1. A certification trademark refers to a mark controlled by an organization with the ability to supervise goods or services and used by units or individuals outside the organization to prove the origin, raw materials, manufacturing methods, quality or other specific qualities of the goods or services.

Joint trademark: refers to several similar trademarks registered by the same trademark owner on the same or similar goods. Among these trademarks, the main trademark is the first registered or mainly used, and the rest are joint trademarks.

Defensive trademark: refers to the owner of the same trademark registering his famous trademark on different kinds of goods to prevent others from registering the trademark on these goods. Because of its defensive function, this trademark is called defensive trade mark.

Collective trademark: refers to a sign registered in the name of a group, association or other organization and used exclusively by members of the organization in commercial activities to show the membership of users in the organization.

4 collective trademark: