Hemudu is located in Yuyao. The total area of ??the Hemudu site is about 40,000 square meters. The cultural accumulation is about 4 meters thick, with four overlapping cultural layers. The age is about 5000-3000 BC. Among them, the first cultural layer is about 5,000 years ago, the second cultural layer is about 5,600 years ago, the third cultural layer is about 6,000 years ago, and the fourth cultural layer is about 7,000 years ago.
Hemudu Cultural Achievements
The Hemudu site is an extremely important Neolithic site on the southeastern coast of China. Its cultural characteristics have strong regional characteristics of the Jiangnan water town. It played an important role in the formation of the ancient culture of the Chinese nation. He has made important contributions, mainly including:
Cultivating rice and engaging in rice-based agricultural economic activities. In the fourth cultural layer, there is a rice accumulation layer distributed over a large area, with the thickest point being nearly 1 meter. Accompanied by the unearthed was the representative agricultural tool - bone wormwood, of which more than 170 pieces were unearthed. The discovery of rice and bone is of great significance for exploring the origin of cultivated rice in China and its position in the history of rice agriculture.
Invented the technique of making mortise and tenon wood and lived in wooden houses. During the excavation of the site, a large number of wooden piles and wooden components can be seen everywhere, which according to research are the remains of "stem-type" buildings. This "stem-style" building, which can prevent both moisture and wild beasts, is the ancestor of traditional wooden buildings in southern China. In particular, the use of mortise and tenon technology pushed the history of Chinese mortise and tenon technology forward by more than 2,000 years, and is called a miracle 7,000 years ago by archaeologists.
Believe in and respect the phoenix bird. Among the large number of exquisite works of art unearthed at the Hemudu site, many are decorated with patterns that combine birds and the sun, and several individual bird sculptures have also been unearthed. Among them, the first-class cultural relic "Two Birds Rising to the Sun" ivory carving is a masterpiece among primitive works of art. It vividly reflects the ancestors' worship of the bird that knows the time and the sun that shines on all things after the invention of primitive agriculture. Made of bone, horn, animal teeth and jade, it is another manifestation of the spirit and cultural life of Hemudu ancestors. The emergence of jade jue and jade Huang proves that Hemudu culture is also one of the sources of the Chinese nation's tradition of advocating jade. Take control of the boat and carry out water sports. Eight wooden oars were unearthed at the site, which are the earliest known water vehicles in the world. The large number of animal and plant remains unearthed at the site are mostly aquatic, especially the skeletons of sharks, whales, and sea bream, which prove that the ancestors of Hemudu have expanded their activities to rivers and offshore areas with their boats. , which is of great significance in economic activities and interactions with the outside world.
The cultural relics unearthed from the Hemudu site also show that the ancestors of Hemudu had begun spinning and weaving, mastering painting, and digging wells. All of this greatly broadened people's horizons and strongly supported the origin of Chinese national culture. Diversified insights have proved that the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins are the cradle of ancient Chinese culture. Therefore, the Hemudu site is known as one of the most important archaeological discoveries in China in the 20th century.
The ruins are on-site display. The west is located 100 meters southeast of the museum and covers an area of ??2,300 square meters. Through the restoration of archaeological excavation scenes and the reconstruction of "gantan style" buildings, the production and life scenes of ancestors are reproduced as cultural and sports content. The 2,800-square-meter archaeological excavation site is filled with dense wooden building components and cultural relics scattered among them, which reminds people of the earth-shattering scene at that time. Various life and production scenes are arranged inside and outside the restored stilt-style building. Women spin and weave cloth, and men cut wood and build houses.
The discovery and protection workshop of the Hemudu ruins. Some are grinding bone tools, some are pounding grain and shelling, some are mixing clay to make pottery, and some are concentrating on carving. It makes people feel like they have returned to ancient times and personally experienced the process of the ancestors creating splendid culture.
The discovery of the Hemudu ruins was an accident. In the summer of 1973, Luojiang Commune of Yuyao County (now Hemudu Town, Yuyao City) decided to build a water conservancy project in Dutou Village on the edge of the Yao River to improve resistance to flood disasters. ability. During the construction excavation process, people discovered a large number of pottery fragments and animal bones. This phenomenon attracted the attention of the superior cultural department.
After two archaeological excavations in the winter of 1973 and 1977, the Hemudu site was revealed to the world with its unique cultural features, attracting great attention at home and abroad.
The two archaeological excavations revealed a total area of ??2,800 square meters, unearthed more than 6,700 cultural relics, and discovered a large amount of artificially cultivated rice, large wooden building remains, and rich animal and plant remains, providing a basis for the study of agriculture, Animal husbandry, architecture, textiles, art and the origin of Chinese civilization provide extremely precious physical information, which is named Hemudu Culture by academic circles. In 1982, the State Council announced the Hemudu site as the second batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Four Sages: Yan Ziling, Mingguang, courtesy name Ziling, was born in Yaobei in the second year of Jianzhao of the Western Han Dynasty (37 BC) and died in the seventeenth year of Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (42 AD). Traditional Chinese Cultural celebrities. When Yan Ziling was young, he went to study abroad and became a classmate and good friend of Liu Xiu, a native of Nanyang. Later, Liu Xiu revitalized the Han Dynasty, established the Eastern Han Dynasty, and became Emperor Guangwu. Yan Ziling was afraid of being recruited as an official, so he changed his name and lived in seclusion. Liu Xiu sent people to investigate and finally brought him from the fishing place to the capital. Yan Ziling refused to interact with dignitaries in the capital. Even when Emperor Guangwu visited him, he did not behave like a monarch or a minister. Emperor Guangwu asked him for advice on how to govern the country, and found that Yan Ziling's knowledge was indeed extraordinary. He immediately appointed Ziling as an admonishment doctor, but he did not thank him for his kindness. A few days later, he quietly left Beijing and resumed his life of farming and fishing. Yan Ziling's ideological and moral character, which does not seek wealth or fame, has always been praised by later generations. Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once praised Yan Ziling's noble character and integrity with the poem "The clouds are green and the mountains are green, the rivers are turbulent, the gentleman's style is high, and the mountains are high and the rivers are long."