Research report on rural land transfer in Luoyang City, Henan Province
At present, the over-dispersion of land resources has restricted the leap-forward development of agriculture in our city. Accelerating rural land transfer is a further step under the new situation. It is an objective requirement to optimize agricultural production factors, improve the level of agricultural industrialization management, promote large-scale operations and coordinated urban and rural development, and build modern agriculture. Recently, the Agricultural Committee of the CPPCC organized some provincial and CPPCC members to investigate the rural land transfer situation in our city and went to Kunming for inspection and study. The investigation situation is now reported as follows:
1. Basic status of land transfer work in Luoyang City, Henan Province
In recent years, with the development of rural economy and the massive transfer of labor force, our city has Rural land transfer has developed rapidly. (omitted)
Rural land transfer has greatly improved land utilization, promoted large-scale agricultural operations, increased farmers’ direct income, and accelerated the transfer of rural labor. Its main manifestations are:
(1) Leading enterprises have promoted the adjustment of agricultural industry structure and large-scale operations, and improved the market competitiveness of agriculture. At present, the city's leading enterprises have directly transferred 180,000 acres of land through leasing, counter-renting and subcontracting, accounting for 45% of the total transferred area. They play an irreplaceable and positive role in radiating the development of bases and farmers and promoting rural land transfer.
Luoyang Fudamei Agricultural Production Co., Ltd. is a provincial-level leading enterprise in agricultural industrialization in our city. The company rents more than 130 acres in Huayuan Village, Luolong District, with 2,000 kilograms of grain per mu per year and a rent of 1,000 yuan. The land has been idle for 50 years and is engaged in the research and development and cultivation of high-end rare edible fungi, directly creating employment for more than 300 people in the surrounding area. Farmers who rent out their land not only have a guarantee of food but also rent, and can work at the nearby enterprise to earn wages. Its edible fungi production line is currently the largest king oyster mushroom production line in my country, filling a gap in the national edible fungi industry. Its products are exported to the United States, Canada and other places, and demand exceeds supply.
Luoyang Yizhong Halal Food Co., Ltd. is the largest provincial-level leading enterprise in halal meat processing and agricultural industrialization in Henan Province. It leased 212 acres of wasteland in Longmen Village Committee at 600 yuan per mu, directly creating employment for more than a thousand people, driving the development of two professional beef cattle cooperatives in Yiyang County, and supporting and driving the city's nearly shrinking beef cattle farmers out of trouble. . At present, the company is preparing for packaging and listing. If the listing is successful, it can drive the city's 180,000 farmers to become rich through cattle raising.
Yichuan County Xinda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. rents 1,700 acres of land in Zhangzhuang, Yuanzhuang and Baituyao villages in Jiangzuo Town for 50 years at 270 kilograms of wheat per mu per year, and builds a farm to produce 200,000 head per year. A large breeding company that breeds pigs and produces 200,000 tons of feed and 250,000 tons of organic fertilizer annually.
(2) Various professional cooperatives promote the rational use of production factors such as land, technology, and information, and broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income. In recent years, the city has transferred 95,000 acres of land through professional cooperatives, accounting for 24% of the total transferred area. Guo Xiangmin and Guo Baoqing, members of the Xiangmin Grape Professional Cooperative in Goushi Town, Yanshi City, leased 1,430 acres of land to develop grape planting, earning more than 15,000 yuan per mu, which is 2-3 times that of ordinary growers. In addition to the rental income of 400-1,000 yuan per mu per year for farmers who rent out land, each labor force working in the vineyards can earn about 3,000 yuan per year. Mengjin County Huilinyuan Vegetable Cooperative, the village committee adopted the form of counter-renting and subcontracting at a rent of 800 kilograms of wheat per mu per year, and rented back farmers' land to build vegetable greenhouses and develop nearly 2,000 acres of vegetables. After completion, it will be owned by Mass contracting implements five unifications, namely unified supply of seeds and seedlings, unified technical guidance and training, unified production management, unified procurement and packaging, and unified price and trademark sales, and the benefits of contracting households are obvious.
(3) Contracting with large planting professionals has strengthened the planting level and improved agricultural production efficiency. At present, about 56,000 acres of land have been transferred through large planting households, accounting for 14% of the total transferred area.
For example, Xiao Changxin, a professional tobacco grower in Yiyang County, contracted more than 300 households in Jianhe Village, Liangzhuang Township, Yiyang County, with more than 1,200 acres of ridge land to engage in large-scale continuous cultivation of tobacco leaves at a rent of 250 yuan per mu through the village committee. . Wang Songtao, a farmer in Beiyao Village, Chengguan Town, Yanshi City, negotiated and signed a six-year contract in 2006 with a rent of 530 kilograms of flour per mu per year, and transferred 1,300 acres of land in the village to grow wheat and other food crops, with an annual net income of 200,000 Yuan or so.
(4) The government provides effective guidance and promotes the rational allocation of resources. In accordance with the agricultural regional and industrial planning, in order to improve the ecological environment in the suburbs of cities and towns, the government leases land back from farmers and then contracts it to some operating enterprises or directly operated by the government. This type of land transfer has exceeded 30,000 acres, accounting for 30% of the total transfer area. 10. For example, Longmen Mountain in the suburbs of Luoyang, Yiyang Xianglu Mountain Ecological Park, Zhoushan, Shangqinggong and other forest parks, Song County Luhun Reservoir Area Ecological Park, Mengjin Xiaolangdi Forest Park construction, etc. all fall into this type of transfer form.
2. Main factors affecting land transfer in our city
(1) The constraints of traditional ideas lead to low transfer rate. The rural land transfer in our city started late. Coupled with the poor natural agricultural conditions, relatively backward rural economic development, and narrow channels for farmers to transfer to employment, in most hilly and mountainous areas, land is still the main source of survival and livelihood security for farmers. Most farmers have a strong love for the soil. Coupled with various agricultural subsidies, land income has increased, and farmers regard land as more precious. Even if they go out to work or do business, they are reluctant to transfer their land, thus restricting and affecting land transfer. At present, the rural land transfer rate in our city is only 8.4, which is 12-13 lower than the provincial average, 10 lower than Zhengzhou, 35 in Xinyang, etc. Compared with developed areas such as Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Chengdu, the gap is even wider.
(2) The circulation mechanism is imperfect and services are lacking. At present, the city has basically not established an institution that can provide unified information and services for land circulation. A long-term mechanism for land circulation has not been formed, and information circulation is poor and services are lacking. Some farmers have a strong desire to transfer, but cannot find suitable lessees; some enterprises or large households have a strong desire to plant on a large scale, but cannot find suitable land, which greatly affects the speed and standardized operation of transfer. For example, Luoyang Fudamei Agricultural Production Co., Ltd. has developed 12 rare edible fungus varieties that can be produced intensively. Currently, only 1 is put into production. The remaining 11 varieties require more than 1,000 acres of land. The technology and sales of the products have been It is mature, but it is difficult to find suitable land and production cannot be carried out.
(3) The problem of irregular transfer procedures is prominent. Land transfer services lag behind. There is neither a management agency nor rules and regulations, and policies and regulations are not yet accurately grasped. Judging from the investigation, the signing rate of written contracts is low, and small-area land transfers such as subcontracting and swapping between farmers are mostly oral agreements. In the absence of a perfect credit system, the interests of both parties cannot be protected by law, which not only greatly affects The efficiency of land transfer has also laid hidden dangers for future disputes.
(4) The low degree of agricultural industrialization restricts large-scale transfer. Our city's leading enterprises and farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations started late, are small in scale, and are few in number. Especially in developing bases and promoting land circulation, their role is far from sufficient. The area in the city where enterprises participate in land circulation only accounts for 45% of the total land circulation area. , has not yet formed a leading role, and most leading enterprises have a small transfer area, which to a large extent restricts the large-scale transfer of rural land in our city.
3. The main practices and inspirations of land transfer in Kunming City
(1) Establish a standardized operating organization and establish effective rules and regulations and operating mechanisms. Most districts and counties in Kunming City have established rural land transfer leading groups headed by district and county government leaders and composed of agriculture, land, forestry and other departments. They are responsible for strengthening guidance, coordination and services for the transfer of rural land contract management rights.
For example, Wuhua District in Kunming City has established a district leading group for the transfer of rural land contract management rights composed of 18 departments and units, and formulated and issued the "Wuhua District Implementation Plan for Promoting the Transfer of Rural Land Contract Management Rights", "Wuhua District "Measures for the Administration of Rural Land Contract Management Rights Transfer Services" to improve the corresponding land transfer system and related procedures (including land transfer declaration, evaluation, registration, filing, approval, transfer contract signing, authentication, cashing, dispute mediation and arbitration, etc.). Standardize the transfer of rural land contract management rights and effectively protect farmers' land contract rights and interests. Rural land transfer working institutions have been established at the township and village levels respectively, forming a good pattern for the transfer of rural land contract management rights at the district, township and village levels, and providing a strong organizational guarantee for the smooth implementation of rural land transfer work. .
(2) Fully safeguard the vital interests of farmers and conduct publicity, guidance and promotion in various ways. Kunming City uses radio, television, blackboard newspapers and other forms to encourage and guide farmers to voluntarily and paidly transfer land contract management rights in accordance with the law. Through the guidance of typical cases and the "experience" of land transfer farmers, the scale effect and economic benefits after land transfer are analyzed, and the ideological concerns of some farmers are eliminated. For example, Rende Town, Xundian County, Kunming City, has piloted the transfer of land contract management rights since 2006, and established a land transfer center to undertake publicity, guidance, coordination, service and corresponding intermediary responsibilities; the effect is very good, farmers are satisfied, and enterprises Satisfied, presenting a win-win situation.
IV. Several suggestions for accelerating land transfer in our city
(1) Establish and improve rural land transfer supervision and management institutions and dispute mediation mechanisms as soon as possible. Strictly follow the spirit of the "Notice of the Luoyang Municipal People's Government on Establishing and Improving Rural Land Transfer Service Agencies as soon as possible", and establish land transfer service centers at the county (city, district) and township levels as soon as possible, equipped with necessary office equipment and staff, and establish transfer information System, build a complete circulation information network; establish and improve rural land contract management dispute mediation and arbitration systems as soon as possible for rural mediation and county (city, district) level arbitration. Counties (cities, districts) should provide corresponding conditions for the daily work of the arbitration committee. , strengthen the construction of arbitration tribunals, and incorporate arbitration work funds into the fiscal budget to ensure it.
(2) Formulate and improve various systems to standardize land transfer management. Strictly follow the relevant provisions of the "Rural Land Contract Law" and the "Measures for the Administration of Transfer of Rural Land Contract Management Rights", establish and improve land transfer procedures, land transfer filing, registration, file management, transfer dispute petition reception and other systems as soon as possible to further standardize land contracting The transfer of management rights protects the long-term legitimate rights and interests of farmers.
(3) Increase support and introduction of leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization and give full play to the leading effect. During the survey, we learned that the degree of rural land transfer is closely related to the scale effect of local agricultural industrialization leading enterprises. In counties and districts, the effective transfer of land and good economic effects mainly rely on the leadership of leading enterprises. Therefore, if we want to To promote the effective transfer of rural land management rights, we must cultivate and support the development of leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization. We suggest that the municipal party committee and the municipal government should give preference to leading agricultural industrialization enterprises in relevant enterprise support policies. Each county (city) district should provide professional land for leading agricultural industrialization enterprises in their respective industrial clusters, support, guide and encourage them. For leading enterprises to become bigger and stronger, in some areas with traditional breeding and planting skills, such as cattle raising in Luoning and Yiyang, grape planting in Yanshi, etc., it is recommended that local county and township governments actively support them and be good at local planting and breeding. The bridge and link between the people and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization drive the centralized transfer of land, promote large-scale agricultural operations, and achieve a win-win situation.
(4) Encourage the development of professional cooperatives and promote the centralized integration of land. Appropriate scale management of land, effective utilization of land resources and high output are the fundamental starting points for land transfer. Professional cooperatives can effectively integrate farmers' land. Each farmer participating in the cooperative, as the main body of the professional cooperative, has strong initiative and enthusiasm, which greatly reduces the management cost of the cooperative organization. At the same time, the interests of the cooperative and each farmer are And tightly bound.
Through technical guidance, professional cooperatives improve the farmers' planting and breeding level and product quality, and can unify the sales channels of products, effectively avoiding the pressure and difficulties of farmers facing the market independently, and effectively safeguarding the vital interests of growers. The professional cooperative model can not only solve the problems faced by small farmers in the big market, but also effectively promote the centralized integration of land and promote the intensive use of land.
(5) Increase publicity and create a good atmosphere for rural land transfer. By vigorously publicizing and reporting on good experiences and models of land transfer, we can raise the awareness of grassroots cadres and farmers about the significance and role of accelerating land transfer and developing large-scale operations, eliminate their concerns, establish correct concepts, and form a plan to promote rural land transfer and promote rural land transfer. Develop the knowledge and intrinsic motivation for large-scale operations and accelerate large-scale operations.
June 3, 2011