Basic Overview
Wenchuan County is located on the northwest edge of the Sichuan Basin, in the southeast of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Pengzhou City and Dujiangyan City to the east, and Chongzhou City and Dayi County to the south. It is connected to Baoxing and Xiaojin County to the west, Li County and Mao County to the northwest and northeast respectively. The county is 84 kilometers wide from east to west and 105 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of ??8,820 square kilometers and a forest coverage rate of 48%. Weizhou Town, the county seat, is located at the intersection of Minjiang River and Zagunao River in the northern part of the county, with an altitude of 1,325 meters. It is surrounded by many mountains such as Chaping Mountains and Qionglai Mountains. It is 146 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu and 246 kilometers away from the state capital Malkang. National Highway 213 and Line 317 passes through the city.
Since the restoration of the county in 1963, the county has jurisdiction over 6 towns and 8 townships, with a total population of 111,788, including 40,057 non-agricultural populations; the Qiang population is 29,839, accounting for 26.69% of the total population. One of the counties inhabited by Qiang people. The Minjiang River runs through the western part of the county and is 88 kilometers long. It mainly includes Zagunao, Yuzixi, Caopo and other rivers, with a drainage area of ??1,429 square kilometers. The county is rich in water energy resources, with a theoretical reserve of 3.48 million kilowatts and a developable capacity of 1.7 million kilowatts. Currently, 1 million kilowatts have been developed, indicating huge development potential.
It is rich in mineral resources, animal and plant resources, and its tourism resources are even more unique. It has natural landscapes such as Wolong Nature Reserve and Sanjiang Ecological Tourism Scenic Area, as well as cultural landscape resources such as Yu, Qiang culture and Three Kingdoms cultural sites. Wenchuan County is not only "the hometown of Chinese folk art - the hometown of Qiang embroidery", but also the hometown of the giant panda, a living fossil of animals. Wolong, the world's leading giant panda research center, is located in the southwest of the county. Wenchuan is the southern gate of Aba Prefecture and the "industrial economic corridor" of Aba Prefecture.
By the end of 2002, the GDP reached 1.25852 billion yuan, the total agricultural output value reached 165.43 million yuan, the total grain output reached 16,426 tons, and the per capita net income of farmers was 1,678 yuan. The adjustment of the agricultural industry structure has been further intensified, and an ecological agricultural science and technology demonstration park base of 1,500 acres and two pesticide-free IPM demonstration parks of 500 acres have been established. Two trademarks, "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand", have been registered and launched. It has five green labels for vegetables and fruits and is listed as a pollution-free vegetable and dried fruit production and construction base by the National Green Food Center. The construction of the three major forestry projects is progressing smoothly. 9,403.9 hectares of mountainous areas have been closed for afforestation, 813.4 hectares of aerial seeding afforestation, and 3,723.1 hectares of artificial afforestation have been completed; 32,800 acres of ecological forest and 4,200 acres of economic forest have been restored; and 146.0554 million hectares of sand control area have been completed. The industrial economy has developed rapidly, and investment promotion has achieved practical results. The industrial economic corridor and Shuimo Industrial Economic Park have been formed in the states and counties of Xuankou and Yingxiu areas. We are working hard to establish Taoguan Industrial Economic Park, which has scale, good benefits, and assets worth tens of millions of yuan. Among the investment-seeking enterprises, there are 6 such as Pandar Industrial Silicon Factory and Yuefa Smelting Co., Ltd.; the electric power industry has suddenly emerged. At present, more than 40 power stations of all levels have been built and put into operation, with an installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts. In early 1986, it was Rated as one of the first five "primary rural electrification counties" in the country. Tourism resources have been further developed, and scenic spots such as Sanjiang Ecological Tourism Zone, Xiqiang No. 1 Village, Jiangweicheng Ancient Cultural Site, and Luobo Village Folk Village have been developed. Remarkable achievements have been made in transportation construction. A well-connected transportation network has been built with national highways 213 and 317 as the main trunk lines and county, township and village roads as branch lines, realizing asphalt roads in every township and machined plowing roads in every village. The postal and telecommunications industry is booming. China Mobile and China Unicom communication network coverage reaches more than 85%. PHS communications have been opened in counties and major market towns, realizing program-controlled communication exchanges and digital transmission. Urban construction is changing with each passing day. The urban area of ??Weizhou, the county seat, has reached 3.53 square kilometers, and it has begun to take shape as a modern city. It has gradually formed the transportation distribution center and education and scientific research base of Aba Prefecture. “Surrounded by mountains, three mountains compete for beauty, two rivers compete for flow, and one city "New buildings across the river" is an accurate description of today's Weizhou.
Cultural and educational undertakings are advancing rapidly.
There are 6 colleges and universities in the county, including Aba Normal College, Aba Finance and Trade School, and Aba Radio and Television University, 4 state-level technical schools including state hydropower, agricultural machinery, transportation, and animal husbandry, and 3 agricultural, animal husbandry, and forestry research institutes. So it covers 9 junior and senior high schools. Weizhou Middle School, listed as a provincial key middle school, has continuously innovated its teaching methods and rapidly improved its education quality. It is at the forefront of education in the state and has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for colleges and universities inside and outside the province.
Physical Geography
Wenchuan County is located in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. It is named after Wenshui River and is one of the four counties in China where the Qiang people live together. The map coordinates are between 30°45′～31°43′ north latitude and 102°51′～103°44′ east longitude. It is 84 kilometers wide from east to west and 105 kilometers long from north to south. The county covers an area of ??8,820 square kilometers; the population is 110,118 (in 2000), and the main ethnic groups are Han, Qiang, Tibetan and Hui. It is surrounded by county-level administrative regions, Pengzhou and Dujiangyan City in the east, Chongzhou and Dayi County in the south, Baoxing County and Xiaojin County in the west, and Li County and Mao County from northwest to northeast respectively. There is Wolong Nature Reserve within the territory, which is the research and main breeding ground for giant pandas, and Siguniang Mountain is the main tourist attraction. The county seat is Weizhou Town.
Wenchuan is located on the northwest edge of the Sichuan Basin. The Longmen Mountains and Qionglai Mountains are located in the northeast and southwest of the county respectively; the Minjiang River and its tributaries Zagunao River, Caopo River and Shoujiang River are the main rivers in the territory
Wenchuan was named after the West Wenshui River (now Minjiang River) in the county. It was Mianhui County in the Western Han Dynasty. It was changed to Wenshan County in the Western Jin Dynasty and became Wenshan County. It was first named Wenchuan County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It has been 1,400 years ago. Years of history. In 1952, the county seat was moved from Mianhui to Weizhou; in 1958, Maoxian County, Wenchuan County, and Li County merged to form "Maowen Qiang Autonomous County"; in 1962, Wenchuan County was restored to the present day.
On December 5, 2007, Wenchuan County was awarded the honorable title of 2007 National Advanced County in Cultural Relics Work by the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.
Plant Resources
The mountains in Wenchuan County are majestic and tall, with huge differences in relative altitude. Light and precipitation conditions change with altitude, which also affects the distribution of forest and vegetation community types and plants. Formation of band spectrum. The plant resources here are very rich, with a wide variety of families and genera, with 4,000 species in total. There is a unique wild Davidia involucrata forest distributed in large tracts in the country, accompanied by more than 20 species of water green trees, lianxiang trees, bole trees and other rare trees under national protection. There are also many famous and ancient trees and "national fragrance" orchids, which give people a rich artistic conception and various aesthetic feelings in terms of rarity, grace and ancient beauty. In terms of forest vegetation, special forests and shrubs account for 82.85% of the forest vegetation area, while sparse woodland, unafforested woodland, and trace regeneration land account for only 17.15%, which shows the richness of its forest resources. It is rich in tourism, natural and cultural landscape resources, and the development of the "Sanjiang Ecological Tourism Zone" is beginning to take shape. Today, when "rejuvenating the country through science and education" is advocated, Wenchuan County Wuning provides the most extensive "natural teaching laboratory" to improve people's spiritual and cultural quality, enhance science and education knowledge, study the impact of environmental changes on human beings, and grasp the future.
Animal resources
Wenchuan County has a large number of animal resources. Judging from the specimens collected so far: there are more than 20 orders and more than 700 species of insects, of which Coleoptera alone has 33 families and 482 species. There are 6 species of fish, 9 species of amphibians, 208 species of birds, and 96 species of mammals. Among these animals, there are not only southern animals that like temperature and humidity, such as macaques, clouded leopards, sambar deer, and civets, but also plateau and northern animals that are resistant to severe cold, such as wildebeest, lynx, horse bear, white-lipped deer, and white-eared pheasant. Among them, 4 species of rare animals are under national first-level protection, including giant pandas and golden monkeys; 17 species are under second-level protection, including red pandas, snow leopards, and red-bellied pheasants; and 8 species are under third-level protection, including forest musk deer and golden eagles. 29 types in total. Pheasants are one of the most distinctive animals in Wolong. Among the 56 species in the country, Wolong accounts for 11 species, most of which are nationally protected species.
Mineral Resources
Wenchuan County has complex geological structures, well-developed strata, wide distribution of magmatic rocks, and rich mineral resources, especially non-metallic minerals.
Tourism
Wenchuan County in Aba Prefecture has very obvious geographical and location advantages. It is only 70 kilometers away from Chengdu and is known as the southern gate of Aba Prefecture. This is not only one of the only four counties in the country inhabited by the Qiang people, but also the hometown of Chinese folk art - the hometown of Qiang embroidery. It is also the hometown of the giant panda, a living fossil, and the world's leading giant panda. Research Center——Wolong. The county's water energy resource reserves reach 3.48 million kilowatts, making it an important energy supplier in the western Sichuan Plain. Entering Wenchuan, what is revealed to the world is an ecological paradise! A "natural oxygen bar" closest to the city! A tourist destination that is most suitable for urbanites to relax! The climate here is mild, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. The travel comfort period here is very long, and the comfortable time here is 23 to 24 hours a day in summer. The quality of the living environment here is extremely high, and the atmospheric environment quality is national first-class, with an air pollution index It is 25, which is 1/5 of the city; the surface water environmental quality is at the national first level and is rich in minerals and vitamins. Taking only Sanjiang, Caopo, Wolong and other ecological scenic spots as examples, the daily oxygen release is 1,500 tons, and the negative ion content in the air reaches 150 per cubic centimeter, which is 1,000 times higher than that of some major cities. In some large cities, it is 100 to 1,000 times lower.
When you enter Wenchuan, you will enjoy unique short-distance tourism and urban vacation and leisure tourism that integrate nature, ecology, and Tibetan and Qiang folk customs. You can trace the world's oldest Qiang culture and the gorgeous Qiang embroidery; admire the Qiang villages, tower houses and Qiong cages that have survived for thousands of years and still stand under the snow-capped mountains. The suspension tubes and zip lines known as the world's pioneers of bridges are still there The fragrance fills the sky above the canyon.
Enter Wenchuan, rock climbing, rafting, gliding, scientific exploration, camping, survival challenges, orienteering, rail gliding, Qiang zipline, sunbathing beach, Tibetan Qiang party, Xiqiang medicine steaming, etc. It can cultivate the body and mind and strengthen the body.
Walk into Wenchuan and see all the spring scenery in the world: countless giant trees with a diameter of several meters form unique forests, with rhododendron, nan, involucrata, incense, osmanthus, and orchid forming a unique forest. The fragrant sea, fragrant road, fragrant mountain, especially the dozens of species of rhododendrons blooming from spring to winter are extremely beautiful. Summer is the best season to see columbine flowers. This is the only place in the world where you can see such spectacular scenery. Starting from April, the flowers change from light green to milky white to brown. The mountain breeze blows and thousands of flowers move together, like pairs of white doves spreading their wings. In autumn, if you look around, the mountains are red and the forests are dyed; in winter, Rime, ice hanging, and ice waterfall are the elves of snow, while snow lotus and wintersweet are the angels of snow.
Walking into Wenchuan, various bases supported by ecology come into view: the county has built more than 3,000 acres of high-quality tea bases in Shuimo Town, and more than 1,000 acres of high-quality tea bases in Sanjiang Township. Kiwi fruit base and more than 2,000 acres of "Kuding Tea" base in Xuanying area; an "Agricultural Ecological Science and Technology Demonstration Park" base covering an area of ??1,500 acres has been built in Buwa Mountain, Weizhou Town, and a "Agricultural Ecological Science and Technology Demonstration Park" base has been built in Sanguan Temple, Mian Town. The "Economic and Ecological Demonstration Park" covers an area of ??3,000 acres, as well as a number of high-standard characteristic agricultural bases such as the Qipangou Loquat Garden and the Pear and Date Garden in Keku Township. It has also registered and launched two trademarks, "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand", and 5 green labels for vegetables and fruits. It has been listed as a pollution-free vegetable and dried fruit production and construction base by the National Green Food Center; the county has developed commercial vegetables There are more than 30 varieties, an ecological agriculture base with a planting area of ??more than 30,000 acres, more than 7,000 acres of high-quality tea, 8,000 acres of sweet cherries, 3,000 acres of loquats, and 4,000 acres of small fruits; in another three years, the county will Four bases of 10,000 acres of high-quality sweet cherries, 10,000 acres of high-quality loquats, 10,000 acres of high-quality small fruits such as kiwi and sweet persimmons, and 10,000 acres of high-quality tea have been built respectively.
The tower body has nine levels of dense eaves, which are gradually retracted from bottom to top. The eaves of each floor of the tower are made of stacked bricks and projected outwards. The height of each floor decreases from bottom to top. There is a small arched window in the middle of each face of each floor, and the top is a hexagonal spire. The tower is 21 meters high.
On the inner wall of the first floor of the tower, there is an inscription: "Yao Chuidian's desert training edict damaged the construction, but it was prosperous and Gou Hanzhang was built. Xie Yinchang built it. It was established in the 24th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1844)." "Guanxian Chronicle" also records that the Jiulan Pagoda was "built by Yao Qinglan, a scholar from the Qing Dynasty". Jionglan Tower is a Feng Shui tower and one of the eight scenic spots in Xuankou Town. State-level cultural relics protection unit.
Qipangou is located in the south of Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, about 7 kilometers away from the county. The ditch is about 30 kilometers long. The mouth of the ditch is 1,500 meters above sea level. The Bailong Pond on the top of the ditch is 4,020 meters long. The ditch is more than 300 meters wide and only about 1 meter narrow. There is abundant rainfall and dense vegetation in the ditch. It is a mountainous scenic area dominated by natural scenery.
The entire ditch landscape can be divided into upper and lower sections. The upper section is about 6 kilometers long from Bailongchi to Xuehuaping, with a large slope drop from 4020 meters to 3418 meters. This section is a typical "Pengguan Zagu" fault zone. The mountains are as steep as a knife and an axe, and the peaks are in various shapes. Bailongchi is an alpine barrier lake shaped like a gourd, with deep pools of clear water. It falls from the water outlet to form multi-level waterfalls, among which there are more than 10 waterfalls over 50 meters. The lower section runs from Xuehuaping to Goushi in Goukou Town. The water flow is slow and changeable, flowing among lush forests and bamboos, with a total length of about 15 kilometers. The terrain is flat and open with towering peaks on both sides, wild flowers everywhere and green grass. Xuefhuaping Waterfall is the most spectacular.
The climate here is mild and the vegetation is luxuriant. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, it can be roughly divided into the mountainous subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, the mountainous warm temperate zone coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest belt, the mountainous cold temperate zone dark coniferous forest belt, and the subalpine There are five vertically distributed plant zones, the subarctic shrub-meadow zone and the alpine boreal meadow zone, with a wide variety of plants and rich animal resources.
Wolong Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on the southeast slope of the Qionglai Mountains, 130 kilometers away from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, with convenient transportation. The reserve was founded in 1963, covering an area of ??200,000 hectares. It is one of the earliest comprehensive national reserves in China. It is a "popular science education base" and "patriotism education base" named by the country and Sichuan Province. The reserve currently has a population of 5,343 people, of which 4,550 are agricultural people.
In 1980, the reserve joined the UNESCO "Man and the Biosphere" protected area network, and cooperated with the World Wildlife Fund to establish the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas. In March 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the two communes of Wolong and Gengda in Wenchuan County within the Wolong Nature Reserve were designated as the Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County. They implemented a dual leadership system of the ministry and the province and were managed by the Forestry Department. In July of the same year, the provincial government and the former Ministry of Forestry jointly made the decision to change the Wolong Special Administrative Region of Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province into the Wenchuan Wolong Special Administrative Region of Sichuan Province, establishing a comprehensive management system co-located with the Wolong Nature Reserve Administration.
Wolong Nature Reserve is famous both at home and abroad as the "Hometown of Pandas", "Precious Biological Gene Bank" and "Natural Animal and Botanical Garden". It is rich in animal, plant and mineral resources. There are more than 100 giant pandas distributed in the area, accounting for about 10% of the total number in the country. There are 56 species of other rare and endangered animals such as golden monkeys and takin that are listed as national key protected animals. Among them, 12 species are classified as national first-level protected wild animals and 44 species are second-class protected animals. According to other animal species in the statistical area, there are 450 species of vertebrates, including 103 species of mammals, 283 species of birds, 21 species of amphibians, 25 species of reptiles, 18 species of fish; and about 1,700 species of insects. According to statistics of collected plant specimens, there are nearly 4,000 species of plants in the area. There are 1,989 species of higher plants. Among seed plants, there are 20 species of gymnosperms and 1,604 species of angiosperms. There are 24 species of rare and endangered plants listed as nationally protected, among which the first-level protected plants include Davidia involucrata, Lianxiang tree, and Shuiqing tree, 9 species of second-level protected plants, and 13 species of third-level protected plants. The reserve also has abundant water energy reserves.
Wolong Nature Reserve has unique geographical conditions, complex landform types, beautiful scenery, diverse landscape types, and pleasant climate. It integrates mountains, water, forests, caves, danger, steepness, wonder, and beauty. Rich Tibetan and Qiang ethnic culture.
There are considerable national protected animal breeding grounds for giant pandas, red pandas, golden monkeys, etc. in the area; there is the world-famous "Wuyipeng" Giant Panda Field Observation Station; and there is the first museum in China that focuses on a single biological species so far. Giant Panda Museum.
Over the years, Wolong Nature Reserve has focused on the goal of building a first-class national nature reserve, adhered to the policy of protection and rational utilization, and actively carried out protection, scientific research, community building and other work to make the giant panda-dominated Wildlife resources and alpine ecosystems are effectively protected. Since its establishment, the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda has, through unremitting efforts, successfully overcome the three major difficulties in the artificial breeding of captive giant pandas: "difficulty in estrus, difficulty in mating and conception, and difficulty in survival of cubs". The artificial breeding of giant pandas has produced 48 births. , 72 cubs, and 59 cubs survived. The cub survival rate has reached 100 for 5 consecutive years. The total number of giant pandas in captivity has reached more than 80, accounting for 60% of the world's captive population. At the same time, it has also cultivated and trained one of the most dynamic giant panda scientific research teams in the world. It has published 8 academic monographs and more than 200 scientific research papers. 4 of them have won the Ministry and Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Awards, and 5 people have won the Outstanding Science and Technology Paper Award. Giant panda adoption activities have been carried out around the world. The reserve actively seeks foreign cooperation and establishes a cooperative development mechanism. At present, the economy in the region has been effectively developed and people's living standards have been significantly improved. In 2004, the per capita income of the region reached 2,074.39 yuan, an increase of 234.21 yuan over 2003. Infrastructure construction has been fundamentally improved, and the construction and development of protected areas has developed in a virtuous cycle that is consistent with China's national conditions.
Wolong Nature Reserve was founded in 1963 and covers an area of ??200,000 hectares. It is a nature reserve mainly dedicated to protecting rare wild animals and plants such as giant pandas and alpine forest ecosystems. The reserve joined UNESCO's "Man and the Biosphere" protected area network in 1980 and was included in the World Natural Heritage List in 2006. In 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the Wenchuan Wolong Special Administrative Region of Sichuan Province was established, with one township and one town under its jurisdiction and more than 4,500 farmers. The protected area is directly under the State Forestry Administration, and the special zone is under the Sichuan Provincial Government. Both the Ministry and the Province entrust the Provincial Forestry Department to manage it. The special zones and protected areas implement a management system of “two brands, one team, and shared offices”.
Wolong is located in the alpine valley area where the Sichuan Basin transitions to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The area has unique natural conditions, complex landforms, beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, and extremely rich wildlife resources. It enjoys the title of "Hometown of Pandas" It is known as a "precious broad-spectrum biological gene bank" and a "natural zoological and botanical garden". It has 81 species of rare and endangered animals and plants under national key protection and 143 wild giant pandas, accounting for nearly 10% of my country's existing wild giant panda resources. Wolong is a "National Science Education Base" and a "Patriotism Education Base" named by the Sichuan Provincial Government; it is a "National Nature Reserve Demonstration Unit" of the State Forestry Administration. In October 2006, it was rated as "National Nature Reserve Management Advanced Group" by seven ministries and commissions including the State Environmental Protection Administration, State Forestry Administration and Ministry of Agriculture. It was also rated as "China's Most Desirable Tourist Attraction" by China Tourism Television Association. Awarded "the gold medal title of the hometown of China's most coveted giant panda".
The main attractions include the Giant Panda Garden, China Wolong Giant Panda Museum, Panda Valley, Zhenghe, Dengsheng Primeval Forest, Balang Mountain Alpine Meadow and other attractions.
Economic Resources
Wenchuan County has complex geological structures, well-developed strata, wide distribution of magmatic rocks, and rich mineral resources, especially non-metallic minerals. The climate rises from southeast to northwest, showing a relatively complete vertical pattern. It can be divided into eight different natural climate zones, so there is a saying that "the sky is different in ten miles". However, the trend of wetness in the south (Xuankou and Yingxiu areas) and drought in the north (Weizhou and Mianchi areas) is obvious. Light, heat, and water are unevenly distributed, which is conducive to the development of diversified agricultural production. It is one of the important agricultural counties in the state. . In the area below 2,000 meters, the average annual temperature is 13.5℃ (north) to 14.1℃ (south), the frost-free period is 247-269 days, the rainfall is 528.7-1,332.2 mm, and the sunshine is 1,693.9-1,042.2 hours, which is suitable for the growth of various animals and plants.
It is rich in biological resources, with more than 4,000 plant species, including 2,002 species of higher plants; 2,004 species of wild animals, including 45 rare species including giant pandas and golden monkeys.
Before 1950, people of all ethnic groups in Wenchuan County struggled in extreme poverty. Single agricultural production is primitive and extensive, and the production methods of slash-and-burn and extensive planting with poor harvests still exist. A year's hard work is less than half a year's food, and they rely on digging medicine, boiling alkaline, and carrying transportation to maintain food and clothing. When natural disasters occur, many families are destroyed and people die. According to statistics in 1949, the county's total agricultural output value was only 4.21 million yuan (based on 1980 constant prices, the same below), with an average per capita of 110.59 yuan; the total grain output was 6.905 million kilograms, with an average of 131.4 kilograms per capita; there were 22,080 livestock of all types, with an average per capita of 110.59 yuan. 0.58 heads. After liberation, the Communist Party of China and the People's Government paid great attention to the production development in ethnic minority areas, giving priority to the development of transportation, construction of water conservancy, continuous improvement of production conditions, and comprehensive social and economic development. Wen County has unique geographical advantages and the cause of socialist construction is advancing with each passing day. In 1963, the Guanmao Highway reached Weizhou along the east bank of the Minjiang River, connecting 8 towns in the north and south of the county. Later, Wen-Mao (county), Wen-li (county), Wen-Mao (county), Zhong (Tanbao) ~ Xiao (Jin), Xuan (kou) ~ San (Jiang) highway form the county's main transportation line. With the development of production, various forms have been adopted, and nearly a thousand kilometers of rural roads, special roads, and tractor roads have been built successively to form the county's transportation network. It can reach surrounding counties by car, with daily traffic of thousands of vehicles, and can reach towns and most villages within. The county has built more than 200 water conservancy facilities and irrigated 17,186 acres of cultivated land, which has basically solved the difficulties in agricultural production and drinking water for humans and animals in the northern dry valley area, and has eliminated the pain of relying on the weather for generations. At the same time, hydropower was also developed. Provinces, prefectures, and counties built more than 20 large, medium, and small hydropower stations. In 1985, it became one of the first five rural primary electrification counties in the country, laying the foundation for the rapid development of Wenchuan's industrial and agricultural production. Base. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups in the county focused on economic construction, adhered to the "Four Basic Principles", adhered to reform and opening up, based on agriculture, followed the path of comprehensive development of agriculture, industry and commerce, and material civilization and The construction of spiritual civilization has been carried out together, and the county's economic and social undertakings have maintained sustained, stable and coordinated development. By the end of 1990, the county's total agricultural output value had reached 22.82 million yuan, an increase of 5.4 times over 1990; the per capita output was 337 yuan, a three-fold increase over 1949; the total grain output was 60.24 million kilograms, an increase of 8.7 times, and the per capita output was 890 kilograms, an increase of 8.7 times. 6.8 times; 73,303 livestock of all types, an increase of 3 times, and an average of 1.08 animals per capita, an increase of 53.7%. Industry has grown from scratch and has established an industrial system focusing on hydropower, building materials, mining, coal, and processing. The total industrial output value reached 21.88 million yuan, accounting for 48.95% of the total industrial and agricultural output value of 44.7 million yuan; After 1978, emerging township and village enterprises developed greatly. Each township and village established its own small enterprises according to local conditions, including building materials, construction, processing, transportation, small hydropower, mining (coal, emery, quartz stone, gypsum) and other categories. The output value reached 18.95 million yuan, equivalent to 42.39% of the county's total industrial and agricultural output value. At the same time, the province and prefecture have successively established more than 20 small and medium-sized enterprises in the county, including hydropower, machinery manufacturing, mining, smelting, papermaking, pharmaceuticals, building materials, chemicals, and light industry, collectively forming the Minjiang Economic Corridor. : Weizhou Town in the north is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the county; Yingxiu Town in the middle is an emerging hydropower industrial zone; Xuankou Town in the south is the state and county industrial production base.
With the development of industrial and agricultural production, bazaars are thriving. All kinds of commercial outlets are densely distributed in urban and rural areas, and both buying and selling are booming. At the end of 1990, the social retail sales reached 71.53 million yuan, of which the retail sales of county-owned commodities was 61.23 million yuan. Domestic net purchases amounted to 18.28 million yuan, including 4.07 million yuan of agricultural and sideline products. At the end of 1990, fiscal revenue reached 12.4 million yuan, which was 400% of the 30,000 yuan in 1950 and 2.4 times of the 5.08 million yuan in 1980. It turned from relying on state subsidies to basically self-sufficiency.
The per capita annual salary of employees is 2,104 yuan, an increase of nearly 4 times from 533.95 yuan in 1978; the annual net income of farmers reaches 543 yuan, an increase of 5.3 times from 101.12 yuan in 1978. The amount of urban and rural savings reached 63.19 million yuan. The people of the county have basically solved the problem of food and clothing, the content and structure of consumption are diversified, and they are gradually moving towards high-quality development.
Historical evolution
Since the Han Dynasty, Wenjiang, Mianchi, Wenshan, Wenchuan and other constructions were named after the Minjiang River in the territory. According to the "Yuanhe County Chronicle": Wenchuan County is "named for the West Wenshui River in the county." In ancient times, "Wen" and "Min" were used interchangeably, so Minjiang was also pronounced as Wenjiang.
In ancient times, in the year of the Ranmu (sān) tribe (111 BC), Wenshan County was established in the land of Ranmu, with jurisdiction over 5 counties including Mianchi. Mianchi was the county and the former site of the county is in today's Weizhou Town. Jiang Weicheng. Mianchi County was changed to Mianchi Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Mianchi County was changed to Wenchuan County in the Western Jin Dynasty. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the overseas Chinese from Wenchuan County moved to Du'an (today's Dujiangyan City) and Mianchi County was abandoned. Xiao Liang established Wenchuan County in Mianchi County, a province in the Western Wei Dynasty. In the third year of Tianhe of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (568), Wenchuan County was reestablished, and the county seat remained in Jiangweicheng until the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty when Hanshuiyi (now the seat of the Mianchi Township Government of Wenchuan County) was governed.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Fenchuan County was moved to Weizhou in 1952. In 1958, Wenchuan County was merged with Maoxian County and Lixian County to form Maowen Qiang Autonomous County. Restored in 1963. At the end of 1990, the county was administratively organized into 3 towns and 14 townships.
At about 14:28:04.0 on May 12, 2008, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County. For details, see Baidu Encyclopedia "Wenchuan Earthquake".
Customs
Because Luobo Village is located in a high mountain, the Qiang culture here has not been impacted by foreign cultures in the past, so it has basically maintained its original customs. The custom of Qiang boys and girls falling in love and singing folk songs due to each other has been followed here for thousands of years. During the Qiang festival every year, in the village, the boys and girls not only sing affectionately to each other, but also dance the Guozhuang dance around the firepit with the villagers and eat. They eat large pieces of meat, drink homemade rice wine, sip wine, play Qiang flute, suona, harmonica, and sheepskin drum all night long. The lively scene is full of strong western Qiang ethnic characteristics.
Women are called handkerchiefs here. Women usually weave cloth, cook, and raise livestock at home. Calling a man the top veil means the one who holds the most important things. In the Qiang Village during the off-farm season, the men go out to work, the women bring out their sewing baskets, and the terraces and thresholds are filled with embroiderers. The Qiang people live in the mountains, very close to the clouds. After the rain, the clouds rise even more. The clouds give them inspiration. They embroider the clouds on their shoes (as well as the cuffs, skirts, trouser legs, and headbands) and step on the clouds under their feet. , walking in the clouds every step of the way, living life on the clouds. Even the men in the village who no longer wear traditional clothes still wear Yunyun shoes without exception. The bright and exquisite Yunyun shoes are very eye-catching under the men's blue and black Hanfu, adding tenderness to the heroic Qiang men.
The clothes of the Qiang people are mostly made of self-produced hemp and spun into threads, commonly known as "linen shirts". Shirts are mostly blue. Men wear a belt around their waists, and women wear flower aprons around their waists. They wear sleeveless sheepskin jackets and straw sandals or "yunyun shoes" (Qiang embroidered cloth shoes). Due to the influence of the outside world, some young Qiang people in Luobo Village now wear Han attire.
The Qiang people’s cross-stitching and embroidery craftsmanship are exquisite and have been widely popular as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Qiang women in Luobo Village have been trained in cross-stitching and embroidery techniques since childhood. They often engage in activities such as spinning, weaving linen, cross-stitching, and embroidery after farming. They do embroidery and embroidery without making patterns or lines. They rely entirely on their own ideas. They freely use five-color silk and cotton threads to embroider patterns with Qiang characteristics, such as colorful geometric patterns, lifelike flowers and flowers. animals etc. Looking at the cross-stitch embroidery of the women in Luobo Village, most of the stitching methods are cross-stitch. In addition, there are several kinds of stitches, such as Nahua, fiber embroidery, chain buckle and hand embroidery. Cotton threads are mostly used for cross-stitching, and the colors are mostly black and white. The patterns are exquisite and meticulous, and appear simple and bright. The patterns of Nahua and Fiber flowers are delicate and gorgeous, with strong color contrast.
The chain buckle reflects the strong, simple, rough and bold artistic style of the Qiang people. Most of the cross-stitch and embroidery patterns are taken from folk production and life scenes, including flowers, grass, melons, fruits, birds, and people. These patterns and scenery are exquisite and beautiful in form, auspicious in content, and full of longing for a happy life. The main traditional patterns include "flowers in bloom", "harmonious fish and water", "melons and melons" and dozens of other patterns, which are addictive.
Each family in the village is an independent individual, but it is also an indispensable part of the big family. "Returning work to help each other" is a long-standing traditional custom in the village. If any family has something to do, everyone in the village comes to help. Weddings, funerals, and house repairs are major family events. Whenever something like this happens, he first consults with the tribesmen of his own surname, and then informs everyone in the village that a family must provide at least four workers (one worker means that one person from a family has to help out for a day), without any price or reward. Just do whatever you can, and no one will be lazy or slip away. This situation is the same in all Qiang villages, the only difference lies in the algorithm of one worker.
Economic Overview
Wenchuan is the southern gate of Aba Prefecture and the "industrial economic corridor" of Aba Prefecture. By the end of 2002, the GDP reached 1,258.52 million yuan, the total agricultural output value reached 165.43 million yuan, the total grain output reached 16,426 tons, and the per capita net income of farmers was 1,678 yuan. The agricultural industry structure adjustment has been further intensified, and an ecological agriculture science and technology demonstration park base of 1,500 acres and two pesticide-free IPM demonstration parks of 500 acres have been established. Two trademarks, "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand" and five trademarks have been registered and launched. It has a green label for vegetables and fruits, and is listed as a pollution-free vegetable and dried fruit production and construction base by the National Green Food Center. The construction of the three major forestry projects is progressing smoothly. 9,403.9 hectares of mountainous areas have been closed for afforestation, 813.4 hectares of aerial seeding afforestation, and 3,723.1 hectares of artificial afforestation have been completed; 32,800 acres of ecological forest and 4,200 acres of economic forest have been restored; and 146.0554 million hectares of sand control area have been completed. The industrial economy has developed rapidly, and investment promotion has achieved practical results. The industrial economic corridor and Shuimo Industrial Economic Park have been formed in the states and counties of Xuankou and Yingxiu areas. We are working hard to establish Taoguan Industrial Economic Park, which has scale, good benefits, and assets worth tens of millions of yuan. Among the investment-seeking enterprises, there are 6 such as Pandar Industrial Silicon Factory and Yuefa Smelting Co., Ltd.; the electric power industry has suddenly emerged. At present, more than 40 power stations of all levels have been built and put into operation, with an installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts. In early 1986, it was Rated as one of the first five "primary rural electrification counties" in the country.
Tourism resources have been further developed, and scenic spots such as Sanjiang Ecological Tourism Zone, Xiqiang No. 1 Village, Jiangweicheng Ancient Cultural Site, and Luobo Village Folk Village have been developed. Remarkable achievements have been made in transportation construction. A well-connected transportation network has been built with national highways 213 and 317 as the main trunk lines and county, township and village roads as branch lines, realizing asphalt roads in every township and machined plowing roads in every village. The postal and telecommunications industry is booming. China Mobile and China Unicom communication network coverage reaches more than 85%. PHS communications have been opened in counties and major market towns, realizing program-controlled communication exchanges and digital transmission. Urban construction is changing with each passing day. The urban area of ??Weizhou, the county seat, has reached 3.53 square kilometers, and it has begun to take shape as a modern city. It has gradually formed the transportation distribution center and education and scientific research base of Aba Prefecture. “Surrounded by mountains, three mountains compete for beauty, two rivers compete for flow, and one city "New buildings across the river" is an accurate description of today's Weizhou.
Administrative divisions
Wenchuan County is located on the northwest edge of the Sichuan Basin, in the southeast of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Pengzhou City and Dujiangyan City to the east, and Chongzhou City and Dayi County to the south. It is connected to Baoxing and Xiaojin counties to the west, Li County and Maoxian county to the northwest and northeast respectively.
Pinyin: wèn chuān xiàn
Code: 513221
Postcode: 623000
County People’s Government in Weizhou Town
In 2004, Wenchuan County governed 6 towns (Weizhou Town, Xuankou Town, Yingxiu Town, Shuimo Town, Mianli Town, and Wolong Town) and 8 townships (Yanmen, Keku, Longxi, Caopo , Ginkgo, Gengda, Baihua, Sanjiang).