According to published information, the types of mirrors in the Song Dynasty can be divided into flower mirrors, dragon pattern mirrors, bird pattern mirrors, fairy tale mirrors, Bagua mirrors, trademark inscription mirrors, auspicious inscription mirrors, plain mirrors, etc. type. Each category has different forms and contents. Flower mirror: Flower mirror is one of the most prominent types of bronze mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Common ones include sub-shaped, diamond-shaped, sunflower-shaped, round, etc. The theme decoration uses multiple branches and flowers as an expression technique. Some have a button as the center, with four blooming peonies radiating from a branch, symmetrically arranged in all directions. The composition is simple and realistic. Some of the rhombus branches that appear and disappear reveal broad leaves and flowers. The rhombus branches are slender and beautiful, the stems and leaves are interlaced and the calyces of the flowers are elegant. Many dated Song Dynasty tombs have unearthed various flower mirrors in the burials, such as the tomb of Huizong Zhenghe in the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty in Macheng, Hubei, the tomb of Huizong Xuanhe in Danfeng County, Shaanxi, and the tomb of Gaozong Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty in Jiangsu. . Judging from the unearthed areas, they have been unearthed all over the north and south. Dragon pattern mirror type: it can be divided into double dragon mirror and single dragon mirror. From what we have seen so far, there is very little information about the single dragon mirror. Double dragon mirrors are available in eight-rhombus, six-rhombus, sunflower-shape, furnace-shape, and rhombus-shape with handles. The two dragons are on both sides of the button. The body is coiled above the head, and one hind limb is intertwined with the tail to form a ring. The two dragons looked at the round button, using the button as a pearl, making a play-bead shape. One dragon opens its mouth and the other shuts its mouth. Under the button, there is a three-legged incense burner placed on the shore. The waves are rolling under the shore. Regardless of the shape of this type of dragon pattern mirror, the dragon pattern and layout are basically the same, and the characteristics are very obvious. A side of the tomb was unearthed in 1255, the third year of Lizong Baoyou's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, in Gao'an, Jiangxi. Another bronze mirror has the inscription "Jiaxi Wuxu Wu Shi Shujing" cast on it. "Jiaxi Wuxu" refers to the second year of Jiaxi reign of Lizong in the Southern Song Dynasty? 1238. It can be seen that this kind of mirror was popular in the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from the information currently available, this type of mirror has been handed down and unearthed frequently, and it was one of the most popular types of mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Bird mirrors; there were many types of flower and bird mirrors in the Song Dynasty, but the double-phoenix mirror was the most beautiful and popular. Double phoenix mirrors are mostly round in shape, and the theme decoration is usually double phoenix. The phoenix shape is large and covers the back of the mirror. Many mirrors are rarely decorated with other patterns except double phoenixes. The two phoenixes are connected end to end and wrap around each other, resembling a paper-cut pattern. The wings and tail are delicately and gorgeously carved. In particular, the tail feathers are exaggerated and deformed. Some are like three long thin vines, some are like a curly rhombus, and some are stretched out in a rhombus pattern. It can be said that the double phoenix pattern mirror is a masterpiece of bronze mirror decoration in the Song Dynasty. Mirrors with fairy tales and stories: Bronze mirrors with this type of theme are rich in content and come in many types. The fairy stories include the Flying Fairy Mirror, the Immortal Subduing the Dragon Mirror, the Two Immortals Crossing the Sea Mirror, the Arhat Crossing the Sea Mirror, the Chang'e Flying to the Moon Mirror, the Moon Palace Mirror, and the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Mirror. The themes of character legends and stories are more abundant. There are: Cuju pattern mirror, dressing mirror, Wang Zhi Guanyi mirror, Ning Qi Fan Niu mirror, Qigong figure mirror, turtle and crane Qishou figure mirror, paying homage figure mirror, Xuanyuan mirror. Among them, there are many arhat pattern mirrors, turtle and crane figure mirrors, Wang Zhi Guan Yi mirror, Ning Qi Fan Niu mirror, and worshiping figure mirrors. Here are a few examples. Visiting Figure Mirror: The picture shows a pavilion, a small bridge, flowing water, and a big tree. There are figures and waiters in front of the pavilion. A person on the bridge made a gesture of paying homage. There are nearly 10 known to date. Among them, a section unearthed from the tomb of Huizong Chongning of the Northern Song Dynasty in Xiangyang, Hubei Province is particularly important for determining its era. Ning Qi Fan Niu Jing: The picture is divided into two parts: water and land. There is a big tree and two people on the ground. A man is holding a cow, and there are ripples in the water. There are currently seven or eight known faces. Wang Zhi's Game Mirror: The picture also has two parts: land and water. There is a big tree on the ground. Under the tree, two people are playing chess. One person is watching the game, and there are people walking on the shore. ?Figure 5: Bagua mirror type: The most diverse forms of Bagua mirrors in the Song Dynasty. Judging from the combination of Bagua and other patterns, there is a Pishen Bagua mirror, that is, Bagua is organized with Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu. Twelve Earthly Branches Bagua Mirror (Picture 6)

, Celestial Elephant Bagua Mirror, Dragon and Tiger Bagua Mirror, Twelve Zodiac Bagua Mirror, Bagua Inscription Mirror, Bagua Mirror, no matter the pattern is complex or simple, the Bagua mirror is Very prominent. The arrangement of the Bagua mirrors of the Song Dynasty is still arranged according to the orientation of "Yi Lun Gua". Since the Qian hexagram is in the northwest and the Kun hexagram is in the southwest...it is different from the position of the Qian hexagram in the south and the Kun hexagram in the north advocated by Shao Yong, a scholar of the Song Dynasty. They are consistent with the Bagua orientation. Other patterns are also arranged in a strict directional sequence. For example, the four gods are arranged according to the directions of Qinglong in the east, white tiger in the west, Suzaku in the south, and Xuanwu in the north. The twelve zodiac signs are arranged according to the directions of Zi? Rat in the north, Wu and Ma in the south.

Some of the Song Bagua mirrors came from the tomb of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty in the year 1104 of the third year of Chongning, the tomb of Emperor Huizong of the third year of Zhenghe in the year 1113, and the tomb of Emperor Gaozong of the ninth year of Shaoxing in the year 1139. It can be seen that they were particularly popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty. Trademark mirror type: The so-called trademark inscription is an inscription cast in a long grid on one or both sides of the mirror button. The content is mostly the region where the mirror was made, the shop, the trade name and the surname of the craftsman. According to the different regions where mirrors are made, people divide them into: Huzhou mirror, Jiankang mirror, Chengdu mirror, Hangzhou mirror, Raozhou mirror... Huzhou mirror: common forms include rhombus shape, sunflower shape, square, long strip, and handle shape. wait. There are many types of inscriptions, among which the Shijia inscriptions are the most common, such as: "Huzhou Yifeng Bridge South Restaurant is opposite the Shijia real bronze Zhaozi", "Huzhou real stone eighth uncle smelted copper Zhaozi, every two hundred inscriptions". Archaeological materials prove that Huzhou mirror became popular in the late Northern Song Dynasty and was most popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Hangzhou Mirror: Inscriptions such as "The bronze mirror of the Chui family in Hangzhou opens to the west under the Qingdao Bridge in Yuezhou" and "The real bronze mirror of the Gao family in Hangzhou". Chengdu Mirror: The inscription is "Chengdu Gong Family Bronze Mirror". Jiankang Mirror: The inscription is "Jiankang Household Copper Smelting Photos". Raozhou mirror: inscription such as "Raozhou Xinqiao Xu family bronze mirror". ?

In addition, there are Jizhou, Suzhou, Mingzhou, Changzhou, Xiuzhou, etc. This article will not list them one by one. Auspicious inscription mirrors: Bronze mirrors have auspicious inscriptions as the main content, and many bronze mirrors no longer have other decorations. For example, on the mirror with the inscription "Fu Shou", the inscription is divided into two circles. The inscription in the inner circle is "Fu Shou Jia An", with a happy pattern between each word. The inscription on the outer ring is "Qingsu family heirloom, a treasure for everlasting use". They have been unearthed in Zhuping, Henan, and Liaocheng, Shandong. Mirror with the inscription of loyalty and filial piety: the inscription is divided into two circles. The inner circle is inscribed with the name of loyalty and filial piety, and the outer circle is inscribed with the inscription of long life, wealth, and family harmony. Exquisite mirror with inscriptions: It is round and has a handle, with two rows of inscriptions on the back saying "Eight-faced exquisite mirror" and "The mouth is not free from sitting". Unearthed from a Southern Song Dynasty tomb in Wuchang, Hubei Province. Judging from the unearthed tomb data, this type of mirror with auspicious inscriptions was mainly popular in the Southern Song Dynasty. These inscription mirrors have outstanding features. The font is in seal script, and the number of characters is mostly eight. There are also four in the inner area and eight characters in the outer area. The arrangement is either circular or vertical. The latter is mostly two rows, with four characters in one row. , the fonts are relatively large, the strokes are clear, the content is popular, and there is no accumulation of gorgeous rhetoric. Plain mirrors: There are many plain mirrors unearthed from the tombs of the Song Dynasty. Most of the mirrors have no decorations or inscriptions on the back. A few mirrors have several string patterns. They are round, square, square, angular, handle-shaped and sunflower-shaped. For small buttons. Many of the tombs with Sujing unearthed have epitaphs, including Yuanyou Yuanfu in the Northern Song Dynasty, Qiandao, Chunxi, Qingyuan, Jiading, Baoqing, etc. in the Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from the forms of the mirrors unearthed from these tombs, those unearthed from the tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty are all sunflower-shaped and rhombus-shaped cable mirrors. 2. Some important characteristics of bronze mirrors of the Song Dynasty Among the bronze mirrors of various eras in China, the shapes of Song mirrors are the most abundant, including round, square, rectangular, rhombus-shaped, bell-shaped, shield-shaped, tripod-furnace-shaped, chicken-heart-shaped, etc. Just look at the mirror shape. It can be said to be unprecedented. In terms of the alloy composition of Chinese bronze mirrors, Song mirrors were also an important transition period. Song mirrors were different from Han and Tang mirrors in that they contained less tin and more lead. Therefore, unlike the silvery white copper of Han and Tang mirrors, they became brass. The color and texture are not as hard as the Han and Tang mirrors, and become rough and soft. Emphasis on practicality rather than ornamentation is the biggest characteristic of Southern Song Dynasty mirrors. In the Song Dynasty, mirrors with no decorations other than names and trademarks and inscriptions were extremely popular. This situation is almost never seen in Tang Dynasty mirrors.

The poster also saw that there are many different types of Song Dynasty mirrors with different patterns and images and different prices. If the poster sincerely wants our collectors to help you identify them, please upload pictures so that we can help you estimate the value easily. . . .