The nutrients marked in the picture are: sugars, proteins, oils, vitamins, inorganic salts, and water is not marked.

So fill in: water.

Calcium, iron, and selenium in the picture refer to elements.

So fill in: element.

Tahini contains fat, and dishwashing liquid emulsifies fat, so tableware stained with sesame paste is easier to clean with water added with dishwashing liquid.

So fill in: emulsification.