foreign wines are first distinguished by the content of alcohol, and those containing more than 24% are called spirits, and the following are called wine, that is, wines and fruit wines that people in China call. Spirits can be divided into Whisky Whisky, Brandy, Vodka Vodka, Rum rum, Gin and high-alcohol sweet wine Cordials according to different raw materials.

Brandy

Brewed with grapes as raw materials, it is generally a golden liquid, which contains the mellow aroma of fruits. The grades are divided into (V.S.), (V.S.O.P), (Napolion), (X.O.) and so on.

according to the region, it can be divided into Cognac, a French cognac, and cognac not produced in this region.

there are Remy Martin, Hennessy of hannis, Courvoisier of Napoleon and Martell of Martell, commonly known as the Four Warriors of p>Cognac.

Remy Martin is Strong. Hennessy is soft and Smooth, so-called pure. Courvoisier is slightly Sweet. Martell has a little Sour taste.

Whiskey

is mainly brewed from different kinds of wheat, usually light brown liquid, but also pure white, which contains a strong fragrance, especially in China. When the bottle cap is opened, it often smells fragrant all over the house. Its grade is distinguished by the age of wine. Scotch is Scottish for short.

Johnnie Walker Red is about 6 years old. Johnnie Walker Black is about 12 years old. Johnnie Walker Gold is about 18 years old. Johnnie Walker Blue is about 31 years old.

Vodka

is made from potatoes. It is a colorless liquid with a strong alcohol smell and no fragrance. No matter what brand or price, if you drink it directly, choose the one with high quality and expensive price. If it is used to mix wine, you can choose the one with low price, because you can't drink the original flavor after modulation.

Qin

is made of juniper, which is colorless and transparent liquid, with a smell of pine nuts, slightly dry, that is, a little sour; Most people use it to match wine.

rum

The raw material is sugarcane, and the darker the wine color, the longer the age. It can be drunk directly with ice, but it is also widely used for mixing wine.

sweet wine

There are many kinds of this kind of wine. Irish Cream is a sweet wine as white as milk, which many people add when drinking coffee or milk. Amaratto is almond liqueur, which can be drunk directly with ice, but it is mainly used in coffee, milk and cakes. Grand Marnier is an orange-flavored liqueur, which is usually drunk in a small glass with ice cubes.

wine

white sour wine, red sour wine with 11-13% alcohol content of Chablis, Chardonnay and Pinot Grigio

white sweet wine with 1-13% alcohol content of Burgundy, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

, White Port, White Conxcord, Muscat and IceWine are red sweet wines with alcohol content of 8-2%

Port and Concord Grape have alcohol content of 8-2%

Champagne: place name, wine name.

it is hard to know which country/producing area first produced sparkling wine. What is certain now is that according to international law, only in the champagne area of France can sparkling wine that meets the regulations be crowned as champagne. The main wine grapes are Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier and Pinot Meunier. It is worth noting that the latter two are red grapes. For the champagne manufacturing process, please refer to Champagnemethod. The quality of champagne depends on the balance of wine and acid, the thickness and smoothness of bubbles.

Claret- Britain calls bordeaux red wine

Britain calls bordeaux red wine claret, which means clear English. There are two theories about the origin of this title.

1. Previous wines were dry and strong, while Bordeaux red wine was relatively light.

2. Bordeaux red wine has a high level and clear color, while wines from other producing areas are turbid.

Classico(CLAH-see-koe)- a red grape table wine produced in southern France

doc (denominazione diorigine controlata)-Italian licensed wine

*** There are 23 producing areas that can be classified into this grade. The yield and variety must meet the requirements of laws and regulations. The conditions are similar to those of French AOC.

EnPrimeur- period wine

French bordeaux and burgundy premium wines are sold in the form of futures before they are listed. After the grapes harvested this year are brewed, they will be transferred to oak barrels for aging. In the spring of the following year, the winery sold the wine to the negociant at the agreed price. In the future, these wines will be bought and sold in the market by futures, and it will not be until two years later that the wines will be listed one after another and become spot. Take the wine in 1995 as an example, the futures price was set in 1996 and the delivery was made in 1998. If you buy 1995 wines before 1998, they must be inferior wines, because the aging time of first-class wines in oak barrels is 18-24 months.

Fortifiedwine- a kind of wine with strong spirits

. Brewers add spirits (Porter) before fermentation or add spirits (Shirley) after fermentation to increase alcohol concentration. Besides Porter and Shirley, Madeira is also one of the famous spirits. It takes more than 2 years to add high-quality spirits.

Landwein- german name of regional table wine

. Since 1982, the table wine is one level higher than Tafelwein and the same level as vindepays in France. Of the 17 legally designated producing areas, the producing areas must be displayed on the wine label. Except for the grapes produced by Sudbadischer and Unterbadischer, 53°Oe is required, and other producing areas require 47°Oe. The resulting wine must be not sweet (trocken) or slightly sweet (halbtrocken).

spumante (spoon-mahn-tay)-sparkling wine

Italian name, such as "AstiSpumante".

Tafelwein- basic table wine

In German, that is, vindetable in French, wine grapes must come from four designated producing areas -Rhein-Mosel, Neckar, Bayern and Oberrhein. Except the grapes produced by the latter need 5°Oe, other producing areas require 44°Oe.

Trocken(TROCK-en)- German meaning of "dry" white wine

VindePays- regional wine

is French high-class table wine, which is one level higher than VindeTable. In order to make wine more credible and increase exports, France established VindePays system in 1979. The wine that meets this grade must indicate the place of origin and be made from legal grapes. Each hectare of vineyard can only produce 8-9 quarts of wine with allowable alcohol concentration, sulfur content and even acidity.

vintage-French table wine

the lowest grade of French wine. There are no special restrictions, except that sugar is not allowed in grape pulp and wine exceeding 1 stone can not be produced in each hectare of vineyard.

classification of whisky: whisky is made from malt or grain, saccharified and fermented, then distilled, and finally matured in oak barrels to make it amber, which is the most basic difference between whisky and other distilled spirits. With the popularity of whisky, Nowadays, the world has developed into five major whisky producing regions: 1 > Scotch Whisky 2〉 > Irish Whisky 3〉 > American Whisky 4〉 > Canadian Whisky 5〉 > Japanese Whisky

(1) Scotch Whisky. Scotch Whisky has four regions producing whisky in Scotland, namely, High land, Low land, Campbel town and Islay. The products produced in these four regions have their own unique styles. The preparation of scotch whisky needs six processes, namely, soaking barley in water for germination → drying and stirring malt → adding water into the tank for saccharification → adding yeast into the barrel for fermentation → twice distilling → aging and mixing. The prepared scotch whisky is provided with its flavor by malt whisky. Grain whisky has a light taste and a short brewing time, accounting for 6 ~ 7% of the whole scotch whisky when blended. After blending, the taste of whisky is relatively poor, and it still needs to be stored and aged in oak barrels. In the brewing process of scotch whisky, the soaked malt needs to be dried on peat, so the finished wine contains smoky taste. During storage, the coarse taste of the wine was gradually absorbed by the oak barrels, and the color of the barrels gradually penetrated into the wine, so the color of the finished wine was light amber. Scotch whisky must be aged for more than 5 years before drinking. Ordinary finished wine needs to be stored for 7-8 years, and mellow whisky needs to be stored for more than 1 years. Usually, whisky stored for 15-2 years is the best quality. At this time, the color and fragrance of the wine are excellent. The quality of whisky stored for more than 2 years will gradually deteriorate, but after bottling, the quality of whisky will remain unchanged forever. Scotch whisky has a unique style, its color is brownish yellow and reddish, it is clear and transparent, its smell is burnt and slightly smoky, its taste is dry, mellow, full-bodied, round and soft, and its alcohol content is generally between 4 and 43 degrees. An important criterion for measuring scotch whisky is the sense of smell, that is, the smell of wine. Scotch whisky is one of the best whiskies in the world.

Scotch whisky can be divided into straight whisky and Blended whisky. The so-called pure whisky is made from one raw material, usually referring to Straight malt whisky, while mixed whiskey usually refers to Grain whisky and Blended scotch whisky.

1. StraigIlt malt whisky is made of malt roasted on peat in the open air, fermented, distilled in a pot distiller, aged in a special wooden barrel (made of an American white oak, the inner wall of which needs to be roasted before use), and diluted before bottling, with the alcohol content above 4 degrees. Most people think that the peat smell of this single malt whisky is too strong to be accepted, while the original malt taste of mixed whisky has been diluted and its smell is more attractive. So when it comes to whisky, most of them refer to mixed whisky. The famous brands of single malt whisky are: Glenfiddich, Tomatin and CarI Hu. Granli, Glen Livet, Britannia, Macallan. High Land Park, Argrli, Spring Bank.

2. Grain whisky Grain Whisky is based on cereals such as oats, wheat, rye and corn. Barley accounts for only 2%, which is mainly used to make malt and used as saccharifying agent. The taste of grain whisky is very dull, almost the same as that of edible alcohol. It belongs to light spirits and is mostly used to blend other whiskies. Grain whisky is rarely retailed.

3. Blended scoth whisky is a mixture of pure malt whisky, grain whisky or edible alcohol. Those who add edible alcohol during blending are generally indicated on the trademark. Blending whisky is a highly technical job, which is usually mastered by excellent bartenders. When blending, we should not only consider the blending ratio of pure and miscellaneous grains, but also take into account the age, origin, taste and other characteristics of various blended liquors. The blending of whisky is different from Cognac (famous cognac and brandy). When it is blended, it is not tasted by mouth, but blended by olfactory judgment. When it is difficult to distinguish the smell, take a little wine and apply it on the back of the hand to volatilize its fragrance, and then carefully smell and identify it. Well-known manufacturers, with their excellent winemakers' experience and technology and unique and confidential blending equations, have concocted new flavors that are more enjoyable than the original individual raw materials. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 2, blending methods of Scotch Whisky, but only about 1 kinds of Scotch Whisky can reach an excellent level after blending, so it is popular for a while and its sales volume is far greater than other mixed whiskies. The most famous and highest-yielding brands in Britain, "Red Square" and "Black Square", are blended from 4 kinds of original wine samples. After blending and storing for several years, the smoky taste of whisky is diluted, the fragrance is more attractive, and it sells the most in the world, which is the essence of scotch whisky. Whiskey is usually divided into ordinary and advanced. Generally speaking, the amount of single malt whisky is between 5% and 8%, which is high-grade blended whisky. If the proportion of grain whiskey is greater than that of single malt whiskey, it is ordinary whiskey. High-grade whisky should be stored in oak barrels for more than 12 years after blending, while ordinary whisky can be sold for about 8 years after blending. The famous products of Standard Whisky are: ballantine, Be11's, Johnnie Walker Red Lable, White Horse, Long John, Teacher's and Treasure (J and B). Premium Whisky's famous products are: Jin Xi ballantine, Ballantine's 3O Years Old and Haig Dim.