1, METASYS system overview
METASYS intelligent management system is specially designed for monitoring and centralized management of all equipment in various buildings. The openness, flexibility, reliability and high quality of the system reflect the latest trend of building management and control.
METASYS is a centralized management and decentralized control system, so it is more efficient and reliable, and improves the fault tolerance of the system. METASYS is a modular system and easy to expand, so the future demand will not lose today's investment. METASYS has a strong networking capability, and can be networked with any product or system willing to open its communication protocol, so that users can easily understand all the equipment or subsystems at any place and any operating station, which greatly improves the management level and work efficiency.
METASYS completely conforms to industrial standards, and its design is based on the present, facing the future and adapting to the continuous development of software and hardware. It is a wise and long-term choice for users to invest in METASYS of Johnson & Johnson Company.
The hardware structure and software functions are described in detail below.
(1) hardware structure
① Overview:
The hardware system of METASYS is an intelligent control network composed of operating station (OWS), network controller (NCU) and various direct digital controllers (DDC).
② Network communication
As a more and more widely used network form, Ethernet /IP has been adopted by more than 80% local area networks. It has the characteristics of excellent cost performance and convenient installation. The communication protocol of Ethernet (TCP/IP) provides a reference mode for the communication between the physical layer and the data connection layer of an open system. Its communication rate is 10Mbps, that is, it can transmit information contained in about 250 pages of text per second. Using Ethernet has the following advantages:
High efficiency and stability of data transmission
Flexible wiring and equipment connection: it can connect high-speed Ethernet, FDDI, token ring network, ATM, etc.
low cost
Compatible devices and complementary forms: Due to the widespread use of Ethernet, devices or systems from other manufacturers can easily connect with each other through it.
Easy to install and expand
Reduce maintenance costs
Ethernet network expansion structure can be star, bus or hybrid. The star structure consists of unshielded twisted pair or optical fiber, which connects each node to a hub located in the center of the network. The hub can be placed on any convenient wire rack in the building. Its advantage is that it is easy to isolate and repair faulty nodes, but its disadvantage is that it needs more installation lines than the bus. Among the three structures, the star structure is suitable for the system where NCM and OWS are far away, the bus structure is suitable for the system where NCM and OWS are close, and the hybrid structure is suitable for the system where NCM and OWS are far away and close.
The most commonly used connection mode between operation station and network control unit is N 1 communication network, and its communication mode is Ethernet/IP. The data exchange between nodes on N 1 network adopts peer-to-peer mode, and each node has the function of dynamic data access, that is, all data can be detected or controlled at any operating station or any NCU on N 1 network.
In some cases, users may need to use dial-up communication to monitor the remote control system, and then they can establish a remote operation station through a modem.
N2 communication bus is a field access network, which connects the controller and interface module to the network controller. N2 bus adopts master/slave communication protocol, with NCU as the master and N2 bus equipment (DDC) as the slave. Does the N2 bus use Opto-22 optimumx? Communication protocol, its superiority has been proved. N2 bus follows EIA and RS-485 electrical standards. )
③ Network capability
For designers and managers of building systems, the real challenge is: how to use the capabilities of all subsystems? How to manage them effectively to provide a high-quality office environment? METASYS system solves the above problems. All kinds of unrelated systems, even systems of different companies, are properly linked together through METASYS to become the integration of systems. Each system is relatively independent, self-contained, and cooperates with each other when necessary to realize interlocking control. All data can be collected from any place and any operation station. Operators can learn about the operation of any system in every corner of the building from an operating station, and can respond immediately when there is a fault, even before the customer feels that something is wrong, the problem has been solved.
As one of the founders of Ashear Society in the United States, Johnson Company has been able to connect its Metasys system with the subsystems of more than 75 companies, including Carrier, York, Trane, ABB, Libert, etc. ) and has completed more than 2,000 networking projects. We are ready to connect METASY with any company product that is willing to open its communication protocol for users.
④ Operating station
The operating station is a standard personal computer of IBM or other brands. The operating station provides an advanced windows man-machine interface, and users can choose Chinese or English operation.
It takes Microsoft's Windows as the running environment and allows other software supported by Windows to run at the same time. And can dynamically exchange data with them. For example, you can use the familiar Microsoft Exce to process data and make a series of statistical tables.
It can program and generate a database, and download the program directly to each controller. It can back up database, storage point history, trend analysis, operator entry/exit records and alarm records.
METASYS interface operations are all windowed, and there is no need to memorize operation instructions. Its network diagram is like a contact diagram, showing all monitoring devices and their relationships. As long as the operator calls up the METASYS application, it will be clear at a glance: which system serves which floor; Which devices serve which areas, etc. METASYS uses an object-oriented software system distributed throughout the network. You can walk all over the building by mouse operation. It graphically displays the floor plan and equipment sketch of the building, and displays and reports the information of monitoring points through bright colors and dynamic data.
Any operating station in the network can access all the information of the whole network, and all operating stations can use it at the same time.
⑤ Recording/alarm printer
Printers are used to record system operations. The recording content of each printer can be set according to the user's requirements, and the recording format can be defined in the debugging stage.
⑥ Network controller (NCU)
Network Controller (NCU) is a high-performance field disk, which is composed of a series of compatible electronic intelligent modules. It can realize any complicated control program with high performance control, and can also coordinate the independent DDC controllers in the communication network to provide them with alarm monitoring and comprehensive control functions. NCU can be separated from any host computer (such as personal computer) and undertake control and communication functions independently.
Network Control Module (NCM) is the main component of NCU. Equipped with high-speed 80386 microprocessor, the memory (RAM) can be expanded from 8MB to 100 MB. It has self-diagnosis function and 72-hour backup battery.
The NCU is equipped with a variety of simple and universal system interfaces for operators to use. The first interface is a standard RS-232 connector, which can be connected to a notebook computer or an output printer. The second interface is a portable network terminal interface, which can access all the information in the network like an operating station. The third interface can be used for a modem for remote monitoring or printing.
NCU can support multi-user environment, that is, any number of operators can access the information in NCU at the same time.
METASYS's level 5 password not only protects the operator station, but also uses consistent password information for the operator interface on NCU.
⑦ Direct digital controller (DX-9100-8154/XT-XP module)
Direct digital controller (DDC) is the most front-end equipment of METASYS system, which is distributed in the equipment places of buildings, such as air conditioning room, water pump room, refrigeration station, etc. DDC is connected to the N2 bus of METASYS, and NCU and operation station can realize the override control of the upper computer.
Direct digital controller (DDC) is the most front-end equipment of METASYS system, which is distributed in the equipment places of buildings, such as air conditioning room and water pump room. DDC is connected to the N2 bus of METASYS, and NCU and operation station can realize the override control of the upper computer.
At present, the most commonly used DX-9 100 controller is a modular and extensible controller with the ability of field display and operation. Its basic configuration is 8AI, 8DI, 2AO, 6DO, and * * * is 24 points. According to the needs of the site, expansion modules of various types of points can be added, and up to 64 points can be expanded.
The software function of DX-9 100 is very complete, which can meet all kinds of field control requirements. Its operating system includes real-time function, 12 programmable module and PLC logic operation module. Because it is composed of functional modules, its graphical programming tools make programming extremely simple. As long as the user simply calls the block and fills in the parameters, the control program will be automatically generated. All programming can be done in METASYS operating station and downloaded directly to DX-9 100. It not only completes various operations and PID loop control functions, but also has multi-level control and statistical functions. Its PLC logic operation module has the function of general PLC controller; The real-time function can set up at most 8 time control programs at the same time, and each time control program can set different start/end times for Monday to Sunday and some public holidays. Such a powerful software function determines that DDC has the function of running independently. When the central operation station fails, the network controller fails or the communication line is disconnected, its operation will not be affected.
8 field equipment
Field equipment includes transmitter, transmitter, air valve actuator, etc. , all of which are directly connected to DDC.
Pet-name ruby program memory
The memories of NCU and DX are EEPROM, EPROM and RAM.
The system structure and control program are stored in EEPROM and EPROM, and the program can still be maintained when power is cut off. The real-time clock and functions are stored in RAM with spare battery (72 hours for NCU and 1 year for DX). The principle of memory allocation is to minimize the interference to the controller operation when some parameters are occasionally changed online. In METASYS, many user changes and even statistical data analysis can be done online.
This arrangement enables the controller to provide enough memory (to meet the needs of various control functions of the equipment management system) without spending too much. If the controller loses power for more than 72 hours, the data stored in NCU RAM will be lost. At this time, METASYS will automatically download the data of the operating station to NCU through the high-speed N 1 bus.
Attending the operating environment requirements and power consumption of the system.
DX-9 100 controller (DDC):
Working environment requirements: 0~50℃(32~ 120℉), relative humidity 10~90%, and no condensation.
Electricity consumption: 24v AC, 50/60Hz, 10VA.
XT and XP modules:
Working environment requirements: 0~50℃(32~ 120℉), relative humidity 10~90%, and no condensation.
Power consumption: 24V AC, 50/60Hz, 5.5VA.
(2) Software function description
Various softwares with different functions constitute a complete METASYS operating system.
The main software functions are as follows:
Summary (list of various reports)
Password protection (level 5)
User programming (graphic programming language)
State change report
Alarm information report
Report Grouping/Alert Management
Monitoring point history
Dynamic trend analysis
Cumulative and statistical functions
Database download/upload function
Graphical operating station working environment based on Microsoft Windows
Energy management control
Time reservation function
Equipment cycle start/stop protection
Start-stop delay of main equipment
Power recovery startup program
Power consumption limit/duty cycle
(2. 1) Summary (list of various reports)
In METASYS, users can directly obtain a list of various classified reports, which can be displayed, printed or saved on the monitor. There are 16 kinds of report lists that can be called directly, among which the most commonly used ones are as follows:
Monitoring point list
Alarm point list
List of severity alarm points
Offline point list
List of points in overlay state
Prohibited communication point list
Lock point list
Reports defined in subsequent documents
A schedule of scheduled times
Vacation time reservation schedule
List of upper and lower limits and dead zone values of each monitoring point
According to the user's designation, the above report list can be selected for all points in the network or monitoring points in a system. Or select monitoring points in each system in a group or even several groups.
(2.2) Password protection function
password
METASYS system can provide five levels, as many as 100 passwords, providing security for the network and operating stations.
According to the supervisor's designation, each operator has different levels of passwords, which can limit the content of access, specifically the monitoring points that can be accessed, and also limit the operation level.
Password access is consistent throughout the METASYS network. No matter which operation station the operator goes to or uses the handheld network terminal on site, as long as he uses his own password, he will have the same release level. When the cryptographic system is increased, decreased or changed, all operating devices in the network cooperate automatically at the same time, without changing at each operating device.
For each password, the system provides an automatic exit time, which can be set freely, ranging from 1 to 1440 minutes. If the operator forgets to exit the system before leaving, the system will automatically exit after the set time and continue to be protected by the password.
The functions of passwords at all levels are as follows:
Level 5-Only data can be monitored and checked.
Level 4-Level 5+Operator Control and Reservation
Level 3 -4+parameter change of monitoring point
Level 2 -3+Database Addition and Subtraction
1 level ── level 2+password editing
(2.3) User Graphical Programming Language
Graphic programming language
Users can realize all kinds of complicated advanced algorithms and override control through advanced graphic programming language. METASYS's graphical programming language enables users to program by drawing flow charts graphically. Its characteristics are intuitive, easy to understand and easy to modify.
METASYS provides a series of graphical programs that have been proved to be reliable and convenient for users to call directly. Users can insert them into their own programs or modify them.
(2.4) Status change report
METASYS system can provide the state change records of all the two-state points, which can be output to the printer or directly reported to the designated operating station and disk file. The record shows the name of the point that changed state. A detailed description of the time point and date of the state change.
(2.5) Alarm information report and report grouping/alarm management
Report Router/Alert Manager
METASYS has perfect alarm management. The operating station gives priority to processing and displaying the most important alarm points, and can selectively send different alarms to corresponding operating stations located anywhere in the network, even remote operating stations connected through dial-up modems.
Alarm management provides alarm printing, alarm buffering and direct report to the designated operation station and storage file, all of which meet the following conditions:
A) Display the name of the alarm point, its detailed description and the time and date when the alarm occurred.
B) The alarm should be light, slow and urgent, and the user can decide the alarm level by himself, so as to deal with the serious alarm more effectively and quickly. The system can divide alarms into three categories, including four levels.
C) As a supplement to a), users can add alarm information to each alarm point, which can reach 65 letters (30 words in Chinese). The alarm information can clearly remind the operator how to deal with the alarm. For example, what measures to take, who to look for maintenance and so on. It is not easy for managers of large-scale systems to manage thousands of points and deal with alarms in time. The function of adding alarm information to the alarm point greatly facilitates the operator.
(2.6) Monitoring point history
Point history
All monitoring points in METASYS system will automatically generate historical records and store them in the network controller. Analog points are sampled every 30 minutes. If there is a special need, the user specifies a PC file, and the records will be automatically transferred to the file to provide long-term historical data. The two-state point can record 10 on/off actions. Each point has historical characteristics, which is convenient for users to analyze the performance of equipment at any time and review the time of failure or event, thus greatly improving the management level of equipment.
(2.7) Dynamic trend analysis
trend
Dynamic trend analysis can be applied to all monitoring points in the system, and its sampling points and sampling intervals (ranging from 1 min to120min) are defined by users themselves.
When the monitoring point history cannot meet the requirements of equipment performance analysis, the dynamic trend analysis function of the software can be used.
Like the monitoring point history, dynamic trend analysis is also stored in the network controller. To save data, users can specify a PC file. When the number of samples is close to the specified value, the data will be automatically transferred to the PC file.
(2.8) Cumulative and statistical functions
Each DDC and NCU has the function of accumulation and statistics. Users can define a limit value, and when the cumulative value or statistical value exceeds this value, the system can issue an alarm. This function is mainly used in the following aspects:
A) Running time statistics-such as running time of pumps and fans.
B) analog and pulse accumulation-such as power consumption
C) Statistics on the number of events-for example, the number of times the room temperature exceeded the upper limit in a certain period of time.
Totalization
(2.9) Download/upload function of database
In METASYS system, all field control programs of DDC can be directly downloaded by operators. Users can easily modify the field control program of DDC from the operating station at any time, and download it directly to DDC without going to the scene.
Any increase or decrease of system data and modification of parameters by users through the operating station are directly stored in the network controller, and the operation of the system does not depend on the operating station. In order to prevent the field data (stored in NCU) from being lost or damaged, the data can be transmitted back from the operation station. The returned data is stored as backup data in the hard disk of the operating station.
If the NCU loses power for more than 72 hours for some special reason, the data of the network controller will be lost because it exceeds the maximum time that the rechargeable battery in the NCU keeps memory. But once the power supply is restored, the system will automatically download the backup data from the operating station to the NCU to ensure the normal operation of the system.
(2. 10) Dynamic graphic display and operating station working environment
cartography
In order to make the location of monitoring points more intuitive and convenient for system analysis, METASYS system provides dynamic graphic display of color picking, including plan and schematic diagram of electromechanical equipment locust system.
1. The operator can select from the menu or directly switch the graphics of different systems or planes.
2. Dynamically display the values or states of all monitoring points in the graph, that is, display their actual positions and current values or states, and automatically update each point.
3. The operating environment of the operating station is windowed, and multiple graphs can be displayed at the same time, which is convenient for analyzing the operation of the whole system.
4. When a certain point gives an alarm, its graphics will automatically pop up, and the alarm point will continuously flash in a pre-specified color to remind the operator of the location of the alarm point.
(2. 1 1) Energy management control
In order to save manpower and energy, METASYS provides various commonly used energy management software, which can run automatically without the intervention of operators. At the same time, they are flexible enough for users to define and modify. Its main software functions include time reservation, optimal start-stop function, enthalpy switching function, automatic reset function of temperature set point, automatic combination of refrigeration units, eighth group control function and power consumption limitation function.
(2. 12) Time reservation function
The scheduled function enables METASYS system to run automatically according to the schedule arranged by the operator in advance, which improves the efficiency of equipment management.
The predetermined function is applicable to the timed start and stop of equipment, the timed start of set point modification control program, the start and stop of trend analysis, the start and stop of accumulation/statistics, and the timed printing of various reports.
There are four kinds of reservations * * *: normal day, replacement day, holiday and special day. Users can define a calendar of one year.
(2. 13) Delay protection for start-stop of equipment circulation and start-stop of main equipment
scheduling
In order to ensure the service life of mechanical and electrical equipment and avoid equipment damage caused by misoperation, METASYS system provides equipment protection function, which limits the number of start-stop times of the equipment to 1 hour, and can set the start-stop delay for the equipment, so that users can set various control points conveniently. Modify and cancel the protection function.
(2. 14) power recovery startup program
For important equipment systems, such as refrigeration stations, the start and stop of the equipment should strictly follow a certain order to avoid damage to the equipment when the power supply is suddenly cut off and suddenly restored during the operation of the equipment. METASYS provides a power recovery startup program to ensure that devices can be started in the correct order at any time.
(2. 15) Power consumption limit/duty cycle
Demand limit/load rolling
This software function is used for power saving purposes. When the power consumption reaches the peak, the system can automatically turn on/off the specified load in turn according to the given limit to prevent the power consumption from exceeding the specified limit.
(3) System performance (reliability analysis)
① Definition of reliability
System reliability refers to the ratio of given cycle time minus non-working time (downtime due to maintenance and waiting for materials) to the cycle time. Non-working hours begin when the fault is confirmed. This concept can be described as the ratio of normal running time to given running time. In particular, uptime refers to the sum of the system running time and the time that may need to be run (that is, standing by). The whole time consists of normal operation time and downtime, as shown in the following formula:
System reliability = uptime/(uptime+non-working time)
The above equation is the definition standard of reliability. Non-working time here refers to the average time required for maintenance and repair of products. This average time is usually called the average time to repair, including the estimated time and the unpredictable time. Under normal circumstances, no matter day or night, our emergency response time does not exceed four hours.
System reliability is also expressed as mean time to repair (MTTR) and mean time between failure (MTBF). Mean time between failure is a measure of system reliability, and mean time to repair is a measure of system maintainability. Their relationship is as follows:
System Reliability = mean time between failure/(mean time between failure+Mean Time to Repair)
② Calculation of mean time between failures.
This value is equal to the cumulative running time of the system during the warranty period divided by the total number of warranty failure points. The time from equipment loading to installation and opening for about two months is not included in the cumulative running time.
Johnson Company records the number of parts repaired from the site during the warranty period. One-year failure probability (OYFP) is an index to describe the system repair rate, and the ship scheduling of the same equipment is not included in the running time.
The statistical relationship between system mean time between failure and one-year failure probability is:
System reliability = (1-oyfp) = exp [(-8760)/mtbf]
2. Description of system scheme and configuration
Our company adopts one-to-one decentralized control for the controller configuration of this system for the following reasons. Reasons ① Due to advanced control requirements, the control process is relatively complicated, and the centralized field controller cannot meet the sampling and control requirements of electromechanical equipment scattered throughout the building; Reasons ② The use of decentralized field controller will greatly reduce the number of pipelines and the amount of construction required; Reason ③ The distributed controller will greatly reduce the probability of system failure, and will not affect the safe operation of too many field devices when the controller is destroyed by unforeseen factors such as man-made destruction.
(1) HVAC automatic control system
HVAC system includes: cold and heat source system, air conditioning unit, air supply and exhaust system related equipment, etc. The control, sampling point setting, equipment configuration, control mode and function of each subsystem will be introduced in detail below.
① cold and heat source system
METASYS system optimizes and controls the equipment according to the pre-programmed program every day, and its specific functions are as follows:
Control that start and stop of the refrigerator;
Monitor the running status;
Monitor the refrigerator fault alarm;
Monitor the manual/automatic status of the equipment;
Control the start and stop of chilled water pump;
Monitor the running state of chilled water pump;
Monitor the fault alarm of chilled water pump;
Monitor the manual/automatic status of chilled water pump;
Control the start and stop of cooling water pump;
Monitor the running state of cooling water pump;
Monitor cooling water pump fault alarm;
Monitor the manual/automatic status of cooling water pump;
Control the start and stop of the heating water pump;
Monitor the running state of the heating water pump;
Monitor the heat pump fault alarm;
Monitor the manual/automatic state of the heat pump;
Monitor the high/low liquid level of the cooling tower;
Control that start and stop of the cooling tow fan;
Cooling tower high/low liquid level alarm;
Measuring the typical pressure difference between chilled water supply/return water;
Measuring the supply/return water temperature of chilled water/heated water;
Measuring the supply/return water temperature of cooling water;
Measure that backwater flow of chilled wat;
By measuring the total supply and return water temperature and return water flow rate of chilled water, the cooling load of air conditioning system is calculated.
According to the actual cooling load, the start-stop combination and the number of refrigerators are determined to achieve the best energy-saving state;
According to the start-stop situation of the unit, control the relevant water pump and disc valve switch;
Control the opening of the chilled water bypass valve to maintain the required pressure difference;
According to the number and operation mode of cooling towers;
Cumulative running time of freezer, chilled water pump and cooling water pump;
The start-stop program of each connected device includes an adjustable delay time function to match the characteristics of each device in the refrigeration system. The start-stop linkage sequence of each equipment is as follows:
I start: electric butterfly valve → chilled water pump → cooling water pump → cold motor unit;
Two. Shutdown: freezer → chilled water pump → cooling water pump → electric butterfly valve;
The above working conditions can be displayed on the color display screen in words or graphics, and can also be printed out by a printer as a record.
The network controller (NCU) and direct digital controller (DDC) installed in the freezer will control the number of freezers and the group control of related equipment according to the pre-written software program.
② Air conditioning unit
The monitoring functions of METASYS system are as follows:
Monitor the manual/automatic switching state of the fan, confirm whether the fan of the air conditioning unit is under the control of the building automatic control system now, and reduce the false alarm rate of the fault alarm;
When the unit is under the control of the building automation system, it can control the start and stop of the fan;
Monitor the pressure difference of the fan and confirm whether the mechanical part of the fan has been put into operation, which can distinguish the fault alarm of the mechanical part and the electrical part;
Measure the surface temperature of the water coil, and when the temperature is lower than the set value (adjustable), trigger an alarm and link a series of anti-freezing protection actions, such as closing the fresh air valve and opening the water valve.
Adjust the new/return air valve;
Return air temperature monitoring;
Return air humidity monitoring;
Control that start and stop of the humidifier;
By measuring the difference between the return air temperature and the set value, the set value of the supply air temperature is calculated and determined in real time to meet the space load demand of the air conditioner;
Through the automatic adjustment of the bidirectional electric regulating valve installed on the backwater side of the water coil, the control of the set point (adjustable) of the air supply temperature is realized, so that the cooling/heating of the air conditioning unit is equivalent to the required cooling/heating load, and the energy waste is reduced;
By measuring the difference between the return air humidity and the set value, the set value of the supply air humidity is calculated and determined in real time;
The direct digital controller installed in the machine room (one-to-one installation control between the controller and the field equipment) will meet the automatic control and operation sequence of the air conditioner according to the internal pre-written software program.
The above working conditions can be displayed in words or graphics on the color display screen of the computer in the central control room through network communication for the operators to use at any time, and important data can be printed out by the printer as records.
③ Air supply and exhaust system
The monitoring functions of METASYS system are as follows:
Monitor the manual/automatic switching state of the fan, confirm whether it is under the control of the building automatic control system, and reduce the false alarm rate of the fault alarm;
When it is under the control of the building automation system, it can control the start and stop of the fan;
Monitor the pressure difference of the fan and confirm whether the mechanical part of the fan has been put into operation, which can distinguish the fault alarm of the mechanical part and the electrical part;
⑵ Power transformation and distribution monitoring system
METASYS system mainly monitors the running status and parameters of equipment in the system, and the specific monitoring functions are as follows.
voltage
electric current
Power factor
Energy calculation
active power
wattless power
frequency
(3) Water supply and drainage monitoring system
METASYS system is controlled according to the pre-programmed program, and the specific monitoring functions are as follows.
Monitor the manual/automatic switching state of water pump, confirm whether the equipment is under the control of building automatic control system, and reduce the false alarm rate of fault alarm;
When the equipment is under the control of the building automation system, it can control the start and stop of the water pump;
Pump fault alarm;
Monitor liquid level alarm;
When the high liquid level is reached, an alarm will be given and related equipment will be linked;
When it is lower than the low liquid level, alarm and link related equipment;
(4) Lighting system
Equipped with photosensitive sensor to control the on-off state of lighting.
Monitor the switch state of lighting.
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