1. Land leveling
Peanut is a cash crop, which blooms on the ground, forms fruit needles, and then burrows into the ground to bear fruit. Suitable for planting on loose sandy soil and oily sandy soil. Plots planted with peanuts should be deeply ploughed, and 30-40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure should be applied per hectare in combination with ploughing, and the ploughing should be suppressed 1-2 times. Where conditions permit, irrigation can be carried out first, and then the mixture of agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be applied into ridges and ditches to suppress ridging and prepare for timely sowing. Note that peanuts like stubble, and it is not advisable to repeat stubble and stubble. The better previous crops are corn, millet and sorghum.
2. Cultivated varieties
The high yield of peanuts is based on improved varieties. Peanut varieties suitable for planting in this area mainly include Hua Fu series varieties and Jifu series varieties (commonly known as Silihong). The growth period is about 1 10- 120 days. Choose pods with large, full, orderly and undamaged fruits as seeds. Before hulling, it should be aired for 1-3 days, and after hulling, it should be further selected, and the seeds with pure color and neat shape should be selected as seeds.
3. Scientific fertilization
Peanut is more barren-resistant, with base fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and 30 tons of farmyard manure is applied per hectare; The fertilizer should be mainly phosphate fertilizer, and 300-400 kilograms of diammonium phosphate should be applied per hectare. Planting peanuts on barren land will increase urea by 200-300 kg per hectare.
Layered fertilization: before sowing, the fertilizer is divided into two layers: base fertilizer and seed fertilizer.
Fractional fertilization: The main available nitrogen fertilizer is the fractional fertilization technology combining base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. The available nitrogen fertilizer should be based on base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, and a certain amount of urea or other fertilizers should be topdressing in time if fertilization occurs during growth.
Deep application: base fertilizer should be applied 8- 10 cm below the seeds, seed fertilizer should be applied 3-5 cm below the seeds, and the depth of topdressing should be above 10 cm.
In order to increase production and income, it is suggested to apply peanut special fertilizer with qualified quality, and the application amount and method should be applied according to the instructions. If self-fertilizing, 200-300 kg of urea, 300-400 kg of diammonium phosphate and 0/00-/0/50 kg of potassium sulfate can be applied per hectare.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting.
The suitable sowing date of peanuts in this area is early and middle May, and the specific sowing date depends on the weather. The principle is as follows: as long as the surface soil temperature of 5 cm stably passes through 12℃, peanuts can be planted, with 3-4 seeds per square yard, covered with 3-5 cm thick soil and trampled; The second type is J-VOD. If the soil moisture is insufficient, the plant must sit in the water. When sowing with water, it is necessary to wait until the water is completely infiltrated before fertilizing, sowing and covering the soil.
Peanut seeds should be soaked in warm water for 3-4 hours before sowing and kept moist. Seeds should be kept at 20-25℃ to germinate. After a day and a night, the seeds should be sown on wet soil to prevent the buds from drying out. Seeds that accelerate germination should be sown at any time, and it is not advisable to stay overnight, so as to avoid the buds being too long and damaging the germ. Generally speaking, peanuts should be fat and thin, thin and dense; The suitable planting density in this area is 654.38+0.5-0.2 million/hectare, and the suitable planting density of each plot should be determined according to soil fertility and density tolerance of varieties.
5. Field management of peanuts
Replanting and interplanting: from late May to early June, we should investigate the seedling situation as soon as possible and replant the fields that obviously lack seedlings as soon as possible. The method of accelerating germination and watering sowing can be used to replenish seedlings, and the interplanting and seedling fixing work can be completed.
Clear the tree and squat down the seedlings: when the peanuts are all seedlings, dig a circle of soil around the seedlings with your small hands, and then gently pull out the two leaves from the ground with your hands. Generally, seedling cleaning and squatting are carried out three days after the first shovel transportation.
Shovel in time: shovel after the seedlings are unearthed, and shovel for the first time after three days. /kloc-shovel twice after 0/5-20 days, and be careful not to crush the seedlings. After flowering, shovel three times. When harvesting the ridge, visit the square head ridge to facilitate the fruit needles to penetrate into the soil. At the same time, we should pay attention to pulling out the big grass.
top application
During the period of pod setting and full fruit, fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (suitable concentration is 0.3%) and plant growth regulators such as Lufeng 95 can be sprayed on the leaves according to the growth situation to promote seed formation.
7. Pest control
The common disease is Fusarium wilt (also known as bacterial wilt and root rot), and the main symptoms are withered leaves, dark brown roots and stems; Peanut diseases include leaf spot, anthracnose and angular spot. Alternating control with carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb can effectively control Fusarium wilt and leaf spot, and 200 times 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder can also be sprayed.
Peanut pests include red spiders, aphids and underground pests. The first choice for red spiders and aphids ... >>
Question 2: How to plant peanuts well How to plant peanuts in shells is a new technology that saves labor and increases production. The experiment showed that the yield of sowing with shell was 5.4% higher than that of sowing with bare kernel, reaching 65438 0.03%. The specific method is as follows:
1, seed selection: choose large and full seeds, because full seeds are easy to spread the peel after absorbing water and are conducive to seedling emergence. The fruit of two kernels will be broken.
2. Seed soaking: Soak the seeds in warm water at 40-50℃ 10 hour or cold water for 24 hours to make the seeds absorb enough water, and then sow.
3. Sowing: Spring sowing should be in the first half of April, and summer sowing should be as early as possible. You should master the depth when sowing. Generally 5 cm is better. After sowing, it should be compacted to avoid taking the shell out of the ground when it emerges, which will affect the growth of seedlings and the first pair of lateral branches.
4. Density: It should be mastered flexibly according to soil fertility and variety. Generally, 7000 holes for small peanuts and 5000 ~ 6000 holes for large peanuts are sown in spring; Compared with spring sowing, summer sowing peanuts increased by 1000 holes per mu, with 2 ~ 3 seeds per hole.
5. Clear the tree: after the seedlings are unearthed, when the two leaves are exposed, clear the trees and squat down the seedlings to promote the growth of the first lateral branches and make them blossom and bear fruit early.
Question 3: When will peanuts be planted? How to plant it? When I was a child in the countryside, I once planted a peanut myself.
Peanut was planted in Tomb-Sweeping Day before and after, which is suitable for planting in sandy land. Before planting, it needs deep digging. Pay attention to fertilization and weeding after planting.
Question 4: How to grow peanuts? Peanut high-yield planting method
March 5(th), 2009
First, winter ploughing
When planting peanut plots, winter ploughing must be carried out before heavy snow freezing, and the best ploughing layer is 30 cm. Freezing soil is beneficial to improve soil and eliminate underground overwintering pests such as peanut grubs and peanut root-knot nematodes. Winter ploughing is the key measure for high yield of peanut.
Second, fertilization.
1. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer, and 2-3 cubic meters of farm manure must be applied to each acre of peanut land.
2. Apply biological bacterial fertilizer, 40kg per mu. The soil with biological bacterial fertilizer is loose and breathable, which is beneficial for peanuts to enter the soil and promote the formation of peanut rhizobia. Biological bacteria can kill harmful bacteria in the soil and protect beneficial bacteria, especially when harvesting peanuts in the later stage, which saves labor and time. This is another key measure for high yield of peanuts.
3. Apply 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer with complete elements.
4, boron fertilizer, peanuts need a lot of boron fertilizer in the whole growth process, it is recommended to add 200 grams of Canadian maple boron when fertilizing.
5. Applying silicon fertilizer, peanuts need more silicon and calcium in the growth process. It is suggested to apply 25 kg of Lv Shan short-odd brand silicon-calcium fertilizer per mu.
Three, Tianda 2 1 16 seed dressing
Peanut seeds, with 2 1 165438+50g peanut beans, add 250g water, add 3g acetamiprid to prepare various solutions, spread the peanut seeds on a plastic sheet, and spray the prepared mother liquor evenly on the peanut seeds with a small sprayer. After the liquid medicine is wetted, it can be planted in a cool and ventilated place and dried. Don't expose it to the sun. After seed dressing, peanut root system developed, and many fruit needles were formed, and the fruit needles were buried early, which reduced the occurrence of peanut root rot and stem rot. Seed dressing with peanuts alone can increase the yield by at least 100 kg. This is the most critical measure in peanut planting.
Fourth, sowing time.
The most suitable sowing date in Jiaodong is from late April to May before 1. When sowing peanuts, the soil temperature at the depth of10cm must reach 1 1.5℃ to 13℃. Remember never to sow when the temperature is lower than 1 1℃ to prevent rotten and dead seedlings.
Five, reasonable close planting
The length of peanut mulch is 95 cm, and the spacing between plants is about 27 cm. The amount of seeds used per mu is between11kg-12.5 kg. Peanut seeds should be carefully selected to ensure full granules.
6. Spray Tianda 2 1 16 and Tianda silica gel in time.
* * * Spray 4 times a year, reaching 2 1 16 and silica gel. For the first time, at the initial flowering stage of peanuts, the number of days for peanut beans is 2 1 16800 times that of silicone, and it is better to add 50 times of fermented urine. The time of the second flower in full bloom of peanut is 2 1 16 1000, which is 4000 times that of silicone and 50 times that of fermentation and urine. The effect of this second spraying is that peanut plants are strong, with more fruit needles and early burying of fruit needles. Special drought resistance is the key to high yield. The third time was in mid-July, and the fourth time was around August 10, and the spraying days reached 2 1 16 1000 times respectively. The effects of these two sprays are 1, drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance respectively. 2. It has a good control effect on peanut leaf spot. 3. Peanut didn't wither. Why do peanuts spray silica gel? Silicone is also an element. Silicon has been listed as the fourth largest element in Japan after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and it is an essential element for peanut growth. After spraying, it has strong permeability and is quickly absorbed by quilt leaves, which promotes the formation of chlorophyll, activates the growth and development of plant cells, activates the flow of some elements in plants and promotes the absorption of calcium fertilizer by peanuts. Practice has proved that silicone mixed with pesticides for 3-4 times is not only drug-saving, labor-saving and environment-friendly, but also resistant to rain erosion.
Seven, pest control
1. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids in peanut seedling stage to avoid virus diseases caused by aphids. It is suggested to spray acetamiprid 2000 times 1-2 times instead of omethoate.
2. In order to control peanut leaf spot, from mid-July to August, 2 1 16 and siloxane were sprayed with Lv Yun Rocco 1200 times solution or Kaixuan 5000 times solution.
3. Control grubs and leaf-gnawing pests, and spray peanut leaves together in the evening from mid-July to August 10 to achieve high-efficiency cyanogen. & gt
Question 5: How to plant peanut seedlings! Vegetables in peanut bud are newly developed new pollution-free and high-grade sprouts. Peanut bud cuisine can be produced all year round by adopting the new method of soilless culture technology in foam box, and there is no need to apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the production process, so there is no pollution. Now its production process is introduced as follows:
1. Variety selection: select small peanut varieties, and select new varieties with full seeds, uniform size, no damage, strong germination potential and high germination rate.
2. Production site: The production in peanut bud needs strict temperature and humidity conditions, and generally does not need illumination, but the air is fresh and smooth, so you can use the idle living room or abandoned idle room. Winter cultivation should use places that can keep warm, such as greenhouses or plastic greenhouses.
3. Foam box specifications: all kinds of foam boxes can be used. Generally, boxes with a length of 60 cm, a width of 40 cm and a height of 25 cm are selected, and the bottom of the box is required to be flat, with drainage vents.
4. Sowing: First, wash the seeds and remove the seeds, seed coats and impurities floating on the water. Then soak in warm water at 20℃ 12- 17 hours, and rinse with clean water 1 time. Spread a layer of newspaper on the bottom of the foam box, spread clean river sand with a thickness of 2 cm, spread the soaked seeds evenly on the sand surface in the box, and then cover the foam box with a layer of black plastic film, which plays the role of heat preservation, moisture preservation and sun protection. It is advisable to keep the temperature in the box at 23-28℃ and spray water 2-3 times a day.
5. Cultivation management: 2-3 days after sowing, when the bud length is 1 cm, all the seeds that will not germinate will be removed. The suitable temperature for the growth of peanut bud is 18-25℃, and more water should be sprayed in summer to cool down, and heat preservation should be strengthened in winter. Sprinkle water 3-4 times a day during the growing period, preferably with clean well water, and the amount of water sprayed each time is to ensure that the seedlings are all wet and the quality is saturated. During cultivation, the room should be kept dark and invisible, otherwise the peanut bud will turn green, which will affect the appearance and taste.
6. Harvest: Under normal cultivation environment, it takes 7-8 days in summer and autumn and 8- 10 days in winter and spring. When the sprout length is 12- 15 cm, the top petal is unfolded, and there are no cotyledons, rotten stems, odor and roots, it can be harvested.
Question 6: How to grow peanuts for high yield? 1. Preparation before broadcasting 1. Ground-selected peanuts are crops that bloom on the ground and bear fruit underground. The growth and development of roots need a good soil environment, which is suitable for planting in loam or sandy loam with good drainage and good sunshine. 2. Peanut soil preparation should generally be carried out with deep intertillage of 20~25 cm, generally less than 30 cm, and deep, loose, thick and living soil conditions can be achieved through deep tillage. 3. Fertilizing peanuts requires one-time application of sole fertilizer, and the effect is better. Generally 3500 kg of farm manure (including manure, plant ash, biogas residue, biogas slurry, crop straw fertilizer, cake fertilizer, etc.). ), 30-40 kg of ternary compound fertilizer or 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 8- 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. 4. When planting peanuts, we must choose 0.007~0.008 mm microfilm to facilitate the penetration of fruit needles and reduce the cost. 5. Rotation and peanut continuous cropping will lead to imbalance of soil microbial community and soil nutrients, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, obstruction of growth and development, and decrease of pod yield. According to the experiment, the pod yield of peanut decreased by nearly 20% after one year of continuous cropping and by 30% after two years of continuous cropping. Therefore, in order to make peanuts yield high, it is necessary to rotate crops and change stubbles. 6. Choose a plot with medium fertility, choose early-maturing varieties with short growth period, such as "Baisha 10 16" and improved peanut variety Tangyou No.4, and take improved peanut variety Tang8252 (its yield performance is better than Tangyou No.4). 2. Sowing amount 1. Sowing began when the ground temperature of 5cm reached 15℃. In Huludao City, Liaoning Province, generally in early May, the best sowing date for peanut planting with plastic film mulching is in late April. 2. Moisture In order to ensure the water demand of peanut seeds at seedling stage and seedling stage, there should be enough water when sowing, and the water should be held in your hand and sown. If the water is insufficient, water should be used to make up the water. 3. Before seed selection and sowing, sprinkle peanut seeds outside the house from 9: 00 am to 3: 00 pm on sunny days, expose them to the sun for 2-3 days, peel, classify and remove the third-grade seeds. 4. The seeds selected for seed treatment should be "three mixed". That is, mixing pesticides, dressing seeds with phoxim EC150g for every 50kg of seeds; Second, mix fungicides, and dress seeds with 200 grams of carbendazim for every 50 kilograms of seeds; Three kinds of micro-fertilizers, 200 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 50 kilograms of seeds. 5. The sowing depth and density of peanuts are generally 4 ~ 5cm in sandy loam and 3 ~ 4cm in medium loam. Sowing density, row spacing 1.4~ 1.5 feet, plant spacing of 2 inches, single seed on demand; Peanut mulched cultivation has a large row spacing of 2.7 feet, a small row spacing 1 foot, and a plant spacing of 4 inches, and two seeds are sown. Iii. site management 1. Clear the tree and squat down the seedlings. Immediately after the emergence of peanuts, the surrounding soil was torn open to expose two leaves of the first pair of lateral branches. Clear the trees, and increase the yield by more than 30% compared with the control average mu. 2. Spraying fertilizer on the leaves If the seedlings are short of fertilizer, 40 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 40 kg of urea 1 kg or 40 kg of 2% calcium superphosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves per mu to promote the healthy growth of the seedlings. In the first half of August, Zhuang Ai, Mo Zhuang or Foer 655 can be sprayed on the leaves. 3. Regulate and control the growth in high water and fertilizer plots, peanuts grow excessively and are easy to grow white. Spraying plant growth regulator B9 or mepiquat chloride on the leaves, the suitable spraying concentration is 0.05%~0. 1%, and 40 kg can be sprayed per mu. Spraying 2 ~ 3g of mepiquat chloride per mu and adding 40kg of water can control the vegetative growth of peanuts, promote their reproductive growth and make them fruitful. 4. At the flowering stage of water topdressing peanut, if it doesn't rain, the water content of 50 cm soil layer is lower than 10%, and 7~ 10 kg urea should be added. When watering, it should be slowly infiltrated in the side ditch and poured evenly and thoroughly to avoid flooding. Harvest early-maturing varieties in the middle and late September, and harvest late-maturing varieties in the early June of/kloc-0. If the harvest is too late, peanuts will fall off in the soil and reduce income. The harvested pods will be dried for 5-7 days, and can be harvested when the water content drops below 10%. Pest control technology 1. Bromopropane before and after emergence? Pesticides such as methomyl are used to control seedling pests such as scarabs; Spraying imidacloprid or dimethoate 1000 times solution to control aphids when peanuts are clustered in early June; Use bromopropane in mid-July and early August? Control of Helicoverpa armigera and inchworm (bridge-building worm) by spraying methomyl 1000 times solution. 2. The common diseases of peanut in the late growth stage are leaf spot (mainly brown spot and angular spot), and prevention is the main one. & gt
Question 7: How to Grow Peanuts There are two common sayings in peanut production: "Seven kinds of flowers are divided into three parts" and "Nine kinds of flowers are divided into one tube", which is a remarkable feature that distinguishes peanuts from other crops. Therefore, the key measures to improve peanut yield should be fully implemented before sowing and during sowing. If this link is not well grasped and key measures are not implemented, it is impossible to achieve high yield even if management is good in the future. According to the production characteristics of this year, the following points should be paid attention to when sowing:
First, rational distribution of varieties, give full play to the yield potential of varieties.
Improved varieties are the key to increase production. We should choose varieties that are drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant, dense-tolerant, concentrated in fruits, not rotten, easy to harvest, Shuang Ren, high full fruit rate (85%), wide adaptability, great potential for increasing production and high population yield. This year, we should actively expand and popularize a new generation of high-yield new varieties (lines) in peanut variety collocation. The following varieties were mainly selected: Lu Hua No.9, Lu Hua 14, Huayu 17, Huayu No.22, Huayu No.23, Fenghua 1 2, Hua Wei No.6 and No.8, etc. The planting area of small peanuts should be reduced, and the planting area of Hua Wei No.6, No.8 and Fenghua series varieties with high and stable yield should be expanded.
Second, increase fertilizer input to ensure the nutrient demand of peanut in the growing period.
1, principle of peanut fertilization
(1) Organic fertilizer is the main component, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is rich in nutrition, which can increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, facilitate rhizobia activities and increase nitrogen sources. Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizer.
(2) Apply sufficient base fertilizer and appropriate topdressing. Organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. Under the condition of applying sufficient base fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in a timely and appropriate amount according to the growth situation.
(3) Reasonable collocation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace fertilizer.
2. Types, methods and quantities of fertilization
(1) base fertilizer and seed fertilizer: insufficient fertilizer input and partial fertilizer have always been one of the main factors limiting peanut yield, especially in low-and medium-yield fields. This year, fertilizer input should be appropriately increased to meet the needs of peanut in the whole growth period. Peanut base fertilizer accounts for 80%-90% of the total fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The specific application method varies with the amount and type of fertilization. Generally speaking, it is a combination of decentralization and centralization. Most of them are ready to be applied as base fertilizer before sowing, and a few of them are combined with concentrated furrow application or hole application. Before sowing peanuts, soak the seeds with 0.2%-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.0 1%-0. 1% boric acid aqueous solution, and air dry to supplement the trace elements of peanuts. When sowing, apply 2-3kg of seed fertilizer or 3-4kg of diammonium phosphate.
(2) This year, it is required to apply 2,500-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 0/0 kg of urea/kloc or 0/5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and advocate the use of long-acting compound fertilizer, 30-50 kg per mu. In order to comprehensively improve the level of fertilization and achieve the purpose of balanced fertilization.
Third, sow in time, keep soil moisture and improve sowing quality.
L, peanut seed treatment should be "one selection and two mixing". "One choice" is a choice. That is, select seeds and remove miscellaneous seeds, chaff seeds and small seeds. "Two-mixed" refers to one-time mixing of pesticides. Seed dressing with100g of 40% methyl isofenphos or150g of phoxim EC per 50kg of seeds. 2. Mix fungicides, and wash 50 ml of water and 500 g of water for every 50 kg of seeds.
2. Pay attention to the proper sowing date. The suitable temperature for peanut sowing is 5cm, and the average ground temperature is above 65438 02℃. According to the convention of our city, the sowing date of plastic film mulching should be from April 15 to April 25, and floating too early or too late will affect the yield.
3. Shallow sowing with sufficient water is one of the key factors to ensure the uniformity of peanut seedlings, especially plastic-coated peanuts, which will have a great impact on the cultivation of strong seedlings and flower bud differentiation, seriously affecting the yield and quality. Therefore, sowing with sufficient soil moisture must be regarded as the key measure to increase peanut yield. If there is rain during the sowing period, it is necessary to grab the seeds in time so as not to miss the cultivation. If the soil moisture is insufficient, ditch the water or splash the ground before sowing, and never sow. Generally speaking, the sowing depth of peanuts is 4-5 cm in sandy loam and 3-4 cm in medium loam. When sowing, the soil moisture should be 70% of the maximum field capacity.
4. Density In terms of peanut density, it is necessary to overcome the misconception that "peanuts are easy to be sparse but not dense, otherwise the yield will be low", and ensure that large peanuts have 8000-9500 piers per mu, small peanuts have10000-1000 piers per mu, the ridge spacing is 85-90cm, and the small row spacing is 35.
Fourth, comprehensively promote machinery ... >>
Question 8: How to plant shelled peanuts is a new technology to save labor and increase production. The experiment showed that the yield of sowing with shell was 5.4% higher than that of sowing with bare kernel, reaching 65438 0.03%. The specific method is as follows:
1, seed selection: choose large and full seeds, because full seeds are easy to spread the peel after absorbing water and are conducive to seedling emergence. The fruit of two kernels will be broken.
2. Seed soaking: Soak the seeds in warm water at 40-50℃ 10 hour or cold water for 24 hours to make the seeds absorb enough water, and then sow.
3. Sowing: Spring sowing should be in the first half of April, and summer sowing should be as early as possible. You should master the depth when sowing. Generally 5 cm is better. After sowing, it should be compacted to avoid taking the shell out of the ground when it emerges, which will affect the growth of seedlings and the first pair of lateral branches.
4. Density: 7,000 holes of l-2p for small peanuts and 5,000-6,000 holes for large peanuts, which shall be excavated flexibly according to soil fertility and varieties; Compared with spring sowing, summer sowing peanuts increased by 1000 holes per mu, with 2 ~ 3 seeds per hole.
5. Clear the tree: after the seedlings are unearthed, when the two leaves are exposed, clear the trees and squat down the seedlings to promote the growth of the first lateral branches and make them blossom and bear fruit early.
Question 9: How to grow peanuts? How many peanuts does an acre of land need? Plant ten to fifteen catties of peanuts on an acre of land, and I will send you a picture of how to plant peanuts!
Question 10: What is the planting method of common peanuts? Reply to get off work ~