Termitomycetes are termites' "adopted sons" and termites are termites' "guardians". Whether the relationship is complicated is mainly because of their * * * relationship. Termites build nests and breed termites, which provide nutrients for termites to survive. They help each other, and no one can do without each other.
Every year, termites use some sawdust to build an ant nest, that is, a termite nest. Termites will pick up some termite spores around the ant nest and put them into the ant nest. After these sawdust are cultured, termite spores will gradually grow into termites, and the mycelium of termites is the main energy source, so they alternate with each other. Many people will say that termites eat the mycelium of termites, so why can this termite continue to grow so big? Let's continue to talk about the growth of termites.
Many adult termites grow wings every spring and go out to mate. At this time, the number of termites left in the nest will be very small. After the hyphae of termites are not eaten by termites, there will be a backlog of nutrients When the rainy season comes, termites with a backlog of nutrients will kink to form mushroom primordia through the conditions provided by ant nests. After constant nutritional transformation, termites will eventually break through the ground and drill out of the ground. Many people don't know this magical growth mode. The reason why termites are mysterious is because of this growth mode.
I come from rural Yunnan. As a rural person, I certainly know the growth process of termites. The growth of termites is a magical process. Simply put, it is a * * * living body of insects and plants, and its growth process is extremely special.
I don't know if you have such a saying: "Dragon Boat Festival in May, chicken fir arches the earth". What does this mean? It means that after the Dragon Boat Festival every year, the pheasant fir arches the soil, and then you can enjoy this idyllic delicacy. It is said that this kind of termites is really a magical species, and this relationship is extremely rare.
When everything is ready, just wait for the rain to come, these hyphae will slowly grow into termites, and every year around the Dragon Boat Festival, these termites will be unearthed and become delicious on earth. The above are personal opinions and are for reference only. If you like, please click on the attention and comment.
Termitomyces gallinarum is a fresh-eating fungus with fresh taste and a long history of breeding, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas south of the Yangtze River in China. Because of the extremely special growth process of termites and termites, scientists can isolate or culture the mycelium of termites, but they can't make the mycelium grow into fruiting bodies (termites) for the time being. Inoculating artificially cultured termite mycelium into sterilized fungus garden (termite nest), the mycelium can continue to grow and cover the whole fungus garden, but it can't form seeds.
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This shows that termites do not rely entirely on their nests to grow fruiting bodies. One of them is that the hyphae of termites differentiate and develop into fruiting bodies, and some metabolites of termites are needed to make the hyphae grow and develop into fruiting bodies. We have not found this factor for the time being. Second, it is possible that the tested ant nest fails to meet some specific environmental conditions required for the growth and development of termite fruiting bodies, resulting in the failure to form fruiting bodies.
In view of the above scientists' research, we can't know the whole growth process of termitomycetes completely and accurately at present. Just a lot of inferences about the ecological environment and the characteristics of fruiting bodies. Many difficult problems need scientific explanation.
Ecological environment of termitomycetes
1, the relationship between termites, the relationship between termites is * * *, the nest is a good culture medium for termites, termites are food for termites, and it can also help termites decompose lignin and supply termites with antibiotics. It is difficult for termites to regenerate after leaving their nests.
2, nutrition, termites' nutrition comes from cellulose and lignin in the nest, which is the substrate for the growth and development of termites, but the formation of fruiting bodies requires the participation of some factors of termites.
3. Illumination, termitomycetes can grow normally in underground ant nests without illumination, and can successfully complete the formation of fruiting bodies.
4. PH value: The pH value of the ant nest is around 4, no matter whether the termitomycetes are in the developing stage (small white ball) or the growing mushrooms, and the termitomycetes on the surface live in a slightly acidic environment.
5. Air is a white ball woven by the hyphae of termitomycetes (a stage of the growth and development of termitomycetes), which can tolerate high concentration of carbon dioxide (3-5%), which other fungi can't tolerate, and form fruiting bodies.
6, temperature, the growth and development of termitomycetes in a relatively constant underground environment (generally maintained at 25-26 degrees). Not less than 20 degrees in winter and not more than 28 degrees in summer.
7. Humidity. The air humidity of the growing termite nest is generally above 90%.
Generally speaking, the growth process of termites is similar to other fungi, but its substrate must be an ant nest, in which termites participate in a certain process from mycelium development to fruiting body differentiation, which has not been clarified yet, so artificial culture is still very difficult.
I am a native of Panzhihua, and we are also rich in termites and truffles, which are wild "delicacies" that cannot be cultivated artificially and have high nutritional value. Termitomycetes use termites to build nests and raise chickens. The mycelium of this bacterium forms an identical ecosystem. As long as the mycelium is not destroyed, it will grow in situ every year.
In our local area, chicken fir with steamed ham is of course the most irreplaceable classic food. The rainy season from July to August in the new calendar every year is the time for mass production of chicken termites. I think termitomycetes is not only a kind of existence with high nutritional value, but also the deepest feeling in every child who grew up in Panzhihua. ...
Wild fungi generally grow in coniferous forests and mixed forests such as Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus alpine and Pinus zhanfeng, and are solitary to group. Due to different geographical environments and different vegetation growing in different places, the species of wild fungi are diverse. Generally speaking, the growth of wild mushrooms is affected by natural conditions such as temperature, sunshine, topography and cycle. The contents of effective components such as amino acids and protein are different in wild mushrooms grown in different environments, and the types and contents of trace elements such as copper and zinc are also different. Large wild edible fungi grow in forest areas, and there is little or no external pollution in some places. Therefore, natural large-scale wild edible fungi are green food, and also health food rich in amino acids, extremely low in fat, vitamins and trace elements in protein. Yunnan's complex topography, diverse forest types, soil types and unique three-dimensional climate conditions have given birth to rich wild edible fungi resources, with many types, wide distribution and large output. It accounts for more than half of the edible fungi in the world and two thirds of the edible fungi in China. More specifically, different wild mushrooms have different growth environments. 1. termitomycetes is a famous wild fungus in Yunnan. The production season of termitomycetes is from June to September every year, and most of them grow on the slopes of unpolluted red soil forests. 2. Onions are born in broad-leaved forests such as Quercus and Quercus, and mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests, and they are solitary or group. 3. Boletus grows in the mixed forest of pine and oak between 900 meters and 2200 meters above sea level, or near the forest edge. The growing period is from the end of May to the middle of 10 every year. After rain, it grows more in sunny days and is easy to harvest. 4. Tricholoma matsutake often grows singly or in groups in Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake, which is distributed in the dense forest of mixed forest of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii, Quercus and Rhododendron in the temperate zone and cold temperate zone at an altitude of 1600-3200m. It is slightly different from Korean pine in Northeast China and Korean pine. Mostly born on slopes of 20-50 degrees, with neutral soil and deep humus. It is related to the fibrous roots of Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus armandii and Quercus, forming mycorrhiza and often forming mushroom circles. Mushrooms are born on gentle slopes of big pine trees, oak trees, azaleas and other dense forests, and generally bloom in June-165438+10, and the peak season is August-September. Tricholoma matsutake is mostly produced in the area of Yunnan where goose cream with orange peel is produced. External rooting relationships of some tree species in Pinus, Picea, Abies and Hemlock. 5. Ganba fungus, also known as Tricholoma matsutake, grows under the masson pine tree from July to September every year. 8. Penicillium mainly grows in the forest grass and comes out from June to September every year. It was a little spherical when it was first unearthed, and then it gradually expanded into a oblate circle. This hat is hard, showing a mixture of blue-green and white. Mushroom meat is tender and fragrant, and contains many nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur and amine. 9. Paecilomyces grows deep in the grass of high mountain and cliff, and is found only in a few places in Wei Chu and Lijiang in Yunnan. This fungus has no cover and no handle. It is covered with a layer of fine hair, which is yellowish brown and has obvious black patterns. It looks like Tiger Claw, hence the name. Morchella is produced in Ganzi, Dali, Lijiang and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mushroom meat is tender, sweet and nutritious. The surface of Morchella is dark green, oval, slightly like a sheep's belly, hence the name.