Foreign wine ratings:

1. France

1. Wines from legal production areas, the level is referred to as AOC, which is the highest level of French wine. AOC means in French "Controlled designation of origin". The grape varieties, planting quantity, brewing process, alcohol content, etc. in the area of ??origin must be certified by experts. It can only be brewed with grapes grown in the place of origin and must not be blended with grape juice from other places. AOC production accounts for approximately 35% of France's total wine production. The wine bottle label is marked as Appellation+region name+Controlee.

2. Excellent regional table wine, the grade is referred to as VDQS. It is the level that ordinary regional table wines must go through to transition to the AOC level. If the wine performs well during the VDQS period, it will be upgraded to AOC. Production accounts for only 2% of France's total wine production. The bottle label is marked as Appellation+region name+Qualite Superieure.

3. Regional table wine VIN DE PAYS (Wine of Country in English) The best wine in daily table wine has been upgraded to regional table wine. Regional wine labels can indicate the region of origin. It can be blended with grape juice from the production area indicated, but only from grapes in that production area. Production accounts for approximately 15% of France's total wine production. The bottle label is marked Vin de Pays + the name of the region. Most of France's regional table wines are produced along the southern Mediterranean coast.

4. Daily table wine VIN DE TABLE (English meaning Wine of the table). It is the lowest grade wine and is used for daily drinking. It can be blended from grape juice from different regions. If the grape juice is limited to various production areas in France, it can be called French daily table wine. Grape juice from countries outside Europe must not be used. Production accounts for approximately 38% of France's total wine production. The wine bottle label reads Vin de Table.

(In addition, different production areas have their own ratings. In short, French wines are darker)

2. Italy

1 , VINI DA TAVOLA, table wine, abbreviated as: VDT in Italian. Before the INDICAZIONE GEOGRAFICA TIPICA (wine law of typical origin) wine law was adopted, it was applicable to all non-DOC wines, generally referring to the most common quality wines. The regulations on the origin and brewing method of grapes were not very strict, but in practice There are some exquisitely brewed wines in the world that failed to obtain a higher grade because the grape varieties or winemaking methods used did not comply with legal regulations, but they are deeply loved by consumers in the market and sell at high prices.

2. INDICAZIONE GEOGRAFICA TIPICA wine is a typical wine of origin, abbreviated as IGT in Italian. The European General Market has approved this Italian wine, which is the same as France's VINS DE PAYS (regional wine) and Germany's LAND WEIN wine. It is stipulated that this kind of wine should be produced from typical specific regions and specific healthy grapes, and this fact should be noted on the label. Wines of this level are produced in large quantities in Italy, and there are many excellent products with excellent quality and high prices.

3. D.O.C wine (DENOMINAZIón DI ORIGINE CONTROLLATA). That is, "control of wine produced in a named origin." D.O.C wine is a national famous wine.

After the production of DOC wine is confirmed, grape growers must produce according to the DOC wine law and declare the grape yield per liter and total output to the local agricultural department. If this quantity exceeds the DOC wine The maximum allowable quantity stipulated by the law means that this grape cannot produce DOC wine and can only be used as general wine and distilled wine. The country has unified regulations for DOC trademarks. The mark of a certain DOC wine is printed on the neck label, and the number is written on it. Among DOC wines, white wine accounts for 41.74% and red wine accounts for 58.26%. The wine produced in the controlled named origin (DOC level) is equivalent to the French legal production area wine AOC level. It refers to the wine that uses specified grape varieties, is brewed and aged in the specified area according to the specified method.

4. D.O.C.G wine (DENOMINAZIón DI ORIGINE CONTROLLATA E GARANTITA) is the wine that is "wine produced in a guaranteed controlled named place of origin". This is a complement to DOC wine to ensure the reliability of high-quality DOC wine. It requires producers in designated areas to voluntarily subject their wines to stricter management standards. Wines that have been approved as DOCG will bear the government's quality seal on the bottle. Wines produced in controlled named origins (DOCG levels) are guaranteed to be the highest level of Italian wine, regardless of grape variety, picking, brewing, and aging methods. There are strict controls on other aspects, and some even set regulations on the age of grape vines.

3. Spain

The law stipulates that ordinary wine is divided into three classes. The first-class wine is called "NOBLE", and it is stipulated that this wine must be brewed in a 600-liter oak barrel or bottle for at least 18 months; the second-class wine is called "ANEJO", and it is stipulated that it must be brewed in a 600-liter oak barrel or bottle for at least 18 months. It must be brewed in 600-liter oak barrels or bottles for 24 months; the third-class wine is called "Old Wine" (VIEJO), and it is required to be brewed in 600-liter oak barrels or bottles for at least 36 months. This wine must have oxidative characteristics.

The law stipulates that high-end wines are also divided into three categories. The first-class wine is called "new wine" (CRIANZA). It is stipulated that this red wine must be brewed in 330 liters of oak barrels for at least 24 months, and the white wine and rose wine must be brewed in 330 liters of oak barrels for at least 18 months. It must be brewed in barrels for at least 6 months; the second-class wine is called "RESERVA", which stipulates that red wine needs to be brewed for 36 months, and must be brewed in 330-liter oak barrels or bottles for at least 12 months. months; white wine and rose wine must be brewed for 24 months, and must be brewed in oak barrels for at least 6 months; third-class wine is called "CRAN RESEAVA", and red wine must be brewed for 60 months months, and must be brewed in 330-liter oak barrels for at least 18 months; white wine and rose wine must be brewed for at least 48 months, and must be brewed in 330-liter oak barrels for at least 6 months.

In addition, the law stipulates that sparkling premium wines are divided into two classes. The first-class wine is called "PREMIUM or RESERVA" and is produced in some areas; the second-class wine is called "GRAN RESERVA" and must be brewed for at least 30 months.

4. Germany

German wine can basically be divided into: daily table wine (Tafelwein), regional table wine (Landwein), high-end wine (Qualitatswein b.A) and high-quality high-end wine ( Qualitatswein mit Pradikat)

Quality premium wine is the highest quality level among German wines, accounting for more than 30% of German wine production. This wine is elegant and noble and suitable for storage. In this kind of wine, it is divided into six levels according to the maturity degree of the grapes and the corresponding quality:

First-class wine/general wine (Kabinett) is brewed from fully mature grapes and is the clearest in the world. wine.

Late-harvest premium wine/late-ripening wine (Spatlese) is crafted from late-autumn ripe grapes.

Selected high-end wine/special wine (Auslese) is made from high-quality grapes specially selected by hand, and is called noble wine.

Beerenauslese wine is rare and rare. It is selected from each hand-selected high-quality ripe grape and contains a unique aromatic honey wine flavor.

The production method of Eiswein is similar to that of Eiswein. The difference is that the grapes used to make this wine are picked and squeezed to obtain the ice state of the grapes, giving the wine a unique quality. , has excellent natural sweet and sour flavor.

Trockenberenauslese is an outstanding contribution to the German wine industry. This wine is brewed from grapes that are almost raisins one by one. It is sweet and charming and unparalleled.

In Germany, ice wine belongs to the highest level of high-quality premium wine Qualitatswein and is subject to relevant laws and regulations.

The contents of German wine labels mainly include: specific production area; year of grape picking and brewing; name of the producer’s vineyard or village; grape variety category; type and taste of the wine, such as dry or semi-dry , those that are not marked are generally sweet wine; quality category/level; official inspection number and bottler information.

Common words on German wine labels

Q.b.A Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete abbreviation, high-quality wine

Q.m.P Qualitatswein mit Praikat abbreviation, famous origin of high-quality wine

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Kabinet general wine

Spatlese late harvest wine

Auslese noble musty wine

Beerenauslese selected noble musty wine

Trockenbeerenauslese selected dry grain noble musty wine

Eiswein ice wine

Qualitatswein wine produced under the supervision of famous origin

Tafelwein daily table wine, equivalent to France's VDT

Landwein regional wine, German common table wine, equivalent to French VDP level

Abfuler bottler

Anreichern sweetening

Erzeugerabfullung winemaker Bottling

Halbtrocken slightly sweet

Herb slightly sour

Heuriger seasonal wine, similar to new wine

Jahrgang vintage

Sekt sparkling wine

Trocken is not sweet (different from Herb)

Place name + er means "~ of" or "from" means, for example, "Kallstadter Saumagen" means that the wine is produced in a vineyard named Saumagen in the village of Kallstadter

1. If there is the word "Erzeugerabfüllung" on the wine label, it means that this bottle The wine is bottled and sold directly by the wine merchants in the place of origin, which is the same as "Gutsabfüllung" and "Winzergenossenschaft".

2. Fuder: The name of the standard oak wine barrel used since ancient Rome. The capacity is 1000 liters. It is mainly used in the Mosel-Saar-Ruwer area.

3. Jahrgang: That is Vintage, which refers to the year of the wine.

4. Trocken: It means non-sweet (Dry) liquor.

5. Halbtrocken: This level of wine varies depending on the production area and grape variety. It may be Dry or very sweet.

6. Kellerei: This refers to a company that sells wine. They go to various production areas to buy wine, and then come back to mix and bottle it for sale.

7. Spitzenlage: This refers to Germany’s top grape producing areas, such as France’s “Grand Cru”.

5. The United States

In addition to assisting wine producers in grape planting and winemaking, the U.S. government also promptly draws on the experience of France and other established wine countries at the legal level.

The U.S. government did not follow the example of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and other European countries in adopting a wine classification system, but only implemented the American Viticultural Areas system, referred to as AVA. AVA has been implemented by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF) since 1983. As a law regulating the origin of wine, the AVA system is similar to the French Appellation d'Origine Contr-lée (AOC) system, but it mainly defines the geographical location and scope of the named region, unlike France. The AOC system, in addition to defining the geographical scope, also involves specific requirements for grape varieties, planting, and brewing. The AVA system has no restrictions on grape varieties, planting, output and brewing methods. This is the most fundamental difference between it and the French AOC system. But like France’s AOC system, it plays a role in protecting the sales of wine from its origin.

The AVA system mainly divides the country's wine-producing areas based on geography and climate, which is different from the original politically defined geographical areas. In this regard, it is different from the concept of French origin. AVAs can be small or large, ranging from hundreds to millions of hectares. Some AVAs are included in a larger AVA. For example, the famous Napa Valley AVA includes Oakville AVA, Howell Mountain AVA, Stags Leap Area AVA, Rutherford-Benche AVA, etc. Also includes part of the Carneros AVA in Sonoma County.

6. China (by the way, it actually doesn’t matter)

Currently, my country’s wine regulatory system is being established, with the “Product Quality Law”, “Food Hygiene Law” " is the leader, the "Standardization Law" is the trunk, and national departmental regulations and local regulations are the branches.

"Wine and Test Methods" QB921-84

"Wine" GB15037-2006

"General Test Methods for Wine and Fruit Wine" GB/T15038-94

"Hygiene Standard for Fermented Wine" GB 2758-81

"Labeling Standard for Beverage Wine" GB l0344-89

"Classification of Beverage Wine" GB/T17204- 98

"General Standard for Food Labeling" GB 7718-94

"Brandy" GB 11856- 97

"Winery Hygiene Specifications" GB l2696-96< /p>

"Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives" GB 2760-86

"Hygienic Management Measures for Alcoholic Drinks"

"Hygienic Management Measures for Sparkling Wine"

"Wine Production Management Measures (Trial)"

"Chinese Grape Winemaking Technical Specifications"

"Alcohol Product Production License Implementation Rules"

"Wine Administrative Measures for Similar Advertising"

"Administrative Measures for the Domestic Market of Imported Wines"

"General Hygiene Standards for Food Enterprises"

"International Grape Winemaking Regulations"

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"International Grape Winemaking Pharmacopoeia"

Of course, there are also corporate grade standards of some large domestic companies, such as Changyu's master level-collection level-special selection level-preferred level, and Great Wall's daily table wine Grade-Selected Grade-Premium Selected-Special Selected-Collection Grade-Special Collection Grade, etc.