Fushan Cherry is a geographical indication certification trademark. Fushan cherry is an agricultural product with geographical indication.
Fushan cherry cultivation began in the 1870s and has a history of 130 years. Among the deciduous fruit trees in the north, Fushan cherry has the earliest ripening fruit. It is known as the "first spring fruit" and "treasure among fruits" in the north.
Fushan Cherry currently has an area of ??100,000 acres, accounting for 20% of the country’s planting area; its output is 22 million kilograms, accounting for 15% of the country’s total. The main varieties are: Hongdeng, Pioneer, Reni, Labins, Meizao, Samit, Stara, etc. Greenhouse cherries will be on the market in early April at the earliest, and open-field cherries will be on the market in mid-May. The products are sold to Southeast Asia. , Hong Kong, Macao and major and medium-sized cities in China. In 1995, the large cherries selected by Fushan District won 3 golds, 4 silvers and 1 bronze at the Second China Agricultural Expo; in 1996, the China Agricultural Specialties Nomenclature Committee awarded Fushan District the title of "Hometown of China's Large Cherries"; in 1997 and 1999, Fushan Big cherries have been awarded the title of "China Famous Brand Product" continuously; in 2003, they were awarded the title of "Hometown of China's Big Cherries" by the China Quality Agricultural Products Development Service Association; in 2000, Fushan "Fuyang" Big Cherries were designated as "Green Food" by the National Green Food Committee , and issued a green certificate. The reputation of Fushan cherry in the international and domestic markets is getting higher and higher, and the market is very broad.
Regional Scope
The geographical protection scope of Fushan Cherry is Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province. The geographical coordinates are: 37°14′-37°39′ north latitude, 121°02′-121°22′ east longitude, the maximum longitudinal distance from southeast to northwest is 45km, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 20km. The total area of ??the district is 482.83 square kilometers, and the production area is 6,667 hectares, mainly involving six towns (subdistrict offices) in Huili, Menlou, Zhanggezhuang, Gaotuan, Qingyang, and Fuxin in Fushan District, Yantai City, *** There are 231 administrative villages in total. The annual output is 30,076 tons and the annual sales are 328 million yuan.
Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors
(1) Soil and landform conditions: Fushan District, Yantai City is a low hilly area with undulating hills and crisscrossing ravines. The landform is roughly like six mountains. One water and three parts field. The terrain is high in the west and south, low in the east and north, and slopes from southwest to northeast. The shallow mountain area is 165.61 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3%; the hilly area is 205.2 square kilometers, accounting for 42.5%; the plain area is 112.02 square kilometers, accounting for 23.2%. From south to north, there are hills and plains. Fushan cherry is mainly produced in the low mountain and hilly areas in the south and west. The soil in this range is fertile, the water conservancy conditions are good, and the ecological environment is beautiful. The soil in the main cherry-producing area is mainly brown loam, with an organic matter content of more than 1.2%, nitrogen content of 0.12%, phosphorus content of 0.3%, available phosphorus greater than 80mg/kg, available potassium greater than 120mg/kg, deep soil layer, and loose soil. , strong ability to retain water and fertilizer, suitable for the growth of fruit trees.
(2) Hydrological conditions: The water conservancy conditions in the area are superior, the underground water source is sufficient, and the farmland drainage and irrigation facilities have clear water quality and no pollution, fully achieving the ability to irrigate during drought and drain during floods.
(3) Climate conditions: It is a warm, semi-humid and drought-prone area. Its characteristics: four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, moderate temperature, moist air, not too cold in winter, not too hot in summer, suitable for all types of temperate zones. Plants grow. The average frost-free period is 221 days. The climate is mild and has four distinct seasons. Winter is cold with little rain and snow, spring is dry and windy, summer is hot and rainy, and autumn is high and cool with large temperature differences, which is beneficial to the growth and development of large cherries.
Lighting: This area is rich in light resources, with long sunshine hours and sufficient light, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of fruit trees.
The annual average sunshine hours is 2672.2 hours, accounting for 10% of the annual sunshine hours. 60% of the time.
Temperature: The annual average temperature is 11.5℃, the maximum temperature in July is 25.2℃, and the minimum temperature in January is -3.4℃. The average frost-free period is 221 days, and the natural farming period is about 290 days. The nights are cool and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in fruit trees.
Water: There is less precipitation. Because it is mostly concentrated in summer, the average annual variation is large and the precipitation is unstable. The average annual precipitation is 709.9 mm.
(4) Humanistic and historical situation: Fushan cherry has a cultivation history of more than 130 years. In 1871, American missionaries brought the first batch of large cherries for cultivation in Fushan. Later, they continued to introduce varieties to expand the cultivation area, and it has now reached a certain scale.
Fushan cherry has high quality and high yield, matures early and has high nutritional value. It is known as the "first spring fruit".
In the 1980s and 1990s, the focus of fruit production in Fushan District shifted from apples to large cherries. The area of ??large cherries increased year by year, and management technology continued to improve. Especially in recent years, as the city's agricultural standardization promotion efforts have increased year by year, the standardized production, standardized management, industrial operation, and brand operation of Fushan cherry have gradually become large-scale. There have been "Fuyang", "Jincheng" More than 10 brands including "Xiandu" and "Zhanggezhuang" have passed trademark registration, 2 have obtained green food certification, and 4 are seeking green food and pollution-free certification. In October 1995, at the Second China Agricultural Expo, Fushan Cherry won eight medals, including three gold medals, four silver medals, and one bronze medal. At the Agricultural Expositions in 1999 and 2002, Reni and Yanyang won the title of famous brand product respectively. In 1996, Fushan District was awarded the honorary title of "China's Cherry Hometown" by the China Specialty Products Hometown Naming Organizing Committee. In 2003, it was awarded the honorary title of "China's Big Cherry Hometown" by the China Quality Agricultural Products Development Service Association. In 2007, it was awarded the honorary title of "China's Big Cherry Hometown". The Fruit Circulation Association awarded the "Key County (District) of China's High-Quality Cherry Base. So far, Fushan Cherry has gained a high reputation in the country. In order to ensure the quality of Fushan Cherry, the standardized production of Fushan Cherry has been raised to a new level. , our district has successively established five municipal-level large cherry standardized demonstration bases in Fuxin Longshang, Menlou Liangjia, Huilidonghuangshan, Gaotuan Dingjiakuang, and Zhanggezhuangxia
Guangle. The base has successively demonstrated and promoted the application of new technologies and methods such as increasing the application of organic fertilizers, frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, anti-insect nets, and color plate trapping, fully realizing the application of organic fertilizers and the implementation of biological control. Mainly, the standardized production model of Fushan cherry using green food production materials has further improved the standardized production of Fushan cherry.
Production technical requirements
(1) Selection and specialization of origin. Content stipulations: Fushan cherry should be produced in agricultural production areas with good ecological conditions, far away from pollution sources, and sustainable production capabilities.
(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: Fushan cherry should be selected in large areas. Fruit-type varieties, high-quality and high-yielding varieties promoted in the past year or two include Hongdeng, Pioneer, Reni, Labins, Meizao, Samit, etc.
(3) Production process management, including agriculture. Special regulations on the use of inputs: The production process of Fushan cherry includes planting, fertilizer and water management, pruning, flower and fruit management, pest control, etc. Planting: The planting time of large cherry is generally at the end of March and early April, and is applied in the planting ditch. Organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the spacing between planting plants is generally 3×4 meters, and the ratio of main planting varieties to pollinating trees is not less than 4:1. Fertilizer and water management: The base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, mixed with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, usually during the fruiting period. Apply 2000-3000kg of organic fertilizer per 666.7m2 in the orchard. The application method is mainly trench application or broadcast application. The fertilization site is within the projection range of the tree crown. The trench application is to dig a radial trench with a depth of 20-30cm; the application method is to spread the fertilizer evenly. Under the canopy, and plow the soil to a depth of 20cm. Topdress the soil three times a year. The first time is before and after germination, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. The second time is during the flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion stage, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is used; The third time is during the late growth period of the fruit, mainly using potassium fertilizer, 4-5 times throughout the year, usually 2 times in the early growth period, mainly nitrogen fertilizer; 2-3 times in the later period, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can be supplemented. Trace elements are required for the growth and development of fruit trees. There are four main watering methods for large cherries, namely pre-flowering water, post-harvest water and frozen water. In addition, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention should be paid attention to during the rainy season: pruning is mainly done in winter. The main purpose is to prune off diseased and insect-infected branches. During the growing season, pay attention to opening the branches and topping them to control length, and promptly thin out the upright branches, dense branches and sprouting branches at the cut edges to increase the ventilation of flowers and fruits in the crown. Management: Focus on thinning flowers and fruits, artificial assisted pollination, preventing late frost damage and scientific watering. Pest and disease control: Based on agricultural and physical control, with biological control as the core, we use chemical control technology scientifically according to the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases to effectively control the damage caused by pests and diseases.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: Fushan cherry fruit is large, bright in appearance, and the weight of a single fruit is generally 8
Grams and above, the colors are divided into red, yellow, purple, etc., crystal clear and attractive color.
(2) Intrinsic quality indicators: According to laboratory analysis: per 100 grams of large cherry products, the iron content is as high as
59 mg, ranking first among fruits; the vitamin A content is higher than that of grapes and There are 4-5 times more apples and oranges. In addition, cherries also contain vitamins B, C, calcium, phosphorus and other mineral elements. Each 100 grams contains 83 grams of water, 1.4 grams of protein, 0.3 grams of fat, 14.4 grams of carbohydrates, 66 kcal of calories, 0.4 grams of crude fiber, 0.5 grams of ash, 18 mg of calcium, 18 mg of phosphorus, 5.9 mg of iron, and 0.15 carotene. mg, thiamine 0.04 mg, riboflavin 0.08 mg, nicotinic acid 0.4 mg, ascorbic acid 3 mg, potassium 258 mg, sodium 0.7 mg, magnesium 10.6 mg, and rich in vitamin A. Therefore, Fukuyama cherry is rich in nutrients and is well deserved.
(3) Safety requirements: Large cherries entering the market must meet the health indicators of the Ministry of Agriculture’s “Pollution-free Food Large Cherry”
(see the table below for details). Products falling under the circumstances specified in Article 33 of the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law shall not be put on the market for sale.
Hygienic indicators of pollution-free large cherries
Serial number harmful substance name indicator/(mg/kg)
1 Dimethoate ≤ 1.0
2 Phim ≤ 0.05
3 Pirimicarb ≤ 1.0
4 Cyfenvalerate ≤ 0.2
5 Deltamethrin ≤ 0.2
6 Baijuqing ≤ 1.0
7 Carbendazim ≤ 0.5
8 Arsenic (calculated as As) ≤ 0.5
9 Fluorine ( Calculated as F) ≤ 0.5
10 Nitrite and nitrate ≤ 4.0
Note 1: Export products are tested according to the requirements of the importing country.
Note 2: According to the "Pesticide Management Regulations of the People's Republic of China", highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides are not allowed to be used in cherry production and must not be detected.
Note 3: Large cherry producers should self-report the types of pesticides used to the relevant testing departments when their large cherries are tested. Products that refuse to report, conceal reports, or make false reports will be considered substandard products.
Packaging labeling and other relevant regulations
The same variety is graded according to fruit size. Unsatisfactory mechanical damage such as tree grinding and branch grinding, and insect damage will be dealt with separately. Packaging materials must comply with national mandatory technical specifications. They must be carefully selected before packaging and then put into packaging boxes.