Quinoa, native to South America, was called the "Mother of Food" by the ancient Incas and has a cultivation history of more than 5,000 years. In the 1980s, NASA research found that the protein, minerals, amino acids, fiber, vitamins and trace elements of quinoa are higher than those of ordinary food, and are very consistent with the nutrients and proportions required for human life activities. Its nutritional value is almost unparalleled among known natural foods, so it is chosen as the main food for astronauts who fly in space for a long time. Since then, Nestlé has invested heavily in developing quinoa milk powder for infants and young children, and a well-known French food company has also developed a variety of quinoa foods for infants and young children.

In the 21st century, the export price of quinoa from countries such as Bolivia, where quinoa originates, has soared sevenfold, and 90% of it is purchased by developed countries. Currently, the largest consumers of quinoa are the United States and Canada, with the European market catching up. Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and other countries and regions have also sold quinoa flour and other deeply processed products. The international market sales of quinoa have reached tens of billions of dollars. In view of "the unparalleled potential of this crop and its outstanding role in solving global food security and nutrition issues", on July 2, 2011, the 37th General Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations passed a resolution declaring 2013 as the "International Quinoa" year"

Basic planting conditions

The growth period of quinoa is 90-220 days. The growth period is related to the sowing time and local climate conditions. Generally, the earlier the sowing, the longer the growth period. Planting requirements The local frost-free period is more than 100 days, the altitude is more than 1,500 meters, the precipitation is more than 300mm, and the maximum temperature is not higher than 32 degrees.

Collapse and edit this paragraph Pre-sowing preparation

To prepare the soil for applying base fertilizer, the sowing time needs to be determined according to the local climate conditions. It is best to apply fertilizer (organic or inorganic or mixed) one week before sowing. Spread evenly on the ground, and rotary till the land 15-20 cm deep. If there are roots or plastic films left from the previous crop, they need to be cleaned thoroughly to avoid affecting sowing and growth of quinoa.

It is recommended to determine the amount of base fertilizer based on soil testing. If the soil is relatively poor and there is no soil testing condition, apply 40-45 kg of sulfur-based compound fertilizer per acre (the required ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the compound fertilizer is 15:15: 15 or higher).

Collapse and edit this paragraph Seeding machinery

Folding seeder

Use a seeder for sowing flax crops. The seeder can adjust the seeding amount and sowing depth. line spacing.

Folding sowing hollow

Use one leg (human and animal) to sow the hollow.

Folding semi-mechanized

Walking tractor or 2-leg or multi-leg seeder with tractor belt.

Precautions for folding

Do not use wooden hollows for sowing, as it is difficult to control the depth and uniformity.

Collapse and edit this section for sowing

Collapse seed amount

400g seed amount per acre

Collapse row spacing

The row spacing is controlled at 45-50 cm

Folding seeding depth

The seeding depth is 1-2 cm

Folding seeding method

Machine Sowing

Collapse other precautions

Before sowing, you need to prepare seed dressing materials, millet or millet. If you use millet, you need to fry it in advance. The ratio of seeds to seed dressing materials is 1 part of seed. 2 parts of millet (millet), or determine the amount of sowing materials according to the debugging conditions to ensure the seeding amount and uniform sowing.

Special note: Within 3-10 days after sowing, pay close attention to the growth of sprouts or seedlings and the situation of underground pests. If they are seriously damaged by underground pests, you need to consider secondary sowing.

Collapse edit this paragraph field management

Management of fold fertilizer

It is recommended to apply enough base fertilizer at one time without top dressing. If symptoms of fertilizer deficiency are found in the later stages of growth, Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied no more than 15 kilograms per acre.

The management of folding water

mainly focuses on drought.

Pest management

Underground pests are the main pests in quinoa cultivation, among which chafers cause the most serious damage. Quinoa seedlings that have just sprouted or been unearthed are susceptible to a variety of pests. When the damage caused by underground pests is serious, it can lead to the annihilation of the whole army. Therefore, before sowing, it is necessary to understand the situation of underground pests in the plot. If the underground pests are serious, pesticides to kill underground pests need to be sprayed during sowing.

Other common insect pests include coriander bugs, which start to damage leaves or inflorescences when quinoa grows over 50 cm. Coriander bugs are relatively concentrated and often gather on a few quinoa plants. The simplest way is to observe When there is coriander, it is captured manually.

Leaf spot is a common disease, but no economic losses have been reported.

Folding weeding

After the quinoa seedlings grow to 10 cm, you can start weeding for the first time in conjunction with thinning. Generally, quinoa needs to be weeded 1-2 times when it grows to more than 50 cm. .

Folding thinning

You can start thinning when the quinoa seedlings are 10 cm tall, and the distance between plants is required to be about 25 cm

Folding soil

Due to the The height of wheat can reach more than 2 meters, so starting from the second time of weeding, you must consciously build soil for the roots to make the root system more stable and prevent later lodging

Folding and transplanting (replanting)

If the seedlings are found to be incomplete after emergence, you can dig and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 15-20 centimeters. The transplanting should be done after rain, or with additional water supply.

Collapse and edit this section for harvesting

Folding maturity standards

The maturity standards of quinoa are based on appearance. The leaves turn yellow and red, most of the leaves fall off, the stem begins to dry out, and the seeds have no moisture when pinched with fingernails.

Folding harvesting method

At present, there is no quinoa harvester in China. It is recommended to use a sickle to harvest manually. Just cut off the big and small ears of quinoa, or break the quinoa ears by hand and put them in the field after harvesting. Or it can be dried in the threshing floor, or it can be threshed in time.

Folding and threshing

Use a four-separation threshing machine to thresh. After threshing, it needs to be dried in time. Farmers who do not have a threshing machine need to use quinoa. After the wheat is dried, it is beaten or rolled manually.

Fold and dry

It is best to choose a place away from sand and gravel to prevent sand and gravel from being mixed in. If conditions permit, the effect of drying in the shade will be better

Fold and clean

After drying, use a fan to blow off broken branches, leaves or flat grains, and then bag them

Fold and store

A cool, dry, ventilated, and rodent-free place is needed.