F1 racing

1. Introduction to F1:

F1 is the abbreviation of Formula One, and the Chinese is Formula One racing. Why is it called F1 ("Formula One")? It's because every part of his manufacturing process is as precise as a mathematical equation.

The abbreviation of Formula 1 Grand Prix, F1GP, is translated into Chinese as "Formula 1 Grand Prix". In fact, the full name of this competition should be "Formula One World Championship", which is written in English as "FIA Formula 1 Grand Prix World Championship". However, usually when we talk about F1, everyone will understand that we are talking about the fastest machine on land.

FIA (Federation Internationale de I’Automobile), the "International Automobile Federation", is the organizer of F1, referred to as FIA. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the current chairman is Max Mosley. F1 is the most important competition organized by the FIA. In addition, there are dozens of other racing competitions at different levels. F1 is the highest level among the formula racing specifications established by the FIA, so it is named after "1". (Same type also includes the F1 powerboat race, but it is not under the jurisdiction of the FIA)

FOM (Formula One Management) is the management company of F1, and its owner is the British tycoon Bernie Ecclestone. Bernie is the real boss of F1 and controls almost all F1 resources. Bernie, 74, has a fortune of 4.4 billion pounds. With his efforts, F1 has developed to the point where it has become the most watched sport in the world.

2. F1 racing car:

A racing engine consists of about 6,000 parts and costs more than 130,000 US dollars. Based on the consideration of limiting costs, the 2006 rules limit one engine to use at least two stations. The development of new engines will be stopped by the end of 2006. Each team will use the engine version specified by the end of 2006.

F1 car size stipulates that the total weight of the vehicle, including people and fuel, must not be less than 600 kilograms (mostly 605 kilograms now). Generally speaking, F1 accelerates from 0 to 100 kilometers per hour in only 2.3 seconds. It only takes 12 seconds to accelerate from 0 to 200 kilometers per hour and then decelerate to 0. It is easy for F1 to reach speeds of more than 300 kilometers per hour. F1 cars can reach a maximum speed of 370 kilometers on some high-speed tracks like Monza, Italy. An F1 car can also reach zero speed from 240 kilometers per hour in 2.5 seconds, and the required distance is only 80 meters.

The coordination work of the F1 competition is arranged by the FIA. They are responsible for formulating the rules of the car race, drawing up the race schedule and selecting the racing venue.

The FIA ??requires F1 cars to use naturally aspirated engines with a displacement of 3L, less than 12 cylinders, and no supercharger (it is currently an 8-cylinder engine, and only one team uses a limited version of a 10-cylinder engine) . The chassis of the F1 racing car is made of carbon fiber, which is very light and very strong. The chassis of the car is very low, with a minimum ground clearance of only 50-70 mm. Compared with ordinary cars, F1 racing cars have many unique features. Its body is slender and long, its height is very low, its wide wheels are extremely conspicuous, and they are completely exposed, the so-called "open wheels". Every F1 racing car is a meticulous masterpiece from a world-famous automobile manufacturer. One such racing car is worth more than seven million dollars, even as much as a small plane. The F1 competition is not only a competition of driver's courage, driving skills and wisdom, but also a scientific and technological competition between major automobile companies behind it. Ford Motor Company vividly compares automobile competitions to the "High-Tech Olympics". The new racing cars launched in automobile competitions embody the efforts of many developers from design to manufacturing, and represent the latest high-tech level of a company and even a country. The car competition is also a competition for the quality of scientific and technological talents from various countries. It is reported that there are about 2,000 professionals in Germany directly engaged in the design, manufacturing and research of racing cars, about 10,000 in the United States, and the largest number in Japan, estimated at nearly 20,000.

3. F1 Teams

The current F1 teams can be divided into two categories: manufacturer teams (such as Ferrari, Renault) and non-manufacturer teams (such as Red Bull Team One and Two). The engines, frames, and chassis of the manufacturer's racing cars are mostly independently developed. Non-manufacturer teams mainly rely on sponsorship.

In the 2007 season***, 12 teams participated in the competition. They are Ferrari, Williams-Toyota, Renault and McLaren. -Mercedes (McLaren), BMW, RBR-Renault, Toro Rosso (STR-Ferrari), Honda, Toyota, Spyker- Ferrari), Super Aguri-Honda, and the newly entered Prodrive team (Prodrive).

4. F1 drivers:

All drivers participating in the F1 competition are the elites of the world's racing scene after thousands of selections. Before entering the F1 competition, every driver must go through multiple levels of selection, such as small car racing, Formula Three (F3) car racing, etc. It can be said that he has passed five levels and defeated six generals. To become the world Being a champion is no easy task. He must be experienced in many battles and combine racing skills, talent and fighting spirit. According to the relevant regulations of FISA, no more than 100 drivers in the world are qualified to drive F1 cars every year. All players driving F1 cars must hold a "super driver's license" issued by FISA; only a few outstanding drivers are eligible to participate in the finals every year.

5. Competition schedule:

The F1 competition must choose venues with completely different geographical conditions for competition every year. Some of them are on the plateau, where the air is thin, to test the physical fitness of the drivers; some are on tracks lined with streets, where the roads are relatively narrow and twisty, and drivers will crash if they do not do well; some racing tracks are The road surface seems wide, but there are also uphill and downhill slopes that test the driver's skills; some racing tracks are built in lush forests, where the track is undulating and it is difficult for the driver to control the car. Due to the frequent accidents in racing, FISA requires that all racing venues in the host country must have sufficient grass buffer zones. The rescue personnel of each venue must also be distributed in every corner of the venue, striving to run into the scene and carry out rescue operations at the moment of an accident.

The time division of the competition is as follows: 2007/2000

Friday:

First practice match: 90 minutes/60 minutes

Second practice session: 90 minutes/60 minutes

Saturday:

Third practice session: 60 minutes/45 minutes

Fourth Practice session: 60 minutes (terminated in 2005)/45 minutes (limited to 10 test laps)

Qualifying:

2006-2007 method: three quarters of qualifying Ranking system, each qualifying session lasts 15 minutes, and 6 cars are eliminated in each round, namely: 22 will advance to 16, 16 will advance to 10, pole position battle

2005 method: implement two lap accumulation The time system was later abolished at the San Marino station and a one-lap qualifying system was implemented

2003-2004 method: a two-lap qualifying system was implemented, and the time of the first qualifying race in 2003 At 2 pm on Friday, in 2004, it was stipulated that both rounds of qualifying will be on Saturday. The FIA ??stipulated that the order of appearance in the first qualifying session is from the reverse order of the previous race, and the order of appearance in the second qualifying session is Starting from the reverse order of the results of the first qualifying session

1991-2002 method: Implementing a one-hour qualifying system, but limiting the number of laps in a single lap to 12 laps, but continuous efficiency The number of laps in a single lap cannot exceed 4 laps

1990 method: Implement a one-hour qualifying system with no limit on the number of laps

Sunday:

Practice session before the main race: 20 minutes/30 minutes

Main race: FIA regulations stipulate that the distance of the main race of each race cannot be less than 305 kilometers and cannot be greater than 320 kilometers, except Monaco, which is 260 kilometers, and the time cannot be Less than 1 hour and 10 minutes, not more than 2 hours

Main competition point allocation system: (Points system)

Ranking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Score 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1

Note: Before the halfway point of the schedule, the points will be halved, that is: 5 points, 3 points, 2 points, 1.5 points, 1 point, 0.5 points

The driver and team world champions of this year can be determined by accumulating points at each race station.

VI. History of F1

1948: The race held in the small town of Pau, France, adopted unified rules (a formula) for the first time, hence the name Formula One.

1950: It was only in 1950 that the first F1 championship was officially held, and at this time awards were only based on the scores of the cars. At that time, the participating racers still followed the rules established by the FIA ??in 1947. This rule is that participating cars can be equipped with 4.5L non-turbocharged or 1.5L turbocharged engines. On May 13, 1950, the first World Championship was held at the Silverstone Circuit (a former military airport) at the British Grand Prix. Italian Giuseppe Farina scored the corresponding victory for Alfa Romeo and also became the first world champion.

1952: Due to the lack of support from the F1 event organization, the competition was forced to use F2 cars; in the F2 competition, cars participating in the competition can only be equipped with non-turbocharged engines with a displacement of no more than 2.0L.

1954: This year GP racing adopted new F1 competition rules. The maximum displacement is 2.5L non-supercharged engine or the maximum displacement 0.75L supercharged engine. The Mercedes-Benz team also returned to racing this year and won its first victory at the GP race in Lens, France. Juan Manuel Fangio, who represented Maserati and Mercedes-Benz, won the championship in this competition.

1959: Rear-drive GP cars began to replace front-wheel drive cars as the protagonist of the competition. Bruce McLaren took the lead at the GP in Sebring, USA, becoming the youngest racer to win the championship.

1961: Regulations for racing cars with 1.5L engines were implemented.

In this year, Giancarlo Baghetti became the only driver to win the championship in his first appearance so far, while Phil Hil won the first F1 world championship title for the United States.

1965: Jackie Stewart made his debut in the GP race on behalf of the BRM team.

1966: Regulations for 3L engine racing are introduced. Bruce McLaren founded his own team and built the first McLaren car equipped with a Ford engine, but the team did not achieve success in the event that year.

1968: Sponsors usually appear in F1 races for the first time. This also means the end of F1's national era. This year, the car was equipped with a rear wing for the first time, thus increasing the downforce of the entire car. Jim Clark died during the F2 race in Hockenheim, Germany. McLaren founder Bruce McLaren personally participated in the Belgian GP and won the championship title for the first time for the team.

1969: Matra, Lotus and McLaren each tried to switch to four-wheel drive, but all failed. Jackie Stewart won the first Drivers' Championship title; Bruce McLaren died accidentally while testing a Can-Am car at Goodwood, England; Jochen Rind died in Italian GP qualifying; he has since become the only driver to win the title posthumously. F1 championship driver.

1973: McLaren launches the classic M23 racing car. The car competed in various forms of racing over the next six seasons. In the Canadian Grand Prix, the safety car was used for the first time in an F1 race.

1976: Tyrrell introduces the concept of Liu Lun racing. In an accident at the Nurburgring, Nick Lauda was severely burned. McLaren's James Hunt wins concept world championship.

1977 Patrick Head joins Williams Racing Team. The first Renault racing car equipped with a turbocharger, the Renault Rs01, was unveiled at the British Grand Prix.

1978 Michelin officially joined F1, and the FIA ??hired Professor Sid Watkins as medical director. Feijian Racing Team participated in the F1 race for the first time and almost won the South African Grand Prix championship. F1 races began to adopt a new safety measure, that is, in order to avoid accidents caused by crowded cars and collisions on the first lap, medical vehicles must follow the cars on the outside track at the same time so that they can take corresponding measures as quickly as possible.

1980: Alain Prost drove a McLaren in the Argentina Grand Prix. Lotus Racing's Nigel Mansell made his first appearance in the Australian Grand Prix. Ron Dennis took over the McLaren team, and in the same year the team launched a car with a carbon fiber chassis designed by John Barnard.

1981: Due to FIA regulations, all drivers must have a super license. Before the South African race, a large number of drivers who opposed this regulation announced a strike.

1982: Colin Chapman, the founder of the Lotus team and the most innovative designer of F1 racing, died of a heart attack. McLaren used a turbocharged engine for the first time in the Dutch Grand Prix.

1984: In Brazil, SENNA officially announced its participation in the F1 Australian Grand Prix. For the first time, all cars equipped with turbocharged engines will participate.

1985: The Minardi team participated in the F1 race for the first time. The business between Benetton and the Toleman team became increasingly close, initially as a sponsor (Benetton had sponsored Alfa Romeo and Tyrell teams) and soon After that, it acquired the Toleman team and participated in F1 competition under the name of Benetton team in 1986.

1987: Williams owner Frank Williams was seriously injured and paralyzed in a traffic accident while Paul Ricard was driving home from the test track. The Hungarian station was the first race after the abolition of the "Iron Curtain" policy.

1988: Adrian Newey is appointed technical director of the March team. The FIA ??stipulates that racing engines must be equipped with specified turbochargers to reduce driving force. However, this regulation was canceled in 1989 and instead required naturally aspirated engines with a displacement of 3.5L and no more than 12 cylinders. SENNA wins his first world championship.

1990: Mansell announces the launch of F1.

1991: Hakkinen and Schumacher became F1 drivers. Jordan Racing was established and launched the Jordan 191 racing car. McLaren won the seventh annual championship.

1992: Schumacher won his first championship in Spain. Honda quits F1.

1993: McLaren surpassed Ferrari in the number of championships for the first time. Prost announced his retirement from F1, his four championships trailing only Fangio's five at the time.

1994: Mercedes-Benz established the Sauber team and borrowed a stake in IImor to get involved in the racing engine manufacturing industry. Pitstop refueling is reintroduced as traction control and active suspension system restrictions are removed. On May 1, Ratzenberger and legendary driver SENNA died in an accident at the Imola track. Schumacher won the first driver's championship and became the first German to win the F1 championship.

1995: McLaren begins cooperation with Mercedes-Benz on engine development. Schumacher wins his second championship. Hakkinen suffered a serious injury during qualifying in Australia.

1996: Schumacher joined Ferrari, Villeneuve joined Williams, Renault and Elf announced the introduction of F1 digital television broadcast technology into F1 races, Hill won the annual championship, and HIll father and son became the first F1 pair Championship father and son.

1997: Newey left Williams to join McLaren and became team director. Ishibashi set foot in F1, Berger announced his retirement from F1, and Villeneuve won the annual championship.

1998: In order to control the speed of F1 cars, the FIA ??announced some new measures, including narrowing the track, using pitted tires, and disabling McLaren's swing braking technology. Hakkinen won his first annual championship.

1999: Schumacher was injured and fractured at the British Grand Prix. He failed to play in the next 7 races. Sepang, Malaysia was put into use. Ferrari won the constructor championship for the first time in 16 years.

2000: A staff member was hit and killed at the Italian Grand Prix. The regulations on crash tests in F1 races were changed accordingly.

2001: Traction control and automatic transmission are introduced in Spain.

2002: The BMWP82 engine with over 19,000 rpm appeared for the first time, and Schumacher won the fifth annual championship.

2003: Schumacher won the sixth annual championship and became the first person in the F1 world. Alonso became the youngest GP champion in history.

2004: Ferrari's Schumacher won the seventh annual championship of his career with the outstanding performance of F2004, and broke the record for consecutive championships.

2005: The U.S. Grand Prix strike. All teams using Michelin tires announced a strike on safety grounds. In the end, only three teams, Ferrari, Jordan and Minardi, used Bridgestone tires*** Six cars competed in the finals, and Schumacher won the only championship of the season. The blue Renault overwhelmed Ferrari, and Alonso won the annual championship and became the youngest world champion

2006: The end of the game. The red and blue war is in full swing. Car king Michael Schumacher announced his retirement after reaching the highest podium in the Italian Grand Prix. His successor was Finnish driver Jimmy Raikkonen who had played for McLaren for three years. Schumacher finally won the Chinese Grand Prix. Ferrari suffered its most serious mechanical failure in the past six years at the Japanese Grand Prix, and Schumacher suffered a cylinder explosion and retired from the race. After the Brazilian Grand Prix, Massa became the second Brazilian to win a local championship after Senna in 13 years. Alonso won the drivers' championship with 134 points, becoming the youngest defending champion.

Renault won the team championship with 206 points

The manufacturing and performance of F1 racing cars (Gui Hua Fu 2006-08-27)

Manufacturing

Manufacturing Formula One Racing cars go through a long and complicated process, and it takes 6 to 10 months from the beginning of design to the first test run. Computers play a major role in this process, their capacity and simulation software allowing engineers to estimate the car's performance. However, even in ultra-modern factories that produce 90% of their own components, machines have not yet completely replaced human skills. At least so far, no robot has been able to bend the exhaust pipe connected to the engine.

The drawing room and workshop of Formula One are as tightly guarded as a bank, surrounded by walls, patrolled by security personnel, and brightly lit at night to ensure that secrets are not leaked.

The manufacturing of Formula One racing cars requires the participation of first-class technical personnel, including: technical director, design room manager, competition engineer, composite materials department director, machinist, machine shop director, electronic engineer, paint With decorators, aerodynamic engineers, etc. Among them, the technical director is the real "father of racing". He should be the commander-in-chief and guide the work of various departments. Before building a racing car, a reduced scale model is first used for testing in a wind tunnel. The wind speed is 300 kilometers per hour to simulate the speed of the racing car on the track. This is used as a reference to design the real racing car.

The production of Formula One racing cars is generally divided into six stages: in the first stage, the car shell made of layered carbon fiber is baked in a vacuum furnace before painting; in the second stage , firmly install the assembled engine on the rear of the car; in the third stage, install the side compartment cover of the car shell with a cooling net; in the fourth stage, connect the assembled gearbox and the engine into one body (it takes about 20 hours of work ); in the fifth stage, the wishbone, suspension, brakes and rear transmission are installed; in the sixth stage, the wings, body and wheels are installed. The car can finally start. Only the gearbox and engine electronic management systems were left to be installed just before the car was driven away.

Performance

The English name of Formula One racing car is: "Formula 1". Formula is translated as equation, but its true meaning is "regulation", that is, the basic concepts of racing are stipulated by competition rules, and a simple competition car is manufactured according to the competition rules... At present, there are competition cars in the world with the basic concept of "sports car", but the basic concept of formula racing is different from them. In short, it is a single-seat (monopost) racing car with exposed tires (openwheel). In the family of formula racing, Formula One is the pinnacle of this type of competition.

The latest Formula One racing regulations (1999), the maximum width of the car is 180cm. The distance between the overhang of the front wheel and the center of the front wheel is within 120cm, and the distance between the overhang of the rear wheel and the center of the rear wheel is within 50cm. The engine is required to be naturally aspirated, 4-stroke with a maximum displacement of 3000cc, and no more than 12 cylinders. The maximum horsepower of this type of engine has not been officially announced, but it is estimated to be between 750-800 horsepower. The car combined with this engine and a carbon alloy chassis (an original product independently developed by each team) will be able to compete in high-speed races of about 300 kilometers a year. This is the Formula One racing competition, also known as the "F1 Grand Prix". Why is it called "Grand Prix"? It is the transliteration of Grand Prix. Grand Prix means grand prize in French.

One more point, the body of a Formula One car is made of carbon alloy, and the competition requires that the weight of the car should not be less than 600kg with the driver on board. It is not difficult to see that the challenge of Formula One racing is not to require the car to have the maximum power, but to make this lightweight car produce high sports performance.

F1 racing website

F1 official website

Sohu official website: