakyamuni and Maitreya, on top of the peak of Xinjinding, as the highest symbol of Buddhism in Fanjing Mountain. In the Ming Dynasty, Maitreya and Fanjing Mountain were specially recorded in the "Ci-Ci Monument", and Fanjing Mountain was called "a paradise with boundless dharma".

during the Wanli period of the Ming dynasty and the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty, Fanjing Mountain was sealed twice, requiring the official government to protect Fanjing Mountain "one main hall, four imperial temples and 48 foot temples", and the "Dusi Yamen" was set up in the late Qing dynasty to protect it.

The Maitreya Dojo in Fanjing Mountain has a magical natural landscape to prove it. Wonderful "Buddha's Light" and "Phantom" can often be seen near the new and old Jinding. The ancients thought that "Buddha's Light" and "Phantom" were "Maitreya Visualization" and bowed down devoutly. In addition, from the "Buddha worship platform" on the Chaoshan ancient road on the west road, Fanjing Mountain presents a scene where three Maitreya statues are juxtaposed: the old Jinding is a Maitreya sitting statue, the new Jinding is a golden monkey worshipping Maitreya statue, and the three main peaks are connected, which is a Maitreya reclining statue of 1, meters long. Zhang Ke, a famous late writer in Guizhou, looked at Fanjing Mountain from Mituo Temple in Yinjiang County, more than a hundred miles away, and also found that Jinding was a huge statue of Maitreya.

In view of this, the old monk Huihai, president of Guizhou Buddhist Association, redefines Fanjing Mountain as the Maitreya Dojo. Qi Xiaofei, deputy director of the State Bureau of Religious Affairs, and Master Xue Cheng, vice president and secretary general of the Chinese Buddhist Association, visited Fanjing Mountain.

On September 23rd, 24, the "China Fanjing Mountain Buddhist Culture Seminar" was held at the Huguo Temple in Yinjiang. On behalf of the Chinese Buddhist Association, Wei Lin, the great monk Xuecheng, gave a speech, saying that "Fanjing Mountain is a famous Maitreya Bodhisattva Dojo in China, which is connected with Manjusri Bodhisattva Dojo in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province, Bodhisattva Dojo in Emei Mountain, Bodhisattva Dojo in Jiuhua Mountain, Anhui Province, and Guanyin Bodhisattva Dojo in Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province.

On May 15th, 25, on the eighth day of April in the ancient calendar, the first "Buddha Birthday Festival of China Fanjing Mountain Huguo Temple" was held in Yinjiang to commemorate Sakyamuni's 2549th birthday. They fully affirmed the position of Fanjing Mountain in the history of Buddhism in China. Master Xuecheng once again affirmed Fanjing Mountain as "the five famous Buddhist mountains in China" and personally inscribed the name of "Maitreya Bodhisattva Dojo in Fanjing Mountain". The monument stands in Huguo Temple in Yinjiang County, and it is the "treasure of the town" together with more than ten newly unearthed Ming Buddha statues in the temple.