Jiangyou merchants, taking advantage of geographical advantages, are also active in Fujian and Guangdong. There are also local business gangs in Fujian and Guangdong, but their trade focus is on the sea, and the mountainous areas in the province are basically the activities of Jiangxi businessmen. Wang Shimao, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, found that the accents of residents in Jianyang, Shaowu and Changting in Fujian were similar to those in Jiangxi, which was originally related to the activities and naturalization of a large number of businessmen in Jiangxi. Take Jianning House, which is rich in Wuyi tea, as an example. Almost all tea farmers and tea merchants are from Jiangxi. Every year in early spring and February, hundreds of thousands of Jiangxi people come here, "baskets are full of mountains, carrying roads", or doing tea business or working for tea merchants. Susan Wang, a businessman from Jinxi, mainly does business in Fujian. Fu, a businessman who is good at making ink, also transports ink products to Fujian for sale. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the descendants of Jianchang Zhu and wealthy businessmen fled to Fujian to avoid looting by Qing soldiers. A large number of pharmaceutical colleagues embarked on the road of "tying the red head rope to go out and winding the silk thread to return" (referring to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, young people tied their hair with red head rope, old people tied the silk thread in their crotch, Yu Shaoxiao left home as an apprentice and the boss returned home), and "Fujian medicine rice" was passed down from generation to generation, and there were countless naturalized people in Fujian.

Businessmen in major cities in Guangdong, Foshan in Guangzhou and Jiangxi are also "numerous". About half of the cotton needed by the cotton spinning industry in Chaozhou, Huizhou and other places in Guangdong is shipped by Jiangxi businessmen from Raozhou and Nanchang. Ji 'an cloth merchants set up "yue zhuang" in Guangzhou and Foshan. There is a businessman named Dai Heng in Linchuan. Some relatives lent him 6,200 pieces of silver to do business in Guangdong, but he didn't pay it back for several years. Dai Heng personally went to Guangdong to collect debts, bought all the recovered money and hired a boat to bring it back. When the ship arrived at Zhangjiangkou, Ganzhou, the tax official thought it was a cargo ship and boarded the ship to collect taxes. The result is all calligraphy and painting. In fact, Dai Heng is a wily bookseller. He can use the recovered money to buy books to avoid customs duties. Lianzhou, Gaozhou and other places have a large number of records about Jiangxi businessmen's mother money. Pawnshops in Jiangxi are also very active in Guangdong. They "collect money and debts, collect profits, collect debts, buy cheap and sell expensive." Moreover, the technique is ingenious, and it is often thrown by local farmers in the rice flowering season, so that farmers can use the new valley as a pledge. By the time the rice was collected, the merchants had arrived and all had been transported away. There are still many businessmen in Jiangxi who make a fortune by selling salt in Guangdong and Jiangxi: Guangdong has always been a famous salt-producing area. Before the Tang Dynasty, due to the resistance of Dayuling, Jiangxi Province could only eat Huai salt. The production area of Huai salt is far from Jiangxi, especially Gannan, and it is upstream, so the transportation volume is limited and the price is extremely high. Coupled with the sun and rain during the long-distance transportation, the salt diced was cheated and mixed with sand, which made Jiangxi salt expensive and poor, and the people suffered and ate lightly. After Dayuling Road was widened, Jiangyou merchants from Dayu, Ganxian and Nankang crossed Meiling to sell salt in Guangdong, and the pattern of exclusive consumption of Huai salt in Jiangxi before the Tang Dynasty was broken.

Further away, in Guilin, Liuzhou, Zhou Xun, Taiping, Zhen 'an and other places in Guangxi, salt merchants, tea merchants, timber merchants and medicinal materials merchants from Jiangxi are also active. Wuzhou, in particular, is located in the main area where the left and right rivers meet, with many department stores and sails. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, its prosperity was almost on a par with Hankou and Xiangtan, and many businesses were set up here by Jiangxi businessmen. In the second year of Longxing (1 164), Qin, a magistrate in Hezhou, Guangxi, said: "Residents in Jiangxi, Kyrgyzstan, Quandao, Hezhou and Jingjiang often travel to and from other places to sell goods, many of which are artificial weapons and cross-border goods." What the magistrate of a county knows is not only that businessmen from Jiangxi and Kyrgyzstan are doing business in Guangxi, but also that their business has reached national boundaries. In February of the seventh year of Jiading (12 14), Chen Kongshuo, the judge of Guangxi transshipment, said: "Guangzhou County has been collecting cattle trafficking tax for a long time. Recently, I stopped at the invitation of Cao Chen. People in Jiangxi and Kyrgyzstan, every time they meet farmers, meet in the south to sell cattle. This is called' winter'. At the beginning, they will buy some bumpkins. " The long-standing trade of selling cloth and buying cattle not only meets the needs of the people of Guangdong and Guangxi, but also benefits the development of textile industry and planting industry in Ganzhou and Ji 'an.

Yangtze River Delta

Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces in the northeast. Merchants in Jiangxi frequently travel between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, crossing the Ganjiang River, crossing the east of Jiujiang, or arriving in Zhejiang via Yushan, mainly engaged in selling, that is, transporting rice, soybeans, porcelain, summer cloth, paper, wood, tobacco leaves, tung oil, tea oil and indigo produced in Jiangxi to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, and selling salt, silk and cotton fabrics rich in the three provinces to Jiangxi. At that time, Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, mainly relied on the grain supply of Jiangxi and Huguang. Merchants in Jiangxi "come every year", selling rice to Nanjing people and buying back cloth from Nanjing people. Except Nanjing, many towns in the south of the Yangtze River are short of food, and Jiangxi businessmen are active in Jinhua, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Quzhou, Huzhou, Yanzhou and Taizhou. Jiangxi businessmen engaged in salt business are generally wealthy businessmen, and their salt is transported from Guixi, Guangxin Prefecture to counties in Raozhou Prefecture.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province is the distribution center of Jianghuai Department Store, and merchants are jostling with each other. According to Wanli's record of Yangzhou, there were the most Huizhou merchants in Yangzhou, followed by Shaanxi merchants, Shanxi merchants and Jiangyou merchants. Just as Taiping Guangji said, Jiangxi is rich in wood, while Yangzhou is full of beaches and there is a shortage of wood. If you transport the excellent materials from Jiangxi to Yangzhou, you can get several times the income. In fact, in addition to timber, Jiangxi's goods transported to Yangzhou along the Yangtze River include tea from the floating beam, bamboo weaving at the mouth of the river, tangerines from Nanfeng, white lotus from Guangchang, salted duck from Nan 'an, whitebait from Duchang, Anfu's ham, wood carvings from yujiang county County, camphor boxes from Ji 'an, porcelain from Jingdezhen, black-bone chicken from Taihe Wushan and so on. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the trade between the two places became more frequent, and salt merchants played a leading role in logistics. In the Republic of China, people wrote a Jiangxi businessman who worked as a salt merchant in Huaihe River and Huaishang River in Tears from Chrysanthemum: "His surname is Yu, a famous cousin in Jiangxi, and he is known as a friend who travels with salt." Among the eight salt merchants in Yangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi merchants accounted for three, namely Zhou Fujiu, Xiao Yunpu and Liao Keting.

Xuyi and Sizhou in the north of the Yangtze River, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Quzhou in the south of the Yangtze River. There are also many Jiangxi businessmen who set up shops or sell people here. Feng Menglong said in Awakening the World that a wise man in Jiangxi opened a wooden shop in Suzhou, and Zhang's New Book of Du Lie also said at the beginning that "people who celebrate Chen in Jiangxi often go to Sanshan Street in front of Nanjing Chengen Temple to sell horses". Although it is a novelist's statement, it reflects that many people in Jiangxi are engaged in industry and commerce in Suzhou and Nanjing. Bai Juyi's poem "The Wife of a Salt Merchant" also tells that a little girl from Yangzhou married a big salt merchant in Jiangxi. From then on, she was "not made by farmers and silkworms", "green and broad, and her wrists were fat and silver narrow." Call Qian Cangtou and then scold the maid, and live a luxurious life. The second volume of "Song Chuang Yu Meng" said that Luyang, Anhui Province "has a lot of drugs, and merchants from Jiangyou and Jiangnan gather. "Tang Dezong Jiuhuashan Huacheng Temple maintenance, Jiangxi businessmen donated a lot of money. The mountainous area rich in medicinal materials has become an important purchase point for drug dealers in Qingjiang, Jiangxi. Ramie, indigo and bamboo paper are abundant in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, and Jiangxi businessmen often go deep into the mountainous areas to purchase.

In Beijing.

In Yuan Dynasty, Jiangxi merchants traveled all over the country, including Youyan Guanshan, Bamin Guangdong, Jingchu and Sichuan. Famous Jiangxi, Nanchang, Zhu Wanchu, Qingjiang and Pan Yungu all sold ink to Beijing. Ni Wenbao of Guixi and Tong Mou of Poyang also make writing brushes, and their pens are also exported to Beijing.

Zhang Han's Dream of a Pine Window in the Ming Dynasty said: "Today, the goods in the capital are gathered, and half of them are produced in the southeast. Therefore, people with various skills are mostly from the southeast, with Jiangyou as their partner, followed by Zhejiang (Jiang) and South (South), followed by Fujian and Guangdong." There are many merchants in Jingjiang, including porcelain merchants, tea merchants, paper merchants, cloth merchants, booksellers and medicinal materials merchants. Among Jiangxi booksellers, Fuzhou people are the majority. The designers and builders of the ancient buildings in China, such as the Forbidden City, Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace, are the Lei family in Jiangxi.

According to statistics, there were about 4 1 cooperatives in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, among which Jiangxi had 14 cooperatives, accounting for 34%, ranking first in all provinces. The guild hall of Jiangxi in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty appeared in Yongle at the latest. Qianlong's "Fuliang County Records" said: "There are two Shi Jing Guilds (in this county). (1) East River outside Zhengyangmen in Beijing, south to north; First, the right side was built by Jin Zongxun, a local official of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, and called it the' Floating Beam Hall'. " Others include Cheng Nan Hall and Guangfeng Hall, which were built in the middle of Jiajing. A considerable number of these halls are jointly built by businessmen or scholars and businessmen. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were 387 guild halls in Beijing and 5 1 in Jiangxi, accounting for 12%. Although the proportion was less than that of the Ming Dynasty, it was still the highest in all provinces.