Who invented the earliest car?

It should be: karl benz 1844-1929

The definition of automobile

According to the authoritative statement in Ci Hai, "the automobile is a kind of trackless vehicle that can drive itself and is mainly used for transportation. Originally called' automatic car', it is called automobile for short because it is equipped with gasoline engines. Modern Chinese Dictionary explains that "a car is a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, which mainly travels on roads or roads, and usually has four or more rubber tires. Used to carry people or goods. " But it is not rigorous to define a car like this. A motorcycle is also self-driven, trackless and uses a gasoline engine; Second, tractors also use internal combustion engines, trackless, and have four or more wheels; Third, in the past, steam locomotives used external combustion engines; Fourth, today's cars can also use natural gas, gas, methanol and other fuels, not to mention solar cars, electric cars and so on. Therefore, there are some limitations in the explanation of automobile at present, so it is necessary to explore it to reflect the characteristics of automobile scientifically.

in our opinion, the following factors must be taken into account when defining a car: first, the emergence and development of a car. The emergence and development of automobiles have experienced more than 2 years of history. Cars in different periods have different structural characteristics, and the types and uses of automobiles are changing with each passing day. Second, based on the original intention of the car. The automobile originated from the west, and should be defined based on the original intention of western languages and combined with the automobile in the modern sense. The English word "Automobile〃" is composed of "Auto" and "Mobif? Will it move? " This is "Automobile? Car? " The origin of, which means that they can move, that is, automatic cars; Third, cars are different from other similar machines. In the definition of automobile, all the characteristics of similar machinery should not be completely covered.

The following is an analysis of this problem from the appearance and development of steam locomotives.

1. Cars powered by steam engines

Since ancient times, people have been using human and animal power as the power source of vehicles, and later they developed into wind turbines by using natural forces. With the development of machinery industry, some people have made pulley cars and clockwork cars. But these vehicles are not recognized by the world because of their lack of use value.

in the middle of 18th century, the appearance of Watt steam engine became the fuse of the first industrial revolution in Europe, which laid the foundation for the birth of steam locomotive. In 1769, N·JCUGNOT, a French engineer and army artillery captain, manufactured the world's first front tricycle powered by a steam engine (title map). At that time, the main purpose of manufacturing this car was to tow artillery. The body is made of wood and supported by three huge wheels. The front wheel diameter is 1.28 meters, and the rear wheel diameter is 1.5 meters. There is a pear-shaped boiler in the front of the car, and there are two cylinders with a volume of 11 gallons in the back of the boiler. The steam generated by the boiler is sent to the two cylinders to push the two pistons to move. The force generated by the piston movement is transmitted to the front wheel through a simple crankshaft, and the front wheel drives the whole vehicle to run. Although the car looks heavy, it is poorly made and inefficient. But it adopts mechanical power and realizes self-driving, that is, "automation" in the modern sense, which can be said to be a historic leap. Taking this as a starting point, by the end of the 18th century, European countries and the United States had successively produced steam locomotives with more extensive uses, such as carrying materials and transporting personnel, and the body and other structures had been greatly improved. By the mid-19th century, there was a heyday of steam locomotives (this article refers to highway steam locomotives). Therefore, steam locomotives occupy an important position in the history of human transportation. Compared with modern cars, steam locomotives are self-driven, independent of tracks and stringing, equipped with wheels, and can run on roads. The difference is that it is powered by an external combustion engine. However, both external combustion and internal combustion belong to the category of engines, but in different forms. It can be seen that from the perspective of power source, no matter what fuel it uses, as long as it is driven by itself, it already has the basic conditions for a car. Therefore, a steam locomotive can be called a car.

Second, the car powered by internal combustion engine

In p>1885, German engineer Karl Benz made the world's first modern car "Mercedes-Benz No.1" (Figure 2), which was fueled by gasoline and powered by internal combustion engine, and was mainly used for people to ride, and obtained the patent right. The car is equipped with three wheels with solid rubber tires, a small wheel in front and two big wheels in the back; A single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine is arranged between two rear wheels; The power generated by the engine is transmitted to the rear axle with differential by gear and chain mechanism, and the driving direction is controlled by joystick. In order to improve the comfort of passengers, a leaf spring suspension is installed between the frame and the axle, which makes it more characteristic of modern cars.

With the internal combustion engine as the driving force, the car body can be light and smart, with high degree of automation and labor-saving operation. At the same time, the automobile industry has been sublimated in technology and concept. The word "car" is a foreign word, which is called "Automobile〃"? There is no meaning of internal combustion engine, external combustion engine and what fuel to use, let alone gasoline as fuel. Its original intention is "self-driving". Therefore, the definition of automobile, such as that mentioned above, is inevitably one-sided.

Third, different fuels and

cars with different uses coexist

In p>1898, the Frenchman Deisel exhibited his diesel internal combustion engine for the first time at the Munich exhibition, which challenged the dominant position of gasoline vehicles. In the same year, American Aldorf Bush successfully built the world's first diesel car. The appearance of diesel vehicles has broadened the ways for people to develop fuel for automobiles. With the development of automobile manufacturing and the progress of science and technology, scientists have developed automobiles powered by natural gas, coal gas and methanol and electric energy and solar energy. The successful development of these cars powered by different fuels and different forms of energy not only breaks the framework of the concept that cars are fueled by gasoline, but also breaks the view that cars are powered by "internal combustion engines". With the development and utilization of new energy, the automobile family has been growing and used more widely, and power machinery with various uses has been derived, which makes the automobile form a beautiful scene with dazzling array of flowers in people's minds. Such as: sprinklers, fire engines, engineering vehicles, large flat-bed transport vehicles, snow sweepers, dump trucks and cars undertaking various military tasks (Figure 3). Although these cars are various, colorful and have different uses, they are all derived from the instinct of transportation. According to the definition of western "cars" when they first appeared, they should all belong to the category of "automatic cars".

Motorcycle is the transliteration of English motorcycle. Motor is an engine and cycle is a bicycle? Run faster and faster, published by Jiangsu Children's Publishing House in 1999). There are two kinds of three-wheeled motorcycles, one is a side three-wheeled motorcycle with a side bucket with wheels on a high-powered two-wheeled motorcycle; The other is a three-wheeled motorcycle with one wheel in the front center and two wheels in the back. This shows that motorcycles are made by adding engines to the body of bicycles or similar bicycles. Its frame is quite different from that of a car. The tricycle is derived from the two-wheeled motorcycle. Although it belongs to the category of "automatic car", it is not a "car".

Tractor is a kind of agricultural machinery, and its use is separated with the development of automobile industry. Before 197s, tractors were everywhere on the roads in both cities and villages, and people used them as an important means of transportation and agricultural machinery, which was more common in China. It can be seen that the tractor is not a car from the purpose. However, compared with cars, tractors have obvious differences in overall structure. The body of an automobile cannot be separated. Except for some models of individual vehicles, such as large-scale flat-bed transport vehicles, the cab and carriage of other vehicles are either integrated or fixed on a frame. Tractor body? Compared to cars? Is it a two-half type with a flexible connection in the middle, and the cab and carriage cannot be fixedly installed as a whole, and the driving wheel is large and the driven wheel is small? Front of the car? . Therefore, tractors also belong to the category of "automatic cars", but they are not "cars".

To sum up, automobiles belong to a developing family in the category of "automatic automobiles", and automobiles in different periods have different technical performance and structural characteristics. Automobile is a wheeled vehicle driven by its own power, independent of track and stringing, with four or more wheels, and the cab and carriage are integrated or fixed on the same frame, which can travel on the road, and trackless automatic vehicles with other special uses derived from it.

It is not easy to give an accurate definition to a car, but it must be admitted that a car is a public thing and belongs to the whole world. It is the responsibility of all autobots to give it a veritable explanation.

the four kings of the automobile world

Just as there will be only a few big automobile companies left in the world, there will be only a few brands left in ultra-luxury cars. Because only large companies have the manpower, material resources and financial resources to develop and produce cars for a very small number of people.

The four kings of Germany and even the world in the future will be Audi's Haoxi, BMW's Rolls Royce, Mercedes-Benz's Maibakh and Volkswagen's Bentley. An important feature of these cars is that they are only sold to people with certain social status and status.

Mercedes-Benz Maibakh not only has the longest body, but also has the highest status in the hearts of Germans. Almost since it had a car, its name has represented extreme luxury.

why do big companies have their own superstars? We won't mention other reasons here, only from the customer's car buying psychology. Everyone has his own tastes. According to experience, everyone prefers certain brands of cars: people who drive mercedes benz c-class cars will buy S-class cars when they have more money, so what if they drive S-class cars again? Without Maibakh, he might buy a Rolls Royce or other brands. Mercedes-Benz S-Class cars sell tens of thousands of cars every year. If one percent of customers "get rich", then hundreds of Maibakh cars are needed, and its profit is equivalent to selling tens of thousands of small cars.

similarly, people who drive Audi A3 or A4 mostly switch to Audi A6 or A8 when they have more money, so what if A8 people "get rich" again? If there is no better Audi, he can only buy other brands. People who drive BMW 3 Series and 5 Series will definitely switch to BMW 7 Series when they have more money. Then it is unthinkable that there is no more advanced BMW than the 7 Series, so BMW bought Rolls-Royce.

BMW is the most expensive: Rolls-Royce

After the acquisition of Rolls-Royce in the UK, BMW will launch a new Rolls-Royce with a 12-cylinder 45-horsepower engine, which includes the advanced technology of BMW 7 Series. The price is 75, marks.

Mercedes-Benz Extreme: Maibakh

Forget all your car dreams, because the real luxury car has appeared. Mercedes-Benz will produce Maibakh, the most luxurious RV in Germany. The price starts at 65, marks and the V12 engine has 476 horsepower. At present, the most expensive Mercedes-Benz RV is only 2, marks, so Mercedes-Benz Company is not going to list it as a series of Mercedes-Benz brand products, but a separate brand and a separate sale.

Audi Zhizong: Haoxi

Audi may launch a super luxury RV "Haoxi" on top of its top-class RV A8.

"Horch" is the German word for "Audi", while "Audi" is the Latin word for "Hao Xi", both of which are Chinese words for "listening" and are the names of the founders of Audi.

It is estimated that "Haoxi" will use the V12 twelve-cylinder engine and use the same platform as A8, Volkswagen's Bentley and other top cars.

Volkswagen to China: Bentley

Rolls-Royce and Bentley were originally two merged companies in Britain. After being acquired by BMW, Bentley was resold to Volkswagen. As a result, Volkswagen also bid farewell to the history of only producing Volkswagen cars and launched a top luxury RV belonging to German Volkswagen.

The most expensive Mercedes-Benz S-Class car is only 22, marks, while the cheapest car in Maibakh is 65, marks. The huge space in the middle was left to Bentley, and the estimated price was 3, marks. It is said that Queen Elizabeth, the British royal family, used to take a Rolls Royce, but now she takes a Bentley.

Top Ten Fastest Production Cars

Forbes magazine recently published the list of the fastest production cars in the American market.

Champion: Ford's SSC Ultimate Aero supercar topped the list with a top speed of 273 mph (about 437km/h). In contrast, Concorde, the fastest civil airliner in the world, took off at a speed of only 36 km/h.

Champion: SSC Ultimate Aero

Second place: Saleen S7 Twin Turbo

Third place: Bugatti Veyron(46km/h)

Fourth place: Koenigsegg CCR(388km/h)

Fifth place: Ferrari Enzo(35km/ H)

Sixth place: Dodge Viper SRT-1(348km/h)

Seventh place: pagani Zonda(345km/h)

Eighth place: Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren(334km/h)

Ninth place: Lamborghini Murcielago(33km/h) modern cars

■ American Buick hard top coupe

■ American Tucker Torpedo

■ American Dodge Caston Royal