The geology in Xinfeng has undergone multiple crustal tectonic movements, resulting in a series of complex geological structures, which are complicated by mutual interference and superposition. In terms of structural position, it is located at the confluence of the east-west structure and the sag zone of the Neocathaysian system, on the two front wings of the Shanxi-shaped mountain in southern Jiangxi and the west side of the horseshoe-shaped geology. From the analysis of the layout and mutual relationship of structural traces, it can be roughly divided into: east-west trending Huaxia system, Neocathaysian system, northwest and north-south structural systems or structural belts, among which the northeast-trending, north-northeast-trending and northwest-trending faults The most developed, followed by the east-west direction. Judging from the strength and density of fold and fault structures, they are both strong in the south and weak in the north, and strong in the east and weak in the west. For these reasons, polymorphic geological features are formed.
Except for the Ordovician, Silurian, Lower Devonian and Tertiary strata, the other strata from the Pre-Paleozoic to the Cenozoic are exposed in Xinfeng County. The Sinian, Cambrian, and Middle-Upper Devonian strata are mainly exposed around the red bed basin, forming a low mountainous and hilly terrain; the Carboniferous and Permian strata are exposed on the edge of the red bed basin, in the form of islands and strips. It is scattered and distributed in strips; the Triassic and Jurassic strata are exposed in Tieshikou, Gaoqiao, Xintian, and Jinji areas respectively; the Cretaceous strata have the largest distribution area, forming low hills; the Quaternary strata are developed in Taojiang and On both sides of its main tributaries and in valley basins.
There are more than 10 rock masses distributed in Xinfeng County, mainly intrusive rock masses from the late Caledonian and early Yanshanian periods. The former is exposed in the area from Niujing and Zhengping to Tieshikou, and its lithology is mainly medium-fine-grained amphibole quartz monzonite and medium-fine-grained monzonite; the latter is widely distributed in Anxi, Jinpenshan, and Hushan. It is exposed in an area, and is exposed sporadically in other places. Its lithology is mainly granite (medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite, fine-grained granite, medium-grained biotite granite, granite porphyry, medium-fine-grained mica granite). In addition, there are some basic acidic extrusive rocks in the territory. The terrain in Xinfeng slopes from south to north, with high surroundings and low in the middle, forming a basin shape. The internal elevations vary greatly. The highest point is Hushan Deng, with an altitude of 1,015.7 meters; the lowest point, Wuyang Village, Xiniu Town, is 135 meters above sea level; the general altitude is between 200 and 400 meters. The edge of the county is surrounded by steep hills and mountains. The Taojiang River in the central part runs from north to south, with tributaries gathering together and the water potential is gentle. In the center of the territory, there are about 600 square kilometers of low hills, gentle slopes, wide valleys, and vast farmlands.
The general terrain structure is roughly as follows: there are medium and low mountains in the east, south and northwest, low mountains and hills in the southwest and north, and there are many low hills and flatlands in the central area, thus forming a south-to-south terrain. North sloping terrain.
The terrain of Xinfeng County can be summarized into two categories: hilly basins and medium-low mountains and high hills.
1. Hilly Basin Terrain The Tertiary red fault basin terrain has a relatively wide distribution range, ranging from Huangni and Xingcun Shuangxikou in Xiniu in the north to Longyu, Gupi and Jiading in the east. The Pingshi area of ??Datangbu is bounded by Xiaohe Daposhui, Datangbu Niukou to Wanlong in the south, and is connected to the Nanxiong Basin in the west by a basin gap from Yaliao in Jiudu to Yangmeigang. The steamed bun-shaped high hilly and low hilly terrain is located between the edge of the basin and the center of the basin. Around the edge of the basin, most of them are in a ring shape, such as Xingcun in Xiniu, Wanlong, Pingshi and Gupi in Datangbu; in the center of the basin, there are many It has square mountain and table-shaped mountain topography, including Datangbu and Zhengping Town areas. The gently wavy low hills and single-sided mountain topography are widely distributed, such as Changgang to the north of Datangbuwei, Longgang to the east, Manjing, Aubei, Daywuling in Pingshi, Xiniu and Xiaohe Town. . Granite erosion basins, steamed bun-shaped and wavy hilly basins are smaller in scale and are distributed in Anxi, Niujing, Longyu, Yangma, Longzhou and other places. Metamorphic rocks erode the basin terrain, and the basin bottom is flat and covered by river alluvial deposits, which are distributed in Chongxian and other places. The valley terrace terrain is distributed on both sides of the Taojiang River and its tributaries. There are alluvial plains and terraced flat lands, which are agricultural production, residential areas and transportation areas. 2. Medium-low mountains and high hilly terrain. The mid-mountain terrain composed of granite is distributed in the mountainous areas at the junction of Xinfeng County and Anyuan and Nanxiong City. The mountains protrude from the mountains in blocks. The tops of the mountains are mostly hammer-shaped and the slopes are steep. Zhongshan terrain composed of metamorphic rock series has a small distribution area, with only Tuopo Deng, Niugu Deng to the east and Pheasant Mountain to the northwest. The mountain terrain consists of low mountains and high hills composed of granite, mainly distributed in Bijiashan in Anxi, Emingling in Aigao, Gaofengzhai and Jixinzhai in Youshan, etc.
The low-mountain terrain composed of metamorphic rocks is generally distributed in the boundary mountains between counties. The slopes are steep, with a slope of 25 to 35 degrees; the tops of the mountains are solid, the valleys are jagged, the ravines are deep, and the valleys are canyon-shaped. High hilly terrain High hills composed of granite are distributed in the Longzhou and Aigao areas. The tops of the mountains are round and divided into isolated steamed bun shapes. The high hills composed of metamorphic rocks are widely distributed in the Xiaojiang and Chongxian areas, as well as in the outskirts of low mountainous areas such as Wanlong and the south of Datangbu and Jinpenshan and Xintian. Xinfeng is located in the East Asian monsoon region, with a mild climate, sufficient sunlight, abundant heat, and abundant rainfall. It has a humid mid-subtropical monsoon climate with distinct four seasons, short spring and autumn, long summer and long winter, short ice and snow period, long frost-free period, less hot summer and less severe cold in winter, etc. Features. At the turn of winter and spring, the climate is mostly affected by the cold and dry air from Siberia, resulting in erratic climate change and continuous rain. In midsummer, the climate is mostly controlled by the Pacific subtropical high pressure, resulting in a hot climate with little rain and occasional typhoons. In autumn, as the Pacific subtropical high pressure retreats southward and weakens, the autumn air is crisp and clear. , there are often droughts, and the temperature difference between day and night is large; after winter, the temperature gradually drops, the climate is dry and cold, and frost appears from time to time.
Four Seasons
The terrain of Xinfeng County is relatively complex, surrounded by mountains and low hills in the middle. Due to the complex and diverse topography and the redistribution of light, heat and water resources, the three-dimensional climate is more obvious.
Spring
Spring is mild with continuous rain. According to observations from the county meteorological observation station (hereinafter referred to as the county station), the flat hills are represented by average temperatures of 14.0°C in March, 20.1°C in April, and 24.0°C in May; while Jinpenshan and Hushan Xiaozhai (310 meters above sea level) are located in mountainous areas. ), spring comes a little later, with average temperatures of 13.9℃ in March, 18.7℃ in April, and 22.4℃ in May. Affected by the cold air from March to April, Xinfeng County has always experienced "spring cold". Starting from March every year, it rains continuously and enters the rainy season. The average precipitation measured by the county station is: 187.6 mm in March, 201.6 mm in April, and 215.2 mm in May. In some years, there are continuous heavy rains, and the water levels in rivers and streams rise sharply, causing floods.
Summer
Summer is hot with frequent thundershowers. The county station measured average temperatures of 26.9°C in June, 28.9°C in July, and 28.3°C in August. Daytime temperatures are high, with the extreme highest temperature in the past reaching 40°C. This is the hottest season of the year. The average temperature in Jinpenshan and Hushan Xiaozhai in remote mountainous areas is 24-26°C from June to August, which is relatively cool. The average precipitation at Xinfeng County Station was 221.6 mm in June, 133.3 mm in July, and 152.8 mm in August. Mountainous areas generally receive more rainfall on average than valley and plain areas. The flood season in Xinfeng County generally ends in early July, and in the earliest years it ends as early as the end of May. If there is heavy rain before the end of the flood season, it is easy to cause floods.
Autumn
Autumn is warm and cool with little precipitation. The average temperature at the county station is 25.4℃ in September, 21.1℃ in October, and 15.9℃ in November. The average temperature in Hushan Xiaozhai is 23.3℃ in September, 19.0℃ in October, and 14.0℃ in November. Cold dew wind can appear in late September. The earliest year it occurs is September 26, the average date is October 12, and the latest year is November 3. Precipitation is scarce in autumn, and autumn droughts often occur. In some years, there are continuous droughts. The average precipitation in the county station is 92.9 mm in September, 48.0 mm in October, and 43.4 mm in November. Only in some years when typhoons reach Xinfeng County, there will be heavy to heavy rains, causing flash floods.
Winter
Winter is dry and cold, with frost and snow. The county station's winter lasts for 93 days (from December 7 to March 9 every year), and the winter in Hushan Xiaozhai lasts for 108 days (from November 27 to March 14). The average temperatures in the county station are 10.6℃ in December, 8.9℃ in January, and 10.6℃ in February; in Hushan Xiaozhai, they are 9.7℃ in December, 7.5℃ in January, and 9.3℃ in February. There is very little precipitation in winter, and there is little difference across Xinfeng County. The average precipitation in the county station in December is only 37.9 mm, in January it is 66.3 mm, and in February it is 103.2 mm. In winter precipitation, solid precipitation may appear when the temperature is low, but snow on the ground is not common, and the average number of snowy days over the years is less than 1 day. The number of frost days is represented by county stations, with an average of 11 days over the years.
The old county annals of Xinfeng recorded the climate: "After the rains in the first month, the days are mostly hazy and rarely sunny; during heavy rains in March and April, streams overflow; around May every year, floods occur during intercropping, causing minor damage to crops and even Therefore, many cottages along the river were washed away; after the summer solstice, there were thunderous clouds, and when the rain did not move, the weather would change every one or two miles; in the deep winter, the cloudy days continued with few interruptions, and the clouds covered the mountain tops and lingered for ten days." It also states: "Autumn frosts are late, winter ice is thin, and snow lasts no longer than two or three days."
Temperature
The first day of spring in Xinfeng County occurs on March 11 on average, and lasts for 70 days (the first day when the daily average temperature stably passes 10℃ is the beginning of the Spring Festival); The average start of summer occurs on May 30, and the duration is 133 days (the day after the last day when the daily average temperature stably passes 22°C is the beginning of summer); the average start of autumn occurs on September 30, and the duration is 64 days. (The first day of the Autumn Festival is the day when the daily average temperature stably passes through 22℃); the beginning of winter occurs on December 3 on average, and lasts for 98 days (the last day when the daily average temperature stably passes through 10℃ is added) is the beginning of the Winter Festival). The above-mentioned four seasons are divided by average temperature. Spring in this county lasts for about two and a half months, summer is about four and a half months, autumn is two months, and winter is three months. Spring comes early, summer is long, autumn is short, and winter comes late. This is one of the characteristics of Xinfeng's four seasons.
Precipitation
The average annual rainfall in Xinfeng County is 1500-1600 mm. The measured rainfall in the rainy year (2002) reached 2000-2200 mm, and in the driest year (1991) it was still 950-2200 mm. 1000mm. However, the spatial and temporal distribution is unbalanced, with large interannual changes and uneven rainfall distribution. From April to June, due to the alternating influence of cold and warm air currents, there is heavy rainfall, making it the rainy season. During this period, the average annual rainfall in Xinfeng County is 638.4 mm, accounting for 42% of the annual rainfall, which often causes flood disasters. From July to September, there is high temperature, little rain, and high evaporation, so autumn drought often occurs. During this period, the average annual rainfall is 379.0 mm, accounting for 25% of the annual rainfall. June has the most rainfall throughout the year, and November-December has the least rainfall. From July to September, precipitation mainly relies on typhoons and local thermal thunderstorms, and the weather remains sunny and hot most of the time.
The average number of rainfall days in Xinfeng is 161 days per year, the maximum number of rainfall days per year is 190 days, and the minimum number of rainfall days per year is 135 days. The longest number of consecutive rainfall days was 24 days, with a total rainfall of 430 mm. The maximum rainfall in one day was 114.2 mm, which occurred on May 2, 1993. The longest number of consecutive days without rainfall is 43 days.
Evaporation
The average annual evaporation in Xinfeng is 1587.4 mm. The evaporation amount is the largest from July to August, which are 230.6 mm and 209.6 mm respectively; the evaporation amount is the smallest from January to February, which is 65.0 mm and 66.5 mm respectively.
Wind direction and speed
Xinfeng County has a strong northerly wind from January to April and September to December, followed by a northwest wind; from May to August, a strong southerly wind blows, followed by a northwest wind. Southerly wind. The average wind speed in each month over the years is 1.5-2.5 meters/second. The annual average number of windy days is less than 1 day; the maximum wind speed in the past year is 30 meters/second (wind force reaches level 11), which occurred on April 3, 1990. Xinfeng has 7 species of wild plants under national key protection, among which the first-level protection is: Southern yew and ginkgo; the second-level protection is: Eucommia ulmoides, camphor, half maple, palm tree, golden retriever.
Among Xinfeng’s animal resources, nationally protected wild animals include: Birds: mandarin duck, black-crested falcon, (black) kite, goshawk, red-bellied eagle, and crested eagle (only Xinfeng in Ganzhou City Found in Feng County), eagle eagle, peregrine falcon, swallow falcon, brown-winged cuckoo, grass owl, collared horned owl, eagle owl, collared owl, bar-headed owl, long-eared owl, spot-tailed cuckoo (only Xinfeng dove in Ganzhou City Yes), white pheasant. Animals: Jackal, small civet, spotted civet, clouded leopard, leopard, sambar, Sumatran antelope, pangolin. Amphibians: tiger frog. Reptiles: python. Provincially protected wild animals include: Birds: Little grebe, (common) cormorant, green heron, cattle egret, longevity belt bird (only found in Xinfeng, Ganzhou City), egret, (Chinese) partridge, Baieshan Partridge, gray-breasted pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, mountain dove, pearl-necked turtle dove, fire turtle dove, four-voiced cuckoo, medium cuckoo, eight-voiced cuckoo, common kingfisher, blue emerald, barn swallow, golden-rumped swallow, red-tailed shrike, Brown-backed shrike, black curly tail, red-billed blue magpie, blackbird, and great tit. Animals: yellow-bellied weasel, yellow weasel, ferret badger, spotted raccoon dog, ocelot, and yellow muntjac. Amphibians: Chinese toad, black-spotted frog, spiny-breasted frog.
Reptiles: ratite, soft-shelled turtle, king snake, mouse snake, blackhead snake, bungar snake, cobra. Xinfeng County mainly has several major industries such as high-quality rice, tobacco leaves, sugar cane, edible fungi, commercial vegetables, sweet corn, lean pigs, watermelon (red melon seeds), specialty breeding, Chinese medicinal materials, radish, etc., basically forming a "one township, one product", The industrial pattern of one village, one product. We have established sweet corn bases mainly in Da'a, Gupi and Daqiao, high-quality rice bases mainly in Jiading, Da'a and Xiaohe, watermelon bases mainly in Anxi, Hushan and Bandung. There are traditional Chinese medicine bases focusing on Xiaojiang, radish bases focusing on the Taojiang River, and lean pig breeding bases focusing on Da'a, Jiading and Xiniu.
Xinfeng County has many agricultural and sideline products. Navel oranges, flue-cured tobacco, straw mushrooms, red melon seeds, medical rice wine, radish and other famous and high-quality specialties have long enjoyed a high reputation.
As of 2012, Xinfeng County has a forest area of ??3.02 million acres and a standing tree reserve of 3.2 million m3. It has various tree species and excellent materials. It is the main forest area in southern Jiangxi; Xinfeng County is the "Hometown of Navel Oranges in China". Known as the "Four Specialties", navel oranges, flue-cured tobacco, red melon seeds, radish and sweet corn are the main raw materials for the county's food industry.
In 2012, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries was 3.576 billion yuan, an increase of 5% over the previous year. Among them, the agricultural output value was 1.826 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%; the forestry output value was 219 million yuan, an increase of 8.4%; the animal husbandry output value was 1.204 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%; the fishery output value was 299 million yuan, an increase of 4.1%; the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service industry output value was 0.28 billion, an increase of 2.9%. In the whole year, the grain planting area was 727,700 acres, an increase of 0.05% over the previous year; the peanut area was 73,200 acres, an increase of 1.67%; the tobacco leaf area was 18,900 acres, an increase of 3.47%; the vegetable planting area was 180,100 acres, an increase of 0.58%; orchard area 309,800 acres, an increase of 0.69%, of which the navel orange area is 285,800 acres, an increase of 0.39%. The total annual grain output was 266,300 tons, an increase of 0.35% over the previous year; vegetable output was 291,200 tons, an increase of 0.49%; garden fruit output was 169,400 tons, a decrease of 1.37%, of which navel orange output was 157,700 tons, a decrease of 1.25%. Xinfeng County has initially formed five leading industries including building materials, knitted garments, electronics, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Developed "Luyuan" brand MDF, "Ganshi" brand Maifanshi wine, Maifanshi mineral water, "Shengta" brand cement, "Hongji" brand cement, Qianxi tablets, Chenxiangwei tablets, " Tianyuan” radish crisps and other products with market competitiveness, among which “Luyuan” brand MDF was awarded “Jiangxi Province Famous Brand Product”; “Shengta” brand cement was awarded “National Inspection-Free Product”; “Xinfeng Navel Orange” was marked as a trademark Has been approved and received a "green card". Xinfeng County has more than 1,000 third-level industrial enterprises. In 2010, Jiangxi Xinfeng Xinming Ginkgo Industrial Co., Ltd. was rated as a famous trademark in Jiangxi Province and a municipal leading enterprise.
Gannan medical stone, which is famous in China, is rich in reserves and of high quality, mainly concentrated in Jinpen Mountain in the county; coal resources have proven reserves of more than 70 million tons, ranking first in Ganzhou City; rare earths There are many varieties, including medium yttrium-rich europium mixed rare earth oxide, and the content of main chemical components ranks among the top in China.
By 2012, Xinfeng County had initially formed an industrial system with a complete range of categories including food, building materials, clothing, pharmaceuticals, coal, chemicals, forest products, and rare earths. Xinfeng County has 488 industrial enterprises with 28,333 employees. Products such as "Iron Stone", "Shengta" cement, medical stone wine, Qianxi tablets, Chenxiangwei tablets, "Senshi" clothing and other products have been rated as national, ministerial and provincial excellent products and have become national and provincial well-known products. brand.
Industrial Park
Since its establishment in September 2001, Xinfeng Industrial Park has completed a total investment of 318 million yuan in infrastructure and a development area of ??6.70 square kilometers. The park has formed a smooth 40-kilometer "five vertical and nine horizontal" layout of water, electricity, roads and telecommunications; it ranks among the 24 key industrial parks in Jiangxi Province, and is listed by the provincial government as a provincial circular economy pilot park and a private science and technology park.
In 2004, the industrial park was rated as a "Key Industrial Park" in Jiangxi Province and an "Advanced Industrial Park with Benefits" by the Ganzhou Municipal Government. National Highway 105 from Beijing to Zhuhai passes through 5 towns in the county. It can reach Ganzhou, Nanchang, Fuyang, Shangqiu, and Beijing in the north, and Guangzhou and Zhuhai in the south. By 2009, there were 6 provincially maintained highways and 33 county and township highways, all of which were asphalt (concrete) roads.
Three provincial highways, Xin'an, Xiongxin and Xinchi, pass through 9 towns and villages in the county, with a total length of more than 90 kilometers.
The Jiangxi-Guangdong Expressway runs through the county for more than 60 kilometers. The county bus station has large and medium-sized buses sent to large and medium-sized cities such as Ganzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Nanhai, Zhongshan, Jieyang, Shaoguan and so on every day. In 2011, Xinfeng County had more than 10 sports associations including qigong, goalball, fishing, and pigeon racing, and one amateur sports school. Since 1990, *** has won 3 gold, silver and bronze medals in national competitions, 41 in provincial competitions and 160 in prefectural (city) competitions.
At the end of 2012, Xinfeng County had 656 health institutions, including 31 hospitals. It has 1,077 hospital beds and 1,028 health technicians, including 412 practicing physicians, 102 practicing assistant physicians, 438 registered nurses, 110 pharmacists (bachelors), and 68 technicians (bachelors). In 2012, Xinfeng County ordinary high school enrolled 3,749 students, with 8,788 students and 2,300 graduates. Junior high school enrollment is 9,287, with 27,963 students and 9,319 graduates. Secondary vocational education has 2,005 enrollments, 3,528 students and 982 graduates. The primary school enrollment is 12,934, with 67,562 students and 9,754 graduates. The primary school enrollment rate for school-age children is 100%, and the school-age teenagers’ junior high school enrollment rate is 100%. The educational attainment rate of primary school teachers reaches 96.16%, the educational attainment rate of junior middle school teachers reaches 93.5%, and the educational attainment rate of high school teachers reaches 79.4%.
In 2012, the county tea-picking troupe performed *** 266 times; There is one library with a collection of 78,900 books; one museum with 9,000 visitors throughout the year. The population coverage rate of broadcasting is 98%, and the population coverage rate of television is 98%. There are 260 villages with broadcasting and 260 villages with television. The number of cable TV users reaches 46,500, an increase of 8,500 households compared with last year.