Bian Que is good at using four diagnostic methods, especially pulse diagnosis and inspection to diagnose diseases. Historical Records? Biography of Bian Que Canggong recorded two medical records related to him: one was to diagnose Zhao Zijian's illness by pulse diagnosis, and the other was to diagnose Qi Huanhou's illness by observation.
On one occasion, when he arrived in the State of Jin (now Shanxi, Hebei and Henan), he met Zhao Jianzi, the minister of the State of Jin, who had been unconscious for five days because of his "preoccupation with state affairs". The doctors (official names) were so scared that they called Bian Que for treatment. Bian Que felt his pulse and came out of the room. Someone followed the inquiry about the illness and looked very anxious. Bian Que said quietly to him, "The patient's pulse is beating as usual, so you don't have to make a fuss! Within three days, he will recover. " Sure enough, after two and a half days, Zhao Jianzi woke up. It is Bian Que's initiative to accurately diagnose diseases by pulse-taking. Sima Qian, a famous historian, highly praised: "Up to now, Bian Que has been the one who has spoken the words." Fan Wenlan, a modern historian, also said: Bian Que "was the founder of pulse-taking therapy".
On another occasion, when he was passing through Linzi, the capital of Qi State, he met Qi Huanhou, the monarch of Qi State. Seeing that Qi Huan-hou's complexion was not good, he concluded that he was ill, and he bluntly said to him, "You are sick on the skin, and if you don't treat him soon, it will get worse." Huan Hou didn't agree, saying, I'm not sick. "Bian Que saw that he didn't listen to advice and went away. At this time, Huan Hou said to the people around him: "All doctors are greedy for fame and fortune. They don't have the skills, so they treat people who are not sick as sick to show their skills and take advantage of utility. " Five days later, Bian Que came to see Qi Huanhou again. After making some observations, he said to Qi Huanhou, "Your illness has reached the blood, and it will get worse if you don't treat it." Huan Hou was very unhappy and didn't take Bian Que's words to heart. Five days later, Bian Que came to see Qi Huanhou again. After careful observation, he said to him seriously: "Your disease enters between the stomach and intestines, and if you don't treat it, it will be hopeless!" JiHuan hou listened to very angry, of course, also ignored Bian Que. When Bian Que came to see Huan Hou for the fourth time, he only glanced at it and hurriedly ran away. Qi Huan Hou found that Bian Que ignored himself, so he sent someone to ask. Bian Que said: "The disease is on the surface of the skin, which can be cured by ironing with soup;" The disease enters the blood stream and can be cured by acupuncture; When the disease reaches the stomach, it can be cured with wine. Now that Qi Huanhou's illness has penetrated into the bone marrow, there is no rule of law anymore, so I have to avoid it. " Five days later, Qi Huan Hou was seriously ill and sent for Bian Que to treat him. Bian Que had already fled Qi, and Qi Huan Hou died soon because he missed the opportunity to treat him. As early as more than 2,4 years ago, Bian Que could see the location and development of the disease from the look of Qi Huan Hou, which was not simple. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist in the Han Dynasty, praised the Jedi and said, "I can't help sighing for his talent and talent when I look at the diagnosis of Yue and look at the color of Qi Hou."
Bian Que is not only good at pulse-taking and observation, but also good at using acupuncture, massage, ironing, stone-picking, surgery and decoction to treat various diseases. On one occasion, he and his disciples Ziyang, Zibao and others passed by the State of Guo. Prince Guo happened to be ill and was very ill. People thought he was dead. To this end, large-scale prayer activities are being held throughout the country, putting aside all state affairs. Bian Que found the middle concubine (the attendant of the prince) and asked, "What's wrong with the prince?" The concubines replied, "The prince is evil. I can't vent the evil spirits and suddenly fainted and died! " Bian Que learned more about the various conditions of the prince's illness, and said to the concubines with confidence: "You go in and inform Guo Jun that I can save the prince! However, the concubines didn't believe that Bian Que could "come back to life" and refused to report it. Moreover, they mocked Bian Que and said, "You don't have the skill of an ancient famous doctor, but you say that you can save the prince, and even an ignorant baby will know that you are a liar!" Bian Que said angrily, "You are looking at the sky from a bamboo tube. To tell you the truth, I, Qin Yueren, can tell the location of the disease without waiting to feel the pulse, look at the color, listen to the sound and examine the patient's form. If you don't believe me, try to see the prince. His ears should ring, his nose should flap, and it should be warm from his thigh to his genitals. " Hearing this, the bastard couldn't help but be dumbfounded. Because Bian Que has never seen the prince, but through repeated inquiries, he knows the condition of the prince like the back of his hand and speaks clearly, which shows that he is very capable and cannot be underestimated. The bastard had to go in and report. When Bi Jun learned the news, he was taken aback and quickly came out to meet Bian Que, saying, "I've been longing for your name for a long time, but I didn't have the opportunity to meet you; Mr. Wang passed by my small country, but thanks to his initiative to help, it is really my luck! With the help of my husband, my son can live; Without the help of Mr. Wang, he had to bury his body in the ravine. " Say, "runny nose is long", crying so sadly. Bian Que told Guo Jun that the prince suffered from "corpse syncope" (similar to today's shock or suspended animation). So, Bian Que asked disciple Ziyang to grind the needle stone and put a needle in Baihui point in the central depression of the crown prince's head. After a while, the prince woke up. Then he asked disciple Zibao to do medicine ironing therapy under the threat of the prince. Soon, the prince can sit up. After another 2 days of decoction, Prince Guo recovered completely. From then on, everyone knows that Bian Que has the art of "bringing back the dead". But he said realistically that it was not that he could save the dead, but that the patient didn't really die at all. He just used appropriate treatment to save the prince from dying.
From the above cases, it can be seen that Bian Que has comprehensively applied the "four diagnosis" principles in China-looking, hearing, asking and feeling. He said to himself: "The more people are the right way, the more they can feel the pulse, look at the color, listen to the sound, write the shape, and tell where the disease is." This has fully demonstrated that Bian Que used the "four diagnostic methods" in clinic.
It can be said that Bian Que laid the foundation of traditional medical diagnosis method in China. No wonder Sima Qian praised him, saying, "Bian Que speaks medicine, and he abides by what is right. Keep the number smart, and the later generations will repair (follow) the order, and it will be easy to change. "
He spent his whole life seriously summing up predecessors' and folk experiences, and combined with his own medical practice, made outstanding contributions to Chinese medicine in diagnosis, pathology and treatment. Bian Que's medical experience plays an important role in the history of Chinese medicine and has a great influence on the development of Chinese medicine. Therefore, the medical community has always regarded Bian Que as the founder of ancient Chinese medicine, saying that he is "the sage of China" and "the founder of ancient medicine." Fan Wenlan called him "the first person to sum up experience" in A General History of China.
In academic research, Bian Que is not satisfied with one skill and one method. Instead, he is proficient in one subject and is proficient in several subjects according to the objective and practical needs, so as to be versatile. For example, when he went to Handan, the capital of Yue State, he saw that local women were more ill, so he worked hard on gynecological diseases and became a "doctor", which cured many women's diseases for many years; When he went to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he saw that many local elderly people suffered from diseases of visual hearing loss, so he focused on the study of ENT diseases and became a "doctor with eyes and ears", which cured many elderly people's facial diseases and made many old people recover from deafness and blindness. He went to Xianyang, the capital of Qin State, and saw the high incidence of local children. He studied the causes of children's illness and became a "pediatric doctor", which cured many children's frequently-occurring diseases. It can be seen that Bian Que is not only proficient in internal medicine, but also in pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, ent, and even surgery; In diagnosis, he is not only proficient in "feeling pulse", but also good at "looking at color, listening to sound and writing shape"; In terms of treatment, he is not only proficient in acupuncture, but also good at using bian stone, ironing, massage, surgery, decoction and so on. Can be described as a versatile folk doctor.
in ancient times, theocracy was above everything else. Witchcraft is dominant. By the Warring States Period in Bian Que, the separation of medicine and witchcraft had begun. Bian Que completely abandoned the blind alley of witch doctors on the road of medical research. Bian Bian Que once explicitly declared that "believing in witches but not doctors" is one of the "six incurable diseases". In order to defend the medicine of the motherland, he gave his life. At that time, Qin Wuwang was ill, and Bian Que, who is famous all over the world, was called to treat him. One day, Li Yi, the doctor who cured too much, and a group of civil and military ministers hurried out to dissuade him, saying that Bian Que might not be able to get rid of the king's illness before his ears and under his eyes. If something goes wrong, you will be hard of hearing and unclear. Hearing this, Bian Que was so angry that he threw down the stone used for treatment, and said to Qin Wuwang, "Your Majesty and I have discussed how to get rid of the disease, but we have allowed a group of fools to make trouble from it; If you govern the country in this way, you will die in one fell swoop! " Qin Wuwang had to let Bian Que cure the disease. As a result, Li Yi, who was cured by cure too much, got into Bian Que's hands, but saved the day. In this technical contest, Bian Que completely defeated Li Yi. When Li Yi knew that he was "inferior to Bian Que", he was jealous, which made people secretly kill Bian Que.
For thousands of years, Bian Que has been deeply loved and revered by the broad masses of people. People call him a "magic doctor" who can live and die. On his journey of about 4, miles in medical practice, people of past dynasties built tombs, monuments, temples and incense for him. On the wall of Bianque Temple in Fudao Village, there is such a poem, which summarizes his life, and at the same time entrusts the people with their grief over him: "When I was a matron, Fang Ji could not be recorded. When I met Chang Sangjun, I was amazed at all times. Heaven and earth are the most merciful, and death cannot be restored. Sir, the medicine stone, how fast does it work! The sun and the moon are the brightest, and the pot can't be lighted. Mr. Wang has a good eye and a glimpse of the lungs and abdomen. Who knows the creator, fortunes depend on each other. People who live in peace are humiliated by quacks. There is water in front of the temple for a thousand years, but it is still green to learn from the pool. Have another cup of worship and wash the vulgarity in my chest. "
Bian Que's apprentice is just a legend.
According to the canon, King Wen of Wei once consulted the famous doctor Bian Que: "You three brothers are all good at medical skills, who is the best?" Bian Que: "The eldest brother is the best, and the second brother is worse. I am the worst of the three."
Wang Wei said inexplicably, "Please introduce it in detail."
Bian Que explained: "Big Brother treated the disease before the onset of the disease. At that time, the patient didn't feel sick, but Big Brother took medicine to eradicate the root of the disease, which made his medical skills difficult to be recognized, so he was not famous, but was admired in our family."
"My second brother treated the disease at the beginning, when the symptoms were not very obvious and the patient didn't feel pain, so he was able to get rid of the disease with medicine, which made the villagers think that his second brother was only effective in treating minor illnesses."
"when I treat a disease, I always treat it when my condition is very serious. The patient is in great pain and his family members are worried. At this point, they saw me puncture the meridians, bleed with a needle, or apply poison to the affected area to fight poison with poison, or perform major surgery to point at the focus, so that the condition of severe patients was relieved or cured quickly, so I became famous all over the world. "Wang Wei realized.
Let's not discuss anything else, then Bian Que has at least two brothers who are as skilled as him. Bian Que worshiped Chang Sangjun as a teacher and eventually became everyone. Where did his two brothers learn their medical skills? In ancient times, the transmission of art was extremely strict, and there was a saying that it was not passed on from son to daughter, and it was not passed on from the inside to the outside. Even if Chang Sangjun made an exception to make Bian Que bear the true biography, he would not make an exception and pass on his skills to his three brothers alone. Of course, the records of Bian Que's master did not even mention these two brothers. Obviously, the two brothers have other famous teachers, and their medical skills are even higher than those of Chang Sangjun. So why didn't Bian Que learn from this man like his brother? According to what I said just now, this man with superb medical skills has a direct blood relationship with his two brothers, which is the most suitable explanation.
If Bian Que's apprentice is just a myth made by later generations, then the most reasonable explanation is that Bian Que's medical skills come from his family.