Li Bai took the pot and went to make wine.
When he met a shop, he doubled the amount.
When he saw flowers, he drank a bucketful of wine.
Three encounters with shops and flowers,
Drink up all the wine in the pot.
How much wine was originally in the jug?
This is an interesting limerick. This poem was originally a calculation question, which means that Li Bai originally had wine in his pot, and he would double the amount of wine in the pot every time he met a shop; then, Li Bai saw flowers and began to drink and compose poems. , every time you drink, drink a dou of wine (a dou is an ancient wine vessel). Repeat this three times, and finally drink all the wine in the pot.
Please calculate how much wine is in Li Bai’s pot
Looking through ancient Chinese literary works, there are many famous writers who have written many popular drinking poems. Among them, Cao Cao’s "On Wine" "Drunken Songs", Tao Yuanming's twenty "Drinking Poems", Li Bai's "About Drinking", Du Fu's "Drunken Songs", Lu You's "Drunken Songs Upstairs", Su Shi's "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc. It is an immortal work that will be passed down to future generations. But to talk about the profound cultural connotation and broad positive significance of their wine poems, Li Bai, the poet of the Tang Dynasty, should be recommended first.
Li Bai is a representative writer in the poetry world of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and another great romantic poet in the history of Chinese literature after Qu Yuan. He was mainly active during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of Xuanzong. This period was a period when the Tang Empire was unprecedentedly prosperous and powerful, but also lurked with various social contradictions and crises. His drinking poems reflected the characteristics of this period. This article explores the cultural connotation and positive significance of his drinking.
1. Convey love through wine and send poems to friends
Wine is an ancient and civilized beverage and a special food that satisfies people's material and spiritual lives. It has many functions for people. Among them, it is used to convey feelings and mediate friendship. It has been a common behavior of people since ancient times. Li Bai conveyed his love through wine and gave poems to his friends, which enriched the cultural connotation of his drinking poems.
In "Li Bai and Du Fu", Guo Moruo calculated that Li Bai's drinking poems accounted for 16% of his total works, and farewell poems accounted for a large proportion of his drinking poems. Li Bai drank wine and wrote poems as gifts to his friends. Most of these poems expressed his sincere feelings and deep friendship for his friends. For example, "Jinling Wine Shop Leaves a Farewell": "The wind blows the willow flowers and fills the shop with fragrance, and Wu Ji presses wine to encourage guests to taste it. The children of Jinling come to see each other off, whether they want to go or not, everyone has a drink. Please ask Dongliu Shui, who is short of you? "This poem describes the situation of the poet and the Jinling disciples drinking when they parted. The author compares his feelings of separation with his friends to Dong, which shows the poet's deep affection and friendship to the Jinling disciples. "Inscribed on Dai Lao Hotel" says: "In Ji Sou's Huangquan, old spring should still be brewed. If there is no Li Bai on the night table, who can sell wine?" The memorial to an ordinary winemaker expresses deep feelings in simple language, which is very touching. It also shows Li Bai's cherishment of friendship. Li Bai despised the princes and ministers, and was close to Pingfa and loved the merchants. Du Fu said: "Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about drinking wine and slept in a restaurant on Chang'an Street. The emperor couldn't get on the boat when he called him, so he claimed that he was a wine immortal." The poet got drunk and slept in a citizen's house on the street. The emperor ignored him, which shows that he had a strong friendship with the common people. Otherwise, how could he be like this? "Going down to Zhongnan Mountain and passing through Husi Mountain where people stayed and bought wine", "Fan the layman in the north of Lu City lost his way and lost his way, fell into the cocklebur, saw Fan Chi wine and picked cocklebur", and "Gift to Wang Lun" are also works of this type. Through the above brief analysis, Li Bai's love for friends and common people are particularly prominent in his drinking poems. Wine became the bond between him and his friends, and the poet's strong "drinking passion" has always been appreciated by future generations.
2. Use wine to help poetry, poetry and wine name
It is very common in the history of literature that masterpieces are produced after drinking, and poetry becomes famous and wine is famous. Bai Juyi's long poem "Pipa Tour", Wang Ji's "Giving Cheng Cheng Shishi", "Dukang Wine" in Cao Cao's "Singing to Wine", and "Shuanggou" in Su Shi's "Sizhou Chu Jiujiu Snow in the Snow" The Envoy Sends Drinking Wine "Isn't wine the wine that is famous all over the world after drinking masterpieces and poetry?
This is especially true for Li Bai. Du Fu said that he could write a hundred poems after drinking a dou of wine. Du Fu said that he could write a hundred poems after drinking a dou of wine. Although this is an exaggeration, it can be seen the relationship between Li Bai's drinking and poetry creation. While he was drinking, he became very enthusiastic about his poems and wrote the following poem: "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and rushes to the sea and never returns. If you don't see it, the mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like blue silk and turns to snow at dusk! If you are proud of life, you must have all the joy, don't you? Make the gold bottle empty and face the moon. I am destined to be useful. The bells, drums, food and jade are not valuable, but I hope I will never wake up after being drunk for a long time. Only the drinkers leave their names." This poem has a heroic spirit and unrestrained language, showing the poet's uninhibited, arrogant and conceited character. Li Bai's poems are often written out of excitement, and his writing style is smooth and smooth, just like the inspiration caused by drinking. According to Huang Yanbai's "Wine" "Reviews of Famous Chinese Drinkers Part Two", it is recorded that Li Bai has more than 70 masterpieces about drinking, among which "Song of Xiangyang", "Jianjin Wine", "Yin of Liang Yuan", "Reply to the Twelve Colds of the King" "Drinking Alone at Night with Feelings", "Asking the Moon for Wine", "Drinking Alone under the Moon", and "Sending Du Erfu off at Dongshimen in Lu County" are immortal works that have been passed down to later generations. Jiuzhu became Li Bai's poem and made him famous all over the world. But conversely speaking, Li Bai's poems add luster to wine. It can be said that Li Bai brings more beauty to wine than wine brings to Li Bai's poems. For example: "Shixian Taibaijiu" from Wanxian area in Sichuan has been rated as a famous wine by the ministry, province and city many times. In 1959, it was recommended as the wine for the 10th anniversary of the National Day banquet at the national wine evaluation meeting. In 1984, the National Tourism Administration "Taibaijiu" is marketed in Japan, with an annual sales volume of more than 5,700 tons. It sells well both at home and abroad, bringing huge economic benefits to the factory. In addition, Li Bai's image or his drinking famous sayings are often used as registered trademarks in alcohol advertisements. Signboards such as "Zui Taibai", "Taibai Tower" or "Taibai Legacy" are also more fragrant and sweet in urban and rural trademarks and signature wines and taverns. Therefore, Li Bai used wine to assist his poems, and his poems and wine names still have profound cultural significance today.
3. Send wine as a trace and use wine to drown sorrows
Wine can provide temporary relief to ancient literati from the heavy feudal oppression. China's feudal society lasted for a particularly long time, and the feudal rulers oppressed the people very heavily, and the reaction was particularly strong. Tao Yuanming, the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, Lu You, Xin Qiji, etc. were the most typical representatives of the dark society at that time who used wine as a trace and used wine to drown their sorrows. The era in which Li Bai lived was an era of unprecedented prosperity and strength but with various social conflicts and crises lurking; it was a turning point in the Tang Dynasty from its peak to its decline. At the beginning of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Xuanzong was a good emperor who worked hard to govern. He imitated Taizong's advocating frugal politics, knew people well and assigned them well, and achieved unprecedented results. At the end of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Xuanzong was intoxicated with political success and indulged in pleasure. He used treacherous ministers Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and eunuchs to reduce his power. Xuanzong's personal indulgence and luxury test rewarded his subordinates excessively, which led to the entire bureaucratic class becoming extravagant and enjoying themselves excessively. Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong have controlled the government for a long time, favoring nepotism, rejecting dissidents, and harming loyal people. Li Bai was an upright, progressive poet with lofty ambitions. He must have felt sad that his talents could not be used; he felt painful that the achievements of "helping the common people" and "anliyuan" could not be realized. In order to relieve his sorrow and pain, Li Bai found wine, and wine became his favorite thing. When he was drinking sweet wine, he got angry: "Every conversation and laughter loses color, and flies and clams make noises. Confucius Sheng is still hurting Fenglin, Dong Long is even worse than a chicken and a dog. Han Xin is so embarrassed that he pours crimson on him, and you are ashamed to chase him away." "Tu Gu'er" ("Reply to Wang Hanye while drinking alone and feeling pregnant"). Calling Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong traitors like flies, chickens, dogs, and butchers, they were extremely angry. When he was depressed and extremely sad, he raised a glass to persuade others: "The bells, drums, food and jade are not expensive, but I hope I will never wake up after being drunk. In ancient times, all the sages are silent, and only the drinkers leave their names." "The five-flowered horse, the golden fur, and the hu'er will be exchanged for fine wine, and they will sell the eternal sorrow with you" ("The Wine Will Come in"). This "eternal sorrow" is his great sorrow, a sorrow that spans the universe and throughout mankind; it is his sorrow of witnessing the Tang Empire falling from its peak and being unable to recover. Li Bai's "eternal sorrow" is almost to the point of being difficult to exclude. Degree: "...If life is not satisfactory in this world, the consequences of the Ming Dynasty will ruin the boat." I feel sorry for my life, and it seems that the only way out for my whole life is to travel around the rivers and lakes in a small boat.
Sending wine as a trace, using wine to drown sorrow can only bring temporary relief to the poet. After waking up from the wine, the poet said: Cut off the water with a knife, and the water will flow more; raise a glass to relieve sorrow, and the sorrow will become even more sorrowful." In the end, wine cannot become his real Tools for liberation.
4. Inheriting and developing the form of drinking poems in the past dynasties and enriching the content of drinking poems
Li Bai’s drinking poems inherited and developed the forms of drinking poems in the past dynasties and enriched the content of them. The content of drinking poems. Li Bai had many drinking poems before, such as "Zhanlu" in "The Book of Songs", "The First Banquet of Guests", Cao Cao's "Singing over Wine", and 20 "Drinking" poems by Tao Yuanming. But they are all limited to four words and five words. Based on the predecessors, Li Bai's drinking poems have developed into seven words, miscellaneous words, and quatrains. In particular, some of his seven-word songs have long and short sentences, and short sentences are only three words long. The various and ever-changing forms are the result of Li Bai's bold innovation. The expression content is also multi-faceted, including contempt for feudal power and wealth; and ruthlessness for the dark politics of the time. Expose and criticize; express his infinite grief and indignation for his unappreciated talents; and express his deep feelings and friendship for his friends. The form and content of drinking poems have made such great achievements in Li Bai's hands. This is partly because of his unrestrained personality and often poetic emotions. It is unrestrained and unrestrained, so it is not limited by rhythm and antithesis. On the other hand, it is also the result of the poet's pursuit of natural beauty and the use of various forms to express various life contents.
5. Creating a unique style of drinking poetry. Artistic style
As a romantic poet, Li Bai is a great and the most typical. He said that his poems are "the five mountains are shaken when he writes in high spirits, and the poems are soaring in Cangzhou". Du Fu praised his poems. : "The pen falls in the storm, and the poem becomes weeping ghosts and gods." This extremely magical artistic charm gives his drinking poems a unique and distinctive artistic style, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Self-image. Li Bai is not a poet who "doesn't care about everything". He has experienced and expressed many lives, but he is passionate. Emotions and strong personality have left an indelible mark on the poems that express various aspects of life. They are all full of strong subjective colors of self-expression. When he wanted to be an official, he said: "When I am free, I am fishing on the blue stream, and suddenly I am riding a boat and dreaming about the sun." "Bian". When the emperor issued an edict to him to enter the capital, he got carried away and said, "Look up to the sky and laugh loudly and go out. How can we be from Penghao?". When he was politically frustrated, he shouted: "The road is like the blue sky, I can't get there alone", " Life is unsatisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty's dispersion makes the boat flat." Li Bai's favorite wine: "Years ago, the water of Han Dynasty was green, just like the first fermentation of grapes. If this river turns into spring wine, the music will build up the hills." Because he pursues self-expression, his emotional expression is not concealed and suppressed, but unrestrained and bursting out, "The fish's eyes also smile. I, like the bright moon, can't eat with my crotch, and my donkey can't eat when it's full of ambition." "The five-flowered horse, the golden coat, the call will be exchanged for the fine wine, and I will sell the eternal sorrow with you." And so on, impassioned, Screaming loudly shows the image of the poet who is both tall and handsome, but also lonely and depressed. There is no euphemism or implicitness here, but he expresses his feelings naturally.
2. Read some of Li Bai's longer poems. His drinking poems give people a feeling of ups and downs, often suddenly switching from one image to another, from one realm to another, and the emotions are also in a state of restlessness, such as his famous work "About to Enter the Wine". , in the poem he is advising people to drink happily: "If you are proud of life, you must have all the joy, and don't let the golden cup empty to face the moon." It seems that he is content with a life of decadence and enjoyment, but his emotions that are beating like the Yellow River cannot change. Unexpectedly, he suddenly said: "I am born with talents that will be useful, and I will come back after all the money I have spent." Strong confidence suddenly replaced the negative complaints.
3. Rich imagination and bold use of metaphors. , exaggerated and strange. On the other hand, rich imagination must be expressed through vivid metaphors and strange exaggerations. When things in real life are not enough to describe, metaphor, and symbolize his thoughts and wishes, he resorts to unrealistic myths and various other things. Amazing fantasy.
For example, in "Asking Wine to the Moon": "The white rabbit pounded medicine into autumn and spring returns, who is Chang'e living alone next to?" The poet borrowed the ancient myths and legends about a rabbit making medicine in the middle of the moon and Hou Yi's wife Chang'e secretly eating Yi's elixir and the immortal running into the middle of the moon to gallop his fantasy. Another example is "Drinking Alone under the Moon": "I sing as the moon lingers, and my dancing shadows are scattered. We make love together when we are awake, but we are separated when we are drunk. We will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in the clouds and Han." The poet uses personification to combine the moon and the shadow to represent the so-called "three people" having fun together. After getting drunk, they each leave, and he becomes a fairy and meets the bright moon in the distant sky. Rich and unique imagination makes the artistic conception of the poem appear magical and unpredictable. When ordinary language is no longer enough to express vigorous passion, exaggerated metaphors are resorted to: "One hundred years and thirty-six thousand days." "Three hundred cups of wine must be poured a day", "Ten thousand cups of gold wine are poured out, and treasures on jade plates are worth tens of thousands of dollars". Wang Lun sent me love." And so on, the poet uses strange exaggeration and vivid metaphors to exaggerate the characteristics of these objects to the extreme, thus expressing them vividly, showing his extremely high language talent.
4. The language is fresh and natural, bright and smooth. The language of Li Bai's drinking poems is simple, clear, smooth, and round. "The two of us drank together, and the flowers blossomed, one cup after another. I'm so drunk that I'm about to go to sleep. I'll bring you the piano tomorrow morning." "I went to Changsha to move to Chang'an. Looking west to Chang'an, I could not see my home. The jade flute was playing in the Yellow Crane Tower, and the plum blossoms fell in May in Jiangcheng." These words are natural and sincere, without any trace of polishing. They are like spoken language that blurts out, as clear as words. Hu Yinglin believes that the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is "exquisite in appearance, no work can be seen, and no trace can be found", which means that the language of the poems is fresh and natural, completely natural, and there is no trace of effort. Xingxiang exquisite means that the artistic conception is harmonious and clear, and the poetic flavor is meaningful. Most of Li Bai's drinking poems have these characteristics. He once commented on a friend's poem: "Clear water produces hibiscus, and the natural carvings are removed." This is also the characteristic of his own language