1. Advantages of mass production and operation types: design, technology, production organization and production management
2. Benefits that mass production can bring to enterprises.
Professional Knowledge and Practice of Business Administration and Lectures on Business Administration for Economist Examination
Production and operation management is the design of production and operation system. Operation management has increasingly developed into a strategic and comprehensive management. In the final analysis, the development of an enterprise depends on the market competitiveness of its products, and the result of production, operation and management plays a decisive role in the product competitiveness. Because of this, production operation and production operation management are paid more and more attention as a new strategic weapon of competitive advantage.
the establishment and development of production operation management theory and method system for multi-variety and small batch production operation mode. The traditional mode of small variety and large batch production is gradually being replaced by the mode of multi-variety and small batch production. The pattern of integration of production operation and management has been further strengthened. Management is separated from production and operation activities and plays a role as an independent function, which is a progress in the history of human development.
establish and develop production operation guidelines under the guidance of market and social marketing concepts. The concept of marketing and the concern of social marketing emphasize that the market is the starting point and the end point of the enterprise's production and operation activities, and operation management unifies the actual situation of the enterprise, meets the needs of users and social interests, which embodies the idea of sustainable development.
second, the development trend of production operation management
1. Production action strategy
In the past, people thought that production action was only to implement the company's strategy, and there was no production strategy at all. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the production action strategy has not only been recognized, but also been mentioned in an important position. In the global economic situation, production action management is to optimize the allocation of resources around the world, to manufacture personalized products and provide personalized services with the lowest possible cost and the fastest response speed. Without the successful implementation of the production action strategy, the overall strategy of the enterprise can not be realized.
2. Business process reengineering
The essence of business reengineering is to improve the efficiency and quality of service to customers in order to gain a competitive advantage. Adam? Smith's theory of division of labor emphasizes improving the efficiency of enterprises and improving the utilization of internal resources. Obviously, under the important task of the implemented market, it will not bring competitiveness to enterprises.
3. Fine Production
Lean production (LP) is a researcher of the International Automobile Project Team of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Crawford gave the Japanese automobile industry the name of the production mode station. The word "lean" is used because compared with mass production, LP only needs half the staff, half the production site, half the investment, half the design time, half the new product development time and much less inventory to produce products with higher quality and more varieties.
precision production is not only an idea, but also a new mode of production. The English word "lean" means that people or animals are thin and have no fat. The translation of "fine production" reflects the original intention of "lean" and the essence of lean production. Excess inventory in enterprises is like excess fat in human body. Excessive inventory takes up production area, plant, equipment, materials, personnel, time and funds. Fine meaning includes quality. High-quality products can provide better functions, more reliable performance and longer service life while consuming the same amount of physical and chemical labor and living labor conditions. This is essentially a high utilization rate of resources. Precision production mode has been widely used in manufacturing industry, especially in automobile industry, and achieved the best results.
4. Supply chain management
In an uncertain environment, any enterprise can only have advantages in a certain aspect for a certain period of time. In order to win in the competition, we should abandon the "vertical integration" mode in the past, from research and development to design and manufacturing to sales, from raw materials to semi-finished products to delivery, and instead choose to cooperate with the most advantageous enterprises in design technology, raw material supply, blank manufacturing, parts processing, product assembly, packaging and transportation, and form a logistics and information network from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors to end users, which is supply chain or supply and demand. The management of the composition and action of supply lotus is called supply chain management. Supply chain enables enterprises in the world to focus on developing their own core competitiveness. >
question 2: what kinds of management modes are there in production management? besides lean production, there are refined mode, standard mode, visual management mode, kanban management mode and 5S management mode. . . Wait a minute.
question 3: what is the production management mode? The production management mode refers to the management process of making production plans, material plans, issuing production instructions, organizing production, controlling quality and controlling logistics around customer orders according to the production capacity (people, machines, materials, systems and environment are called five elements of production management), so as to ensure product quality and production delivery. Toyota production management mode is popular now, which mainly focuses on continuous improvement, reducing the waste process without adding value, just-in-time production, and arranging production by order-pulling, and extends the concept of production management to the management of logistics supply chain. This is different from the traditional mass production nail type. Now many enterprises are trying to transform the traditional production management mode and implement Toyota production management mode.
question 4: what are the goals pursued by the advanced production management mode in one sentence: efficiently, flexibly, punctually and cleanly producing qualified products and providing satisfactory services. Through the comparison, synthesis and innovation of production management modes at home and abroad, Chinese scholars put forward the concept of "efficient and rapid reorganization of production system". The efforts of this model based on time-based manufacturing strategic objectives should be carried out in many aspects, and the means it relies on should be based on innovation, investment and innovation. The actual efficient and rapid reorganization production system is unlikely to be carried out in all aspects at the same time, but it shows a wide range. Manufacturing enterprises can choose and determine an advanced and feasible action plan in this region according to the specific situation, and gradually promote the development of production system to the most advanced level in the world.
Advanced production operation management mode: Efficient and rapid reorganization of production system attempts to realize large-scale and comprehensive engineering projects through small-scale and modular production facilities and coordinated organizational forms among enterprises that form new production capacity.
question 5: what are the business operation modes? I. Enterprise operation modes are classified according to the position of the enterprise in the industrial chain:
1. Production OEM (spindle-type) operation mode
The characteristic of this kind of operation mode enterprise is that as a supplier of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, it generally processes products according to customers' orders. In the market, other companies' signs are affixed for sale. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, and do not involve too much in product sales and product design.
2. Design+sales (dumbbell-shaped) business model
This type of business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises are not involved in any business in the production field, but only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design the products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for the corresponding production OEM, which requires enterprises to have strong design ability and sales ability and own well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to the market dynamics and customers' needs, and the fastest responder to the market.
3. Production+sales business model < P > The production-oriented enterprise adopting this business model is the most common, and the enterprise involves the last two parts in the business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. Among the enterprises in this node, the competition among enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4. Design+production+sales business model
This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. The characteristic of enterprises adopting this business model is that they have certain new product development capabilities. According to the market demand, enterprises develop their own products needed in the market, and at the same time transform the previous products; In terms of manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced through existing equipment or have enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base through your own marketing system for your own products.
5. Types of information services
Information service enterprises are typically consulting companies. This type of enterprise or company does not involve all manufacturing activities, but it is closely related to the manufacturing industry to a great extent.
second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:
1. Single operation mode
Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that the enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and the business scope of the enterprise is relatively single. The advantage of this kind of business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate their resources to compete; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.
2. Diversified business model
Diversified business model can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversified business, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.
question 6: what are the business models of production enterprises? The traditional production-centered business model is now considered as a rigid enterprise business model. In addition to this business model, there are the following four business models: (1) Division of labor and cooperation business model. That is to say, supporting large enterprises is the way for enterprises to develop and go to the market. Successful small and medium-sized enterprises pay great attention to avoiding direct competition with large enterprises, but try their best to cooperate with large enterprises and become indispensable partners in the development of large enterprises. (2) Franchise business model. This is an important form of chain operation. It refers to the trademark owned by the franchise institution. Products, patents and proprietary technologies are granted to the franchisee in the form of franchise contracts, and the franchisee engages in business activities under a unified business model according to the contract and pays corresponding fees. (3) Niche business model. As small and medium-sized enterprises, most of them are market vacancies. As market complements, they should carefully serve a small part of the market, not compete with major competitors, and occupy a favorable market position through specialized operations. Niche business model means that through market segmentation, enterprises concentrate on a specific target market, or strictly target a market segment, or focus on a product and service to create product and service advantages. By choosing a special niche market, the enterprise's strategy is more prominent in the decision-making of entrepreneurs to customers and competitors. Compared with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are the most competitive in meeting the multi-level needs of consumers. (4) Virtual business model. Since 199s, the world is undergoing a profound transformation from a material economy to a knowledge-based economy. Knowledge and information have created a new business model, namely virtual enterprise management, for the development of enterprises through the integration and transformation of traditional production factors, such as capital, labor and land. In the virtual enterprise, the enterprise only grasps the core functions, that is, holds the high value-added part which is highly dependent on enterprise knowledge and technology in its own hands, and virtualizes other low value-added departments. Through the integration with the help of external forces, its purpose is to make the most efficient use of enterprise resources in the competition < P > Question 7: What are the main production management methods of manufacturing enterprises? The main contents of enterprise production management
1. Carry out product development management under the guidance of the market.
that is, new product decision-making, new product design, new product process selection, new product trial production and so on. These will also determine the rational arrangement of enterprise production systems and production units under the conditions of realizing and meeting the requirements of production process, high production efficiency and reasonable equipment utilization rate. The resources, technology and environment needed to produce new products determine the choice of factory address; The design and technology of new products produced by enterprises play a decisive role in the layout of each production unit, such as the layout of various production technologies and raw materials, tools and services in the production workshop and other auxiliary production workshops.
2. On the basis of the design and production technology of new products, make reasonable arrangements for the production factors of enterprises.
that is to say, it is necessary to make reasonable arrangements for all factors of production, such as production capital, labor force and technology, and combine all factors of production in the best way to realize the continuity, proportionality, balance and punctuality of the production process.
3. With new products and reasonable arrangement of production organization, enterprises should realize production plan management.
that is, the annual, quarterly and monthly production planning tasks of the enterprise and temporary production tasks are specifically assigned to each workshop, each section, each team, even each workplace and each production personnel.
4. Control the production process of the enterprise under the premise of production plan, that is, a comprehensive monitoring of the whole production process.
such as the control of product production schedule, product quality, material consumption and inventory, production cost, etc. If production control is not done well, it will directly lead to the increase and consumption of production costs, so production control plays a key role in the production management of the whole enterprise.
judging from the development of the world economy and the extensive application of computers, enterprise production management can no longer stay in the traditional management mode, that is, it is impossible to take personal experience as the criterion, but to combine the scientific and modern management mode, so that enterprise production management and enterprise development can better complement each other, promote each other and develop together.
the development of enterprise management can be divided into three stages: traditional management, scientific management and modern management. As far as the production management of Chinese enterprises is concerned, there are three stages, which are inseparable from China's productivity and production mode. However, as far as the global economic development is concerned, the production management level of Chinese enterprises must be qualitatively developed to keep up with the pace of modern management in the world, so as to better survive and soar in the ocean of the world economy and let the sails of enterprises fly better in the blue sea.
Scientific management methods of modern enterprise production management:
First, formulate scientific operation rules and standard operation tools, and scientifically standardize workers' various operation methods, operation actions, time and tools, so as to reduce work.