Introduction to Nujiang, Yunnan Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture is located in the longitudinal valley of the Hengduan Mountains in the southern extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Yunnan Province, my country. It is adjacent to Myanmar to the west, Tibet to the north, and Diqing in the province to the southeast. , Lijiang, Dali and Baoshan are connected; the national border is 449.67 kilometers long. The total area is 14,703 square kilometers and the total population is 458,800. The autonomous prefecture governs Lushui County, Fugong County, Lanping County and Gongshan Dulong and Nu Autonomous County. The state capital is now located in Liuku Town, Lushui County. The territory is mainly inhabited by the Lisu, Nu and Dulong ethnic groups, as well as Bai, Han, Pumi, Yi, Naxi, Tibetan, Dai and other ethnic groups. There are many birds and beasts in the territory. The main mammals include: bison, wild ass, antelope, blue sheep, musk deer, otter, marmot, golden monkey, red panda, small civet, Bengal tiger, golden leopard, tortoise leopard, bear, giant horse bear, wild boar, fox, wildebeest , serow, red deer, gibbon, giant civet, pangolin, etc. The main birds include: peacock, scarlet-breasted parrot, red-bellied pheasant, white-tailed pheasant, blood pheasant, fire-tailed pheasant, green-browed partridge, pheasant and so on. Many of these animals are rare and precious animals, so Nujiang Prefecture is also known as the "Kingdom of Small Animals". Because the Nujiang area is located at the junction of the Eurasian and Indo-China plates, strange geological tectonic movements have created a majestic landscape of mountains and rivers with deep ravines throughout the Nujiang River; mountains stand horizontally and rivers flow vertically. The three major rivers, Dulong River, Nujiang River and Lancang River, are arranged alternately from west to east, running through Dandalika Mountain, Gaoligong Mountain, Biluo Snow Mountain and Yunling Mountains from north to south, cutting out three deep, long, mysterious and unpredictable rivers. The canyon is known as the Nujiang Grand Canyon or the Oriental Grand Canyon. Nujiang Prefecture has a subtropical mountain monsoon climate and is characterized by a three-dimensional climate. The "Three Rivers" canyon area within the territory, from the bottom of the canyon to the top of Liangfeng Peak, is dotted with various types of natural landscapes and inhabited by a wide variety of wild animals. (1) Nujiang flavor delicacies: Lacquer Wax Wonderful Food Fugong, Gongshan, Lushui County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous Prefecture all produce lacquer wax, especially Fugong County has the most. Lacquer wax is called lacquer oil by local indigenous peoples. It is the oil squeezed from the seeds of the lacquer tree. This oil solidifies into blocks after cooling. The color is slightly lighter than the yellow wax, so the trade name is also called lacquer wax. Lacquer wax is edible. The production methods are also being renovated. Some melt the paint wax and mix it with lard, vegetable oil, and walnuts in a ratio of about 2:1. After cooling, it solidifies into solid oil, which is very convenient to carry. Local residents also use this oil as gifts between relatives and friends. People of the Lisu and Nu ethnic groups in the valley use the hot lacquer oil to fry rice wine and fried chicken to nourish the body of patients or pregnant women, which has a remarkable effect of replenishing qi and nourishing the body. Some people use lacquer wax mixed with honey and steamed with shellfish to treat tuberculosis and tracheitis. In addition, lacquer wax is also a raw material for making high-quality soap. The wonderful food of Qi Wa can be said to be the specialty of the local Lisu and Nu people. The delicacy they make is lacquered wax stewed chicken, which is rich in fragrance and has become famous in northwest Yunnan. Wine-braised chicken (called "Xiare'a" in Dulong dialect) is to chop the chicken into pieces with bones, stir-fry in oil, and add a lot of shochu. About two or three kilograms of white wine is added to one chicken. Generally, no salt is added, just some Wild peppercorns, braised over fire. The chicken flavor is full of wine and delicious. Stewing poached eggs in wine is similar to this method. Generally, ten eggs are added to one pound of wine. Pickled bamboo shoots Pickled bamboo shoots are a kind of green and tender bamboo shoots that grow in the mountains. They are dug out in early summer, peeled and cut into slices and dried to become dried vegetables (called "Meihao" in Dulong dialect). They are soaked in hot water before eating and are often used for stir-frying. It is delicious and refreshing when used as meat and soup. To make sour bamboo shoots, fresh bamboo shoots are minced, pounded until soft, sealed in a bamboo tube, sealed with banana leaves, placed in a place with a small spring and dripping, fermented and sour after a few days, taken out and dried to make sour bamboo shoots. Soup can relieve summer heat and quench thirst. It is a suitable soup in summer. People in the upper reaches of the Dulong River have the habit of "making tea", which may be influenced by the customs of the neighboring Tibetan people. The Dulong people do not grow tea, but buy brick tea, boil it and drink it with meals. Making tea is often used to entertain guests. The tool for making tea is a bamboo tube about 70 cm long and 10 cm in diameter. It has a wooden stopper with a bamboo handle that moves up and down about 90 cm long. Put a little salt and cooked animal and vegetable fats, such as lard, diced fat meat, chicken fat, walnut oil or ghee, etc. into the tube, as well as some fragrant sesame seeds, or add prepared eggs, and then add Pour the boiled tea in, then hold the wooden cork with the bamboo handle and stir the tea up and down repeatedly, then pour it out and drink. It is light brown in color, salty in taste, refreshing and relieving fatigue, and is a nourishing drink.

Vinegar wine Vinegar wine mainly uses corn, sorghum, barley, or millet as raw materials. The production method is to first cook the grain, cool it, mix it with distiller's yeast, put it into a clean large vat, seal it and ferment it for about ten days. When a strong aroma of wine comes out, take out some of the distiller's grains, add warm water, and then Use a wooden ladle to squeeze out the juice, and after filtering, it is edible vinegar wine. This kind of wine is only about 17 to 18 degrees, light and slightly sweet, and rich in nutrition. It is thirst-quenching and refreshing after drinking. It has the effect of refreshing and relieving fatigue, and can also increase appetite. It is an indispensable drink for the local Lisu people. In recent years, people have humorously referred to vinegar wine as "canyon beer." Meat wine and egg wine Meat wine and egg wine are high-end nourishing foods favored by the Nu people. In Nu language, meat wine and egg wine are called "Xia La" and "Gong La", which translated into Chinese mean "wine with fried meat" and "wine with fried eggs". Meat wine and eggnog are wines made with chicken or eggs as a starter. Use chicken (you can also use lean meat from pheasants or other animals) as raw material. First chop the meat into small pieces, put ghee or vegetable oil in the pot. After the oil is refined, put the meat in and fry until When it is brown and crispy, anneal it briefly and pour in the soju. The amount of wine is determined by the amount of the diners. Then cover the pot and simmer for about five minutes. Take it out of the pot and eat the meat and wine together. If there is no meat, you can use eggs, and the method is the same, then it is called "Gong La", which means "fried egg wine". This carefully prepared meat wine and egg wine are delicious, fragrant, moderately sweet and spicy, and have special effects of nourishing the body, strengthening bones and relaxing muscles. (2) Handicrafts from Nujiang River: The Zhujiao grass fruit necklace is named after the use of unknown grass fruits. This kind of grass grows in the crevices of high mountain cliffs. Legend has it that old monkeys often pick this grass fruit for young monkeys to eat. In order to protect their children, people also risk picking this grass fruit and string it into necklaces to wear on their children to ward off evil spirits and disasters. Nowadays, people often wear it for children and relatives far away from home. Rattan bracelets are made from a rare and unique red vine that grows in the mountains. It is said that the area where this red vine grows will die as long as there are people living there or there are people active for a long time, so it is extremely difficult to harvest. Women wear this kind of rattan bracelet to show their man's bravery and loyalty to them. Beast Tooth Xulian In the past, it was a symbol of wealth. The value of the necklace was determined by the number of teeth and the ferocity of the beast. The crossbow is a relatively primitive hunting tool in existence, made of relatively solid wood. Use beef tendon as a bow string, and equip it with bamboo arrows and a quiver. The penetrating ability of this crossbow is very strong and can penetrate the wooden doors of residential buildings at a distance of 5 meters. For safety reasons, when purchasing, unless otherwise required, the bow string is generally replaced with hemp rope. Bamboo arrows are made from a kind of knotted solid bamboo that grows at an altitude of about 2,700 meters. This kind of solid bamboo is extremely hard. In the past, residents used sharpened bamboo as weapons, which was said to be able to pierce bear hides. In the past, arrowheads were coated with poison made by hunters. As long as they penetrated the hide, the beast would convulse and die. In recent years, its use has been banned due to hunting bans. Quivers are usually made of animal skins, and those of hunting experts are usually made of bearskin to reflect the hunter's bravery and performance. Dulong blanket is a blanket handwoven by Dulong women. Its raw material is wild and self-grown hemp in the mountains. After twisting the hemp into thread, it is dyed into various colors with liquids from various plants. The Dulong blanket has a strong texture. Durable and rainproof, it can also be used as a bedding cover. An exquisite Dulong blanket requires more than a dozen processes, including peeling off the hemp skin, spinning threads, tying the heddles according to the pattern, and even lifting the heddles, inserting the weft, and beating up the weft, using a variety of different tools. Nowadays, wearing the exquisite Dulong blanket has become a unique traditional costume of the Dulong people. Dulong people's backpack This kind of backpack is made of a unique solid knotless bamboo grown in the Dandanglika Mountain on the China-Myanmar border at an altitude of 2,800 to 3,000 kilometers. This kind of backpack is the main loading tool for the Dulong people and is very strong and durable. Nowadays, people often use them as handicrafts to decorate their homes. (3) Nujiang plant specialties: Davidia involucrata. Davidia involucrata, also known as pigeon tree to foreigners and commonly known as wine pear tree in my country, is a deciduous tree. The leaves are broadly oval, heart-shaped at the base, and serrated on the edges. Why is it called the Pigeon Tree? Because in April and May, when its white flowers are in full bloom, the two giant milky-white bracts at the base of the flower often dance with the wind, like doves spreading their wings, making it a rare ornamental plant in the world. The Davidia involucrata tree is unique to my country and is mainly distributed in a few mountainous areas in western Hubei Province, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

Our province only has Suijiang, Yiliang, and Zhenxiong in northeastern Yunnan, and Weixi and Gongshan in northwest Yunnan. Davidia involucrata trees are found in countries all over the world. They have been cultivated since the British introduced them from my country in 1903. However, due to excessive felling in history, in our country, they are now scarce. In recent years, the botanical gardens of our province have begun cultivation research, and the involucrata tree will surely become an important tree species for beautifying our gardens. Coptidis Coptidis The high-grade Coptis chinensis grown in the Nujiang River is by no means an overseas legend. Coptis chinensis growing in the Gaoligong Mountains and Biluo Snow Mountain on both sides of the Nu River has no solid cells in the central pith of its rhizomes and is hollow. It has become a unique variety among Yunnan Coptis chinensis and is called hollow Coptis chinensis. Compared with solid Coptis chinensis from other places, Nujiang hollow coptis has thin rhizomes, light weight and a particularly bitter taste. Nujiang Coptis chinensis is mostly planted in hillside woodlands above 2,000 meters above sea level. The Nujiang River is rainy and foggy, the air is moist and fresh, and the humus soil is soft and deep, making it the best area for Coptidis chinensis to grow. It takes at least 3 years from planting to digging for Coptis chinensis. The soil needs to be hoed and cultivated twice a year. From harvesting Coptis chinensis to drying, whisking and winnowing, every process has involved the hard work of the old women of the Lisu ethnic group and the meticulous work of the girls of the Nu ethnic group. It is hard-won that Nujiang Coptis chinensis has become the top grade among Yunnan Coptis chinensis. Nujiang Orchid Orchid is the general name for orchid plants. There are many varieties of orchids, which are widely distributed and cultivated in various countries around the world. Since ancient times, orchids have been one of the top-grade flower species favored by flower lovers. Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan has fertile land, abundant rainfall, and pleasant climate. It is a natural garden rich in orchids. From the top of the white-capped Gaoligong Mountain to the banks of the surging Nujiang River, Nujiang orchids with deep roots and luxuriant leaves are all over the canyons, and their fragrance is refreshing. According to King Kao, a skilled orchid cultivator, Nujiang has the most orchid species in Yunnan, and all kinds of excellent orchids can be found in the canyon. He also said unambiguously: "The Nujiang River is the hometown of orchids." A few years ago, he gave more than 40 kinds of orchids that he collected and cultivated to a visiting friend. It is said that this uninvited guest did not come by chance. He is a person who has in-depth research on orchids from all over the world. He came here specifically to look for orchids because of the name of Nujiang Orchid. In the Nujiang River, in spring, there are plain orchids, double orchids that look like flying butterflies, and single and proud single phalaenopsis, as well as big snow orchids, small snow orchids, and single hairpin orchids in red, yellow, white, and green colors; in summer, there are bunches of flower bones. , Xia Huilan, which is fragrant in the wind; tiger head orchid and Chenxiang orchid, which roar like tigers in autumn and winter; and the various orchids that have lived deep in the canyon for a long time. They are covered with mysterious mist and emit bursts of fragrance, adding a bit more to the canyon. Fairy mountain spiritual energy. Fritillaria Gaoligong Mountain and Biluo Snow Mountain in the Nujiang River are two treasure houses of natural medicinal materials. The most precious medicinal material, Fritillaria, is produced here. Fritillaria is a perennial herbaceous plant that is suitable for growing in snow-capped mountain meadows above 3,500 meters above sea level. The plant is short, with smooth particles and is shaped like a pearl. The locals named it "Gaoligong Mountain Pearl Shell" and "Biluo Mountain Peak" based on its shape. Snow Pearl”. In midsummer, when the ice and snow in Gaoligong Mountain and Biluo Snow Mountain melt and flowers sprout in the mountain meadows, it is the best season for collecting caladiums. Every summer, people of all ethnic groups who have lived here all year round, armed with long knives and tools for mining medicinal materials on their backs, go to the snowy mountain meadows to dig fritillaries. Cordyceps: A rare medicinal Cordyceps grows on the tops of Biluo Snow Mountain and Gaoligong Mountain at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters. This medicinal cordyceps belongs to the family Lepidoptera and is a parasitic cordyceps fungus on the larvae of bat moths. Cordyceps fungus is a kind of fungus. Generally speaking, it enters the insect body in autumn. During the overwintering period of the injured insect, the Cordyceps fungus can be trapped in the insect body and grow out of the insect body in the following summer, so it is called "Cordyceps sinensis". Medical books record that Cordyceps is a famous tonic medicine. The active ingredient of Cordyceps sinensis is cordycepic acid. The general content is about 7% of Cordyceps sinensis, which is a top grade product. It is often used as an important primer in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. It has the function of nourishing the lungs and kidneys, and is mainly used to treat diseases such as fatigue and hemoptysis, backache and knee pain, physical weakness, and anemia. Nujiang River is one of the main producing areas of Cordyceps in my country. At the end of every summer, individual mountain merchants from the local trade department rush around the winding paths of the canyon, vying to buy the rare medicinal cordyceps. Ganoderma lucidum In the fertile land of Nujiang, medicinal plants grow everywhere. Ganoderma lucidum is one of them. Ganoderma lucidum is deified by humans as "Ganoderma lucidum". "Ganoderma lucidum" grows in this magical land, adding a bit of splendor to the canyon and a bit of sultry charm. Ganoderma lucidum, also known as "Wood Ganoderma", belongs to the family Polyporaceae.

It is also called "Purple Blue", "Purple Zhizhi", "Ganoderma lucidum", "Ganoderma lucidum", and some areas are named after its shape, such as the umbrella-shaped one, called "Umbrella Ganoderma", and the antler-shaped one. It is called "Lingzhi Ganoderma". The reputation of Ganoderma lucidum is roughly the same. It is a kind of "magic mushroom" that can replenish the spirit. Ganoderma lucidum is warm in nature and sweet in taste. It has the functions of replenishing essence and qi, strengthening muscles and bones, and is mainly used to treat palpitation, insomnia, forgetfulness, mental fatigue and other symptoms. Ganoderma lucidum is also available for viewing. According to records, Ganoderma lucidum is a saprophytic fungus plant with a kidney-shaped or nearly round cap, and also has a petal-shaped cap. The surface is textured, purple-brown, with a paint-like luster, the texture is hard, and the back is light brown with small holes. The stipe is slender, cylindrical or branch-shaped, upright or twisted, purple-black, and is attached to the underside of the cap. Ganoderma lucidum is suitable for growing in deep mountains and dense forests, or on the roots of old trees or dead wood on cliffs. It is distributed in Gaoligong Mountain and Biluo Snow Mountain. Flour Tree There is a kind of tree in Lazhudi, Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, and Maku, Dulong River. The local people call it "Siyehei", which means a tree that can produce flour. "Siyehei" generally grows in shady and deep areas. The height of the tree can reach more than ten meters, and the diameter of the mature tree can reach 1 meter. The leaves are about 1 meter wide and more than 3 meters long, which are very similar to banana leaves. "Siyehei" contains a lot of starch. July and August are the best times for its starch to mature. The local people are experts at obtaining this flour. They first cut off the corn, then beat it continuously on the pole with a wooden stick or axe, and the starch fell down in lumps, and dried in the sun to become a fine powder.