Young trees are mainly managed by shaping, and trees are released four times a year (spring shoots, small full shoots, small summer shoots and white dew shoots); Three-year-old trees (newborn) put buds three times (spring buds, small summer-big summer buds, white dew before and after buds); Trees over four years old put bamboo shoots 2 ~ 3 times (spring shoots, autumn shoots or spring shoots and summer shoots).
soil management
Most of the roots of Huangdi orange are planted in topsoil, especially in paddy fields, and roots can only grow in topsoil. It is necessary to create excellent soil conditions conducive to the growth of root groups. Because the distribution range of crown and root system in young orange orchard is small, the microclimate of orchard can be adjusted by planting beans and green manure between plants or rows, which is beneficial to root system activity, but intercropping should be based on the principle of not affecting the growth of orange trees. After 3 years, the crown expands and intercropping is generally stopped. Intertillage can be carried out according to different seasons and weeds. Before spring shoots, lime should be removed once in the whole garden, and spring fertilizer should be used to promote roots and strong shoots. It is not advisable to loosen the soil in summer and autumn to prevent water from damaging the roots. In winter, you can spray drugs or pull weeds, and the pit should be widened for farming.
When planting paddy fields, the border ditches should be controlled below a certain water level all the year round to avoid the roots from being soaked. When planting in mountainous areas, it is necessary to open holes and press green, apply more organic fertilizer, improve soil fertility, and promote deep roots and drought tolerance. It is necessary to clear ditches and raise soil year by year, thicken soil layers and improve soil structure.
Different growth periods of orange trees have different requirements for water. According to different seasons, it should be kept moist in spring, well drained and waterlogged in summer and autumn, and not watered in rainy days. In case of drought, irrigation should be done in time to keep the soil moist, the autumn shoots are full and strong, the fruit water supply is normal, and the root groups are in a semi-dormant state in winter. Therefore, water should be properly controlled to reduce soil moisture and maintain root groups. Inhibit winter buds, increase juice concentration and promote flower bud differentiation.
Shooting method
Topping promotes branching every time the branch length reaches 15 ~ 20cm, leaving 2 ~ 3 branches for each branch, and the last branch is not topped.
Shooting of fruit trees
We should focus on cultivating high-quality fruiting mother branches. In principle, we should put shoots according to trees over four years old. The standard of releasing bamboo shoots is that more than 70% of the bamboo shoots in the whole orchard begin to sprout, and then they can be released. The method is to manually erase the early buds and sporadic new buds, remove the early buds and keep them together, so as to promote more, orderly and robust new buds. The last autumn shoot should mature from 1 1 to 65438+2.
Timely and appropriate fertilization
1, young tree (1 ~ 2 years)
Carry out the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently. Realize one branch and three fertilizers (attacking bud fertilizer, strengthening bud fertilizer and turning green fertilizer). Press green in summer, cultivate soil in winter, apply garbage manure and green manure to improve soil and improve soil fertility.
2. Result tree
Re-apply the "Great Cold" fertilizer (fertilizer before flowering), autumn shoot fertilizer and pre-harvest fertilizer, and supplement the fertilizer for looking at flowers, thanking flowers and strengthening fruits. The amount of fertilization should be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the crown and the amount of fruit hanging. Generally, the fertilization amount of autumn shoot fertilizer is 0.5 ~ 1 kg/plant, and the fertilizer is 0.25 ~ 0.5 kg/plant. Fertilization schemes in other periods depend on tree potential and fruit quantity.
Reasonable irrigation and drainage to promote flowers and protect fruits
1, reasonable irrigation and drainage
Eliminate stagnant water in time in rainy season. After the autumn shoots mature, they should be properly watered to promote flower bud differentiation. During the germination, flowering and fruiting of spring shoots, irrigation should be done in time to prevent spring drought.
2, ring cutting measures to promote flowers and protect fruit
(1) For some clustered trees and newborn trees, after the autumn shoots mature, at the same time of "timely water production", girdle from "heavy snow" to "winter solstice", girdle at the trunk or main branch of the tree, cut off the phloem without hurting the xylem, or spray paclobutrazol to deeply hoe and cut off the roots, so as to promote flower bud differentiation. Weak trees and old trees are generally not suitable for circumcision, so measures such as spraying foliar fertilizer, strengthening fertilizer and water regulation, and leaving leaves in winter should be taken to adjust the flower quantity in the next year.
3. Fertilization promotes flowering and fruiting.
Before the old and weak trees bloom, increase the application of available nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen the flowers. Spraying 0.3% urea and 0. 15% borax in bud stage (once a week). 15 ~ 20 days after flowering, spray 30 ~ 50 ppm of 920 to improve the fruit setting rate, and spray it twice every half month.
Step 4 Shake the flowers
When in full bloom, shake the main branches every 2 ~ 3 days and shake the petals to help the small fruits turn green when they see the light.
5. Erase summer shoots in time to prevent fruit falling.
Summer shoots grow and compete with young fruits for nutrients, resulting in a large number of fruit drops. Therefore, the newly sprouted summer shoots should be removed when they are below 3 ~ 5 cm. Every 7 ~ 10 days, 1 time, and stop at the end of June or 15 days before the autumn shoots are released.
The nutritional value of Digan Gonggan is a natural cross between oranges and oranges. It has the dual advantages of citrus and orange, and is an excellent and rare peasant citrus variety in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. It was awarded the honorary title of "China Famous Fruit" GG China Citrus Soil "by China Fruit Circulation Association, which has important economic value. Pure tribute citrus has beautiful shape, golden color, thin skin and few stones, crisp meat residue, sweet honey, high sugar and low acid, and rich flavor. It combines the double advantages of beautiful appearance of oranges and fresh and easy peeling of citrus meat. Deqing is the main producing area of tribute oranges and has the honorary title of "Hometown of Tribute Oranges in China".
Gonggan is also called "Huanggan". According to textual research, the driest tribute citrus is native to Shiheshan, Sihui Town, Guangdong Province, and it is an excellent and rare variety for farmers. Planting has a long history. According to legend, during the Tang Dynasty, tribute oranges were planted in Sihui and Deqing. During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1 127), it was listed as a tribute by the imperial court because of its excellent quality, hence the name "Gonggan".
Gonggan has beautiful appearance, orange-yellow to orange-red skin, thin and juicy skin, crisp pulp, refreshing slag, sweet and sour taste and unique flavor, which is widely welcomed by consumers. However, before the early 1990s, Gonggan was only planted on a small scale as a local specialty. Since the mid-1990s, according to the market demand, Deqing county party committee and government seized the opportunity to develop the production of tribute oranges and built the first large-scale production base of tribute oranges. In 2007, the planting area of Deqing Gonggan was 8 200 hm2, and the output was about 70,000 t ... Deqing County was awarded the title of "Hometown of Gonggan in China" by China Economic Forest Association in 2004, and "Certificate of Origin of Gonggan" by State Quality Supervision Bureau in the same year. Deqing Gonggan has successively won the titles of "China Famous Fruit" and "Guangdong Famous Brand Product". In June 2007, Sihui Gonggan in Sihui City was approved by the State Trademark Office as a registered trademark of certificate of origin.
Fruit is rich in nutrition, good in color, fragrance and taste, and can be eaten fresh or processed into various processed products mainly fruit juice. Citrus production ranks first among 100 fruits, and citrus juice accounts for 3/4 of juice, which is widely favored by consumers. According to the analysis of the Central Institute of Health, the edible part of citrus contains 0.05mg of riboflavin, 0.3mg of nicotinic acid, 0.6 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 0.9g of protein, 0. 1g of fat, 0/2g of sugar 12g of crude fiber and 0.2g of inorganic salt. The content of carotene (provitamin A) in citrus is second only to apricot and higher than other fruits. Citrus also contains a variety of vitamins, in addition, it also contains elements such as magnesium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine and silicon.
In nutrition, no matter what nutrients and food, we must pay attention to a "degree". Foreign studies show that excessive intake of fructose can make people lack copper, lead to an increase in blood cholesterol and cause coronary heart disease. Fruits with high sugar content include apples, pears, oranges, persimmons, watermelons and peaches. Therefore, eating too much fruit is also harmful to the body. The same is true from the perspective of Chinese medicine diet: for example, apples are cool and contain more potassium. Eating too much will lead to bloating. Therefore, patients with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold and ulcer should not eat more. Grapes are sweet and sour, and excessive consumption can easily cause diseases such as excessive internal heat and diarrhea, especially those with weak spleen and stomach. Peaches and oranges are warm and spicy, sour and sweet. Eating too much will make people get angry, especially immature peaches. Otherwise, their bellies will boil. Banana cold, spleen and stomach deficiency cold, stomach pain and diarrhea, hyperacidity can not eat more.
Proper diet is nutrition. Eating too much will get angry and hurt your stomach.