Shantou is dominated by delta alluvial plain, accounting for 63.62% of the city's area, followed by hills and mountains, accounting for 3.4% of the land area, and terraces account for 5.98% of the total area.
Shantou is located on the coastal alluvial plain, between the Lotus Mountains in eastern Guangdong and the South China Sea. The terrain in the territory inclines from northwest to southeast, and the whole terrain from northwest to southeast is in turn low and medium mountains-hills, terraces or terraces-alluvial plain or marine plain-sand ridges and sea cliffs-islands at the front of the coast.
natural climate
Shantou city is located in the southeast coast of Guangdong province, and the coastline runs from northeast to southwest. Shantou is subtropical, between the equatorial low pressure zone and the subtropical high pressure zone, and at the southern edge of the northeast trade wind zone. Shantou is located at the southeast end of the Eurasian continent, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and near the South China Sea. It is often northerly in winter and southerly or southeasterly in summer, which has obvious monsoon climate characteristics.
the tropic of cancer passes through the northern area of Shantou city. The city belongs to the tropical maritime climate of South Asia. Mild and humid, sunny, abundant rain, long frost-free period, wet in spring and rainy days; In early summer, the temperature rises, changes in temperature, and there are often heavy rains. In midsummer, although it is hot and less hot, it is often attacked by typhoons. Autumn is cool and dry, the weather is sunny, and the temperature drops obviously; There is no severe cold in winter, but there is short-term cold.
the annual sunshine lasts from 2 to 25 hours, and the shortest sunshine is in March. The annual rainfall is 13-18 mm, mostly concentrated in April-September. The annual average temperature is 21℃-22℃, and the minimum temperature is above ℃; The highest temperature is 36℃-4℃, which mostly occurs during the period of being controlled by the Pacific subtropical high from mid-July to early August. There are occasional short-term frost in winter.
Sightseeing
Shantou has sunny sunshine, pleasant climate, green mountains and green waters, blue sea and blue sky, many scenic spots and beautiful natural environment. The quality of urban environment is generally good, and the quantitative assessment results of comprehensive improvement of urban environment rank in the forefront of the whole province. Shantou City was included in the pilot city of building a conservation-oriented society in the province, and Guiyu Town of Chaoyang District was included in the first batch of national circular economy pilot units, and it was also the only town-level pilot unit. The water and air quality is excellent, and the urban greening coverage rate is 32.7%. Urban living facilities are complete. Garden-style residential areas are all over the city, and the living quality is superior. Urban road traffic is smooth and convenient; The business service industry is prosperous, the catering and hotel industry is developed, and there are a number of large supermarkets and shopping malls, with reasonable layout of commercial outlets and convenient shopping; Various cultural, sports and entertainment facilities are all over the city; There are many large general hospitals, and the overall medical technology level ranks in the forefront of prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province; The public security is good, the folk customs are generous and simple, and the residents live a quiet, peaceful, beautiful and comfortable life. It is the most suitable place to live and live. Shantou is also an ideal tourist attraction, including Qianshi Scenic Area, Beishan Bay Tourist Resort, Dahao Qingyun Rock, Zhongshan Park, Overseas Chinese Park, Stone Battery Park, Longhutan Beach, Xinjinhe Resort, Donghu Resort, Chenghai Laiwu Tourist Resort, Chenghai Lotus Mountain Hot Spring Tourist Resort, Nan 'ao County Green Bay, Golf Course, Library, Museum, International Convention and Exhibition Center, Cinema, etc. There are more than 4 star-rated hotels and guesthouses in the urban area, such as Golden Bay Hotel, Emgrand Hotel, Junhua Hotel, International Hotel, Longhu Hotel, etc. Shopping centers, Chinese and Western restaurants, entertainment centers and other service facilities are distributed everywhere, which can provide high-quality life supporting services for all visitors.
cultural characteristics
the arts and crafts in Chaoshan area have a long history and are as beautiful as flowers, and are well-known at home and abroad. As early as the Neolithic Age, Chaoshan had the production technology of stone tools and pottery. By the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chaoshan's ceramic modeling and glazing technology, jade, wood and bronze crafts had reached the advanced level in Guangdong. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, celadon, copper and iron smelting and casting technology, especially gold and silver jewelry technology, has formed a strong local characteristics. In Song and Yuan Dynasties, jade wood carving and ceramics were produced on a large scale, and many treasures were produced. The product types and skill levels were favored by Chinese and foreign people, and the export trade was greatly developed. The Ming and Qing Dynasties are the heyday of Chaoshan arts and crafts, and a large number of fine arts and crafts remain in the world. The niche table of Kaiyuan Temple Hall in Chaoshan, the round sculpture "Golden Thousand Pagodas" and jade carving products such as snuff bottles, jade seals, head inserts, nostalgia and wishful thinking are amazing.
Chaoshan folk lanterns, porcelain inlays, sachets, clay sculptures, paper-cuts and jewelry are all rich in local characteristics, which are well-known in the middle and become indispensable decorations and seasonal applications for officials and people. After thousands of years of refining, Chaoshan arts and crafts have merged with Chinese and foreign countries, brought forth the old and brought forth the new, and formed their own genre, forming a distinctive and rich local artistic style. Many experts and scholars in China have incisive exposition on this. Chaoshan craft not only has the inheritance and originality of Central Plains culture, but also has distinct regional characteristics.
Chaoshan handicrafts are made by Chaoshan people from local materials according to their own aesthetic standards in order to meet their own needs in production and life, which often shows its originality and makes people astonish.
Chaozhou Opera evolved from Southern Opera and was officially named Chaozhou Opera after the founding of New China. Chaozhou opera is a local opera in Chaoshan, one of the three major local operas in Guangdong and one of the top ten operas in China, with a history of more than 5 years. Chaozhou Opera, also known as the wonderful work of China Art Garden, has been widely praised at home and abroad. Its outstanding features are: beautiful lyricism, strong Chaoshan flavor, a large number of excellent repertoires, unique performing arts and famous actors, elegant and vulgar appreciation, deeply loved by the masses, many Chaozhou operas have been made into films and spread all over the country and overseas, and Chaozhou Opera Troupe has also performed many times in various parts of the country and overseas, especially the performing arts of ugly dramas are well-known.
The aria of Chaozhou Opera includes qupai, antithesis and minor.
Chaozhou opera singing has one characteristic: it is to help sing.
The characteristic musical instruments of Chaozhou Opera are Erxian, Coconut, Big Flute, Big Drum, Deep Wave, Qugong and so on.
In ancient times, the role lines of Chaozhou Opera were divided into seven parts, namely, life, Dan, Jing, Wei, Ugliness, Externality and Sticking. Now it has developed into 1 ugliness, 7 Dan, 5 life and 3 purity. Among them, it is famous for its "three little ones" (xiaosheng, xiaodan, clown) and is known as the "flower of the south".
This is the Chaozhou Opera, the wonderful work of Chaoshan culture, and the essence of Chaoshan folk art..
the folk music circulating in Chaoshan area is collectively called Chaozhou music, including gongs and drums, string poems, flute sets, fine music, temple music and other varieties. It is an ancient music with unique artistic style and strong local color, as well as deep mass base and high artistic value. At present, it is widely spread in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
Chaozhou music is simple and elegant, and its origin can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties. Chaozhou music not only originated from the ancient music in the Central Plains of Tang and Song Dynasties, but also inherited and blended various operas such as Zhengzi, Kunqu Opera, Western Qin and Waijiang and local folk tunes. By the middle of Ming Dynasty, Chaozhou music had formed a kind of folk music art with rich repertoire, diverse forms and its own system.
Chaozhou music is composed of "Ersi score", "Gongchi score" and simplified score. Among them, "Ersi score" is the oldest score of Chaozhou music, and it is also a rare score of China. From the study of "Ersi Spectrum" and the special melody of Chaozhou music, we can see the influence of Tang and Song music culture on Chaozhou music.
Chaozhou music is a kind of popular folk art form, which enjoys a variety of playing methods and musical instrument combinations. There are five basic modes of Chaozhou music, namely: light six-key, heavy six-key, lively five-key, anti-line key and light three-key six-key. The most distinctive musical instruments are Erxian and percussion. In the performance, except for gongs and drums, it is led and conducted by Er Xian.
The performance forms are flexible and diverse, with dozens or even hundreds of people playing big gongs and drums, and 25 people playing string music. It is an artistic form of appreciating elegance and vulgarity, entertaining the masses in vain, and has strong vitality and attraction.
There are many kinds of agricultural products, among which rice, peanuts, sugarcane and jute are traditional bulk products. Rich in all kinds of Lingnan fruits, Chaozhou Citrus is known as the "Queen of Citrus", while Linling, Olive, Myrica rubra, Yougan and Australian Willow are local famous and miscellaneous fruits. In the prestigious "Vegetable Kingdom", there are high-quality seasonal vegetables in the four seasons. Baoxin mustard, Zaohuang cabbage, kale flower and cauliflower are the local superior varieties, and the excellent rapeseed is well-known at home and abroad. The more famous livestock and poultry are lion-headed goose, gulling chicken, local black pig, etc., especially the lion-headed goose, which is known as the "king of birds". Sea and fresh water products are very rich, and the most precious ones are eel, grouper, pomfret, mackerel, prawn, cream crab, swimming crab, squid, oyster and laver. Chaozhou cuisine, with rich seafood as the main raw material, is popular at home and abroad for its exquisite materials, exquisite production and unique taste. Flavor foods, such as beef balls, pork balls, fish balls "three balls" and baked oysters, are well known. All kinds of preserved fruits and pickled vegetables are traditional famous dishes. Handicrafts such as Chaoshan embroidery, gold lacquer wood carving, toys and gifts enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad, and colored porcelain, pearl embroidery and gold and silver ornaments are also famous.
resources
42 kinds of minerals have been found in Shantou city, and there are 18 mineral areas. Judging from the existing regional geological exploration results, the remarkable characteristics of Shantou regional geology are the development of Mesozoic intrusive granite, the development of Quaternary land-sea interaction and marine sediments, and the related mineral resources are quite diverse and widely distributed. Tungsten-tin polymetallic deposits related to endogenous mineralization are mainly distributed in granite distribution areas in Chenghai and Chaoyang, while quartz sand, zircon and ilmenite related to exogenous mineralization are mainly distributed in coastal areas. The mineral resources in the area are relatively rich in tungsten, rare earth, glass sand, building granite, decorative granite, mineral water, underground hot water and so on, and their exploration and development prospects are very good. Tin, gold, ilmenite, zircon, monazite, kaolin and refractory clay have prospecting potential. Widely distributed granite, quartz sand and clay are important building raw material resources.
the city's land resources are 224,438.7 hectares. There are 13 ports available for development in the city, 7 deep-water ports are available for development in Nan 'ao Island alone, and 69 berths of 1,-1,-ton wharves can be built at 4 ports in the urban area, such as Zhuchi, Mashan, Suai and Guang 'ao. There are many harbors and large shallow sea beaches. The shallow sea beaches within the 1m isobath cover an area of 743, mu, and the usable area is 468, mu. The fishing grounds within the 2m isobath cover an area of 53, square kilometers, which is suitable for mariculture and rich in sea salt. There are 471 species of fish, 17 species of shrimps and crabs, more than 3 species of shellfish and nearly 2 species of algae known in offshore waters.
industry
the leading position of industry has been obviously enhanced, and it has formed eight dominant industries, including electronic information, textiles and clothing, plastics and chemicals, food processing, machinery and equipment, toy technology, printing and packaging, and audio-visual materials. Chenghai toy technology base and Chaoyang Chaonan textile and garment, fine chemicals and audio-visual materials production base will be built. The construction of the park has taken shape, and a number of parks, such as bonded zone, high-tech industrial development zone, Jinping private science and technology park and Longhu private science and technology park, have become key areas for the agglomeration of science and technology industries. There are 9 well-known trademarks in China, 8 famous brand products in China, 3 national inspection-free products, 12 famous trademarks in Guangdong Province and 65 famous brand products in Guangdong Province. By the end of 26, the city had approved the establishment of 5,713 foreign direct investment projects, and actually absorbed 7.249 billion US dollars of foreign direct investment. It has established economic and trade relations with 183 countries and regions, and 13 of the world's top 5 enterprises, including Chevron Texaco, Henkel, Wal-Mart and Caltex, have invested and settled in Shantou. Relying on the advantages of the port, Shantou has been planned as one of the five major petrochemical industrial bases in Guangdong Province. Petrochemical, energy, equipment manufacturing and so on have become the key strategic industries in Shantou, which have the advantage of backwardness. Agricultural industrialization has a good development momentum, and has formed six pillar industries of grain, vegetables, livestock, aquatic products, fruit tea industry and flowers.
Transportation
After 25 years of reform and opening up, Shantou has initially formed a modern three-dimensional transportation network with seaports and airports as the center and high-grade highways and railways as the skeleton; A number of infrastructures such as communication, electricity, water supply and environmental protection have been built, and public service facilities have been continuously improved.
Shantou Port is one of the main ports among the five coastal ports in China, with 38 berths above 5, tons, including 16 berths above 1, tons. The comprehensive throughput capacity is 26.21 million tons, and the container throughput capacity is 58, TEUs. In recent years, Shantou has made great efforts to develop the port logistics industry and shipping industry. At present, Shantou has freight exchanges with 268 ports in 57 countries and regions in the world, and has container regular freight liners with Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan and other places. In 26, the cargo throughput of Shantou Port exceeded 2 million tons for the first time, reaching 2.125 million tons, an increase of 15.9%.
Shantou has developed land transportation. Guangmeishan Railway connects the national railway network and becomes an important sea passage for Beijing-Kowloon Railway. The construction of Xiamen-Shenzhen coastal railway across Shantou is about to start, which makes Shantou play a more prominent role as a hub directly connecting the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and southeast coastal cities with the most developed economy in China. Shantou is one of the 45 major highway hub cities in China, with a highway network consisting of expressways, national highways and provincial highways extending in all directions. National highways 324 and 26 pass through Shantou and lead to the whole country; Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway and Shantou-Fen Expressway connect the three special economic zones of Shantou, Shenzhen and Xiamen and become an important part of the southeast coastal expressway trunk line. Shantou-Meizhou Expressway, which connects Shantou with Meizhou and Gannan, is under construction. At present, the city's highway density is 86.9 kilometers/1 square kilometers, and every village has access to highways. A modern highway network with expressways and national highways as the backbone has been basically established. Most parts of the city can get on the expressway within half an hour and reach the airport and port within one hour.
Shantou Airport can take off and land Boeing 737, 757 and other large and medium-sized passenger planes, with an annual passenger capacity of 3 million passengers. It has opened more than 4 routes to Hong Kong, Bangkok, Singapore and major cities in China, and handled the freight business of all navigation cities.