Brief introduction of main stone producing areas in China

3. 1? Shandong province?

More than 50 counties and cities in Shandong Province have discovered and developed stone mines, and the types of stone materials reach 1 10, including more than 80 kinds of granite and more than 20 kinds of marble, which are divided into six categories: white, black, gray, green, light red and flower. The proven reserves of granite and marble are 28 billion cubic meters and 3 billion cubic meters respectively.

At present, Shandong Province has 5 mines with an annual output of over 1000m3, more than 20 mines with an annual output of 3000~5000m3, and more than 60 mines with an annual output of under 3000m3 and over 1000 m3. Now it has formed an annual production capacity of 654.38 million cubic meters of marble and 400,000 cubic meters of granite. There are more than 60 plate processing enterprises with a certain production scale.

According to the data of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics: 1995, the output of marble slabs in Shandong Province is12.6 million m2; The output of granite slabs is 32.74 million square meters. The annual export earnings were1.200 million USD. Stone export has become the main export industry of Shandong building materials industry. ?

3. 1. 1? Rongcheng City, Shandong Province (Shidaohong)

Rongcheng is the origin of China famous stone "Shidaohong" series granite. The proven reserves of granite in the city are 654.38+03.4 billion m3, and the exploitable amount is 865.438+00 billion m3, among which the "Shidaohong" series granite is only 654.38+03.5 billion m3 above sea level. Rongcheng is the main base for processing and exporting red granite plates in China. ?

3. 1.2? Pingyi County, Shandong Province (General Red)

Pingyi County is located in the hinterland of Yimeng Mountain in Shandong Province. The county is rich in granite resources, among which the world-famous "Jiangjunhong" granite reserves reach 600 million cubic meters, mainly distributed in the Sihaishan area of the county. This county is one of the four famous red producing areas in China. ?

3. 1.3? Laizhou City, Shandong Province (black and white flowers, cherry red)

Laizhou is rich in marble and granite resources, with proven reserves exceeding 2.8 billion cubic meters. Black and white flowers and cherry red granite are excellent varieties in China. There are 24 foreign-funded stone enterprises in this city, with a total foreign investment of 28 million US dollars. Lei Yin Group, a Sino-foreign joint venture, is one of the largest enterprises in China with the best product quality and economic benefits. Laizhou stone sells well in 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and is exported to more than 30 countries and regions such as Japan, Germany and Indonesia. ?

3.2 Guangdong province?

Guangdong Province is a major stone production province in China. After the reform and opening up, the stone industry in this province has experienced two development climaxes.

The first time was in 1985, which mainly introduced the stone technology, equipment and production line at home and abroad. The second time was in 1992, mainly using domestic equipment after large-scale digestion and absorption. By the end of 1996, there were more than 4,000 stone enterprises in Guangdong province, distributed in more than 40 counties (cities) in the whole province. 1980, the output of "Three Stones" in this province was only 200,000 m2 (only marble slabs and terrazzo slabs, and granite slabs were rough). 1995, the output of "Three Stones" in this province reached 48.55 million m2 (granite slab 37.53 million m2; Marble slab 5.52 million m2; Terrazzo board 5.49 million m2). At present, Guangdong Province has formed six stone production bases. They are: the first base (under the jurisdiction of Yunfu): Yuncheng District, Yunfu County, luoding city and Xinxing County; The second base (under the jurisdiction of Zhaoqing City): Fengkai, Huaiji, Guangning and Sihui City; The third base (under the jurisdiction of Zhanjiang City): Zhanjiang City, Lianjiang, Suixi, etc. The fourth base (under the jurisdiction of Maoming): Xinyi, Gaozhou, etc. The fifth base (under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City): Jiedong, Jiexi, etc. The sixth base: Pearl River Delta and Shenzhen Special Zone.

There are more than 60 marble mining sites in Guangdong Province. These mining areas are highly mechanized and large in scale. They adopt advanced mining methods such as bulldozer, loader, mechanical drilling, wire rope saw and silent crushing.

There are more than 700 granite mines in this province with a high degree of mechanization. There are a number of large mines in Shenzhen, Fengkai, Huizhou, Taishan, Yangjiang, Lianjiang, Xinyi, Gaozhou, Jieyang, Chaozhou and Zengcheng.

Guangdong province is rich in marble resources, and geological work has been done in more than ten places, with proven reserves of 654.38+0.2 billion m3 and exploration reserves of 600 million m3. Formed five series: white, gray, red, black, other (Jin Ju, Bailing, ivory yellow, coagulated fat, etc. ), there are nearly 40 varieties of colors.

The proven granite reserves in Guangdong Province exceed 654.38 billion m3, and the proven reserves exceed 654.38 billion m3. Formed four series of red light, red powder, dark red, gray and black, with nearly 100 varieties of colors. ?

Table 2-34 Varieties and characteristics of common marble?

Name? Place of origin? Features?

White marble? Fangshan in Beijing, Huangshi in Hubei? Jade white, slightly mottled and veined?

Crystal white? Hubei? White, fine and even texture?

Snowflakes? Yixian County, Shandong Province? White and light gray alternate, the middle phase is uniform, and there are more yellow spots?

Shadow crystal white? Jiangsu Gaozi? Milky white with red to deep dimples?

Snow clouds? Guangdong Yunfu? The sun and gray alternate?

Snow? Is there a dark gray halo between the whites in Dali, Yunnan?

White? Quyang, Hebei? Five whites with microcrystals and black veins or spots?

Betel nut? Quyang, Hebei? Grayish white with uniform coarse crystals?

Cloud ash? Fangshan in Beijing, Dali in Yunnan? White or light gray background with smoky or cloudy black-gray stripes?

Crystal ash? Quyang, Hebei? Gray ochre, uniform and fine particles, with gray stripes or ochre spots?

Camel ash? Is there a dark yellow ochre vein on the grey bottom in Suzhou, Jiangsu?

Haitao? Hubei? Light gray background with deep and light blue-gray stripes?

Crack jade? Hubei Daye? Light gray with red background, red texture and blue-gray spots?

Ai Yeqing? Beijing Fangshan? Blue background, dark gray with white leaf stripes, with flake stripes in the middle?

Can Xue? Hebei Tieshan? Gray with black spots?

Luo Qing? Beijing Fangshan? Dark gray background covered with blue and white lines?

Brocade ash? Hubei Daye? Dark and disgusting, with red and gray veins?

Galaxy? Xialu, Hubei? Light gray background, densely covered with pink veins, mixed with yellow veins?

Orange? Zhejiang Changxing? Light gray background, densely covered with pink and purple veins?

Scenery? Guangdong Yunfu? On the background of the sun, regular gray-black floc stripes?

Ink wall? Hebei deer? Black, with a few light black traps or a few yellow stripes?

Ink night? Suzhou, Jiangsu is black with a few white veins or white spots?

Laiyangmo? Shandong Laiyang? Gray-black background with ink spots and gray-white spots?

Mo Yu? Guizhou and Guangxi? Black?

Huanghuawu? Huangshi, Hubei? Pale yellow and beige veins?

Coagulation? Jiangsu Yixing lard background, slightly dark yellow veinlets, occasionally transparent mixed crystals?

Jasper. Liaoning Lianshanguan? Light green or dark green and white flocculent infiltration?

Cai Yun? Hebei deer? Light emerald green background, dark green flocculent infiltration, purple spots or veins?

Spotted green? Shandong Laiyang? There are dark grass green spots and mottled patterns on the gray background?

Sunset? Beijing Shunyi? Between the stone and the yellow, there are dark yellow overlapping veins and black halo.

Crab green? Hebei? Yellow gray bottom, covered with dark gray or yellow gravel spots, with white gray layer in the middle?

Tiger pattern? Yixing, Jiangsu province, with ochre background and yellow classics?

Gray topaz? Hubei Daye? Light black-gray background with deep red, yellow and light gray textures?

Fireworks? Hangzhou, Zhejiang has a black and gray background, covered with red and white textures?

Pink? Quyang, Hebei? Pink background, coarse crystal, black stripes or spots?

Qiu Feng? Nanjing, Jiangsu has a gray-red background and a blood-red pulse?

Gravel red? Guangdong Yunfu? Light red background, covered with white gravel?

Purple line? Anhui Lingbi? Gray-red background covered with red and gray lines?

Red fish? Hubei Daye? The belly is red, and there are patches of light red gravel?

Five flowers? Jiangsu and Hebei? Purple bottom, covered with dark blue gray or purple gravel?

In addition to the above commonly used marble varieties, there is also the famous Dali in Dali, Yunnan. Stones, which are delicate, soft and colorful, are mainly mined in three ways:

Cloud-gray marble: some natural ones with a cloud-gray or cloud-gray bottom? Cloud pattern. It seems to be soaring, or the clouds are rolling, or the sky is full of clouds. what's up These patterns are like water ripples, or ripples, or rough waves, or huge smoke waves. ? This kind of stone is often used as a building panel. ?

White marble: crystal clear and pure, white as jade, with bright smoke color. Is it carved or painted? Good boards can also be made into beautiful building boards. ?

Colored marble: it is a fine product in marble. Will it develop color after polishing? Colorful natural paintings are rare in the world. According to the different patterns and colors, colored marble is divided into "green flowers" (green, dark green patterns, lush green patterns, like spring? Sky scenery), "autumn flowers" (yellow, brown, red patterns, patterns like autumn scenery)? Ink and wash flowers (black and light black patterns, look like beautiful ink and wash paintings, graceful? Since? —? —? They are often made into painting screens, flower pots, desktops, desk furnishings and other decorations. ?

How to identify the appearance quality of marble plate?

Marble is a kind of high-grade decorative material, so you must be careful when choosing it, so as not to waste money? Money. The quality of marble appearance can be identified from the following items. ?

(1) Determine the tone of the pattern? In the case of sufficient light, will the selected board be purchased in the same batch as others? At the same time, lay the marble slab flat on the ground, and stand at a distance of 1.5m for careful visual inspection. ? It is required that the patterns and tones of the same batch of marble plates should be basically coordinated. ?

(2) check the surface defects? In the case of sufficient light, put the board flat on the ground and stand at a certain distance from the marble. Invisible defects observed at the steel plate lin are considered to be defect-free; Can I stand at a distance from Banlin? The defect that is not obvious at 1.sin is no obvious defect; Standing at the distance from home plate 1.sin? Obvious defects are considered defects. ? The specific observed defect is the warping of I plate; Are there any cracks, sand holes and abnormal phenomena on the surface of the plate? There are spots, stains and depressions. If it is determined that there is no such defect, what plate is it? Excellent products, at the same time, the front of the plate is not allowed to have defects such as missing edges and falling corners; What if none of the above defects exist? Obviously, there is no obvious lack of edges and corners at the same time, which can be considered as a first-class board? Products; There are several defects that do not affect the use. What should I do if the front of the board is only/kloc-0? No more than 8mm, no more than 3mm in width, no more than 3mm in length and width of missing edge or corner, then? It can be judged that the plate is qualified. ? If the board is damaged during transportation and loading and unloading, it can be bonded (used for cracking? Board) or repair (for corner defects, potholes or pits on the surface). But what about bonding and repairing? There are no obvious marks on the back and front, and the color should be close to the front color. ?

(3) View the label? The marking sequence of marble slabs is: naming, classification, specification, size, grade and standard? The naming order of marble plates is: raw material place name, pattern name, tone characteristics, and? Marble (code M). ? Marble boards can be divided into two categories: universal boards (code N): square or long? Square plate; Special-shaped board (code S): It is a board with other shapes. ? There are three grades of marble slabs: first-class (code A) and first-class (code A? B) and qualified products (code c). Grading is based on the allowable deviation of plate specifications and sizes. Difference, flatness allowable limit tolerance, angle allowable limit tolerance, appearance quality and mirror light? Du Ze. ? For example, what is the standard size of white marble blocks produced in Fangshan, Beijing? 600mmX？ 400mmX？ The name of the 20mm first-class plate is: Fangshan white marble? Lishi, marked Fangshan white marble (M)N? 600X400X20BJC79？ Marble board shall be marked with the manufacturer's name, trademark and mark when leaving the factory. ? So you can know the overall appearance quality of the plate by looking at the traces. ?

What are the specifications and testing methods of different grades of marble plates?

Marble plates include ordinary plates (square or rectangular plates) and special-shaped plates? Two types (plates of other shapes). ? In order to ensure that the joints of slabs are neat after paving, the national standards stipulate the rules of marble slabs. Grid size tolerance, flatness tolerance and angle tolerance are allowed. ? (1) allowable deviation of specifications and dimensions? Note: When the thickness is less than or equal to 15mm, the allowable limit deviation of the thickness on the plate is 1.0 mm (just? In the standard thickness, it is l.0mm thick or thin, and if it exceeds this value, it is unqualified); When the plate thickness is greater than 15mm, the same is true? The allowable limit deviation of the thickness on the plate is 2.0mm? The length and width of the plate shall not exceed the specified value, but may be slightly lower than the specified value. ? When measuring specifications and dimensions, the scale value is? 1.？ 0mm steel ruler measuring plate? Length and width; Measure the thickness of the plate with a vernier caliper with a reading of 0.1mm. ?

(2) Allowable limit tolerance of flatness? Smoothness refers to the flatness of plate plane, which affects the whole after paving stone. Smoothness When measuring, do you stick a steel flat ruler that meets the measurement requirements on the inspected person? On the two diagonal lines of the plane where the flat plate is located, because the flat plate can't be very flat, it will be in? Measure the gap between the horizontal plane and the board surface, and measure the gap size with a feeler gauge. What if? The diagonal length of the inspected board surface is greater than? 1000mm, length? 1000mm steel? The horizontal bar is detected in sections along the diagonal. ? The flatness limit tolerance of the plate is expressed by the maximum gap. ?

(3) The allowable limit tolerance of the angle? Flat-fell seam plate, the front and side angle shall not be greater than 90. ? The allowable limit tolerance of the angle of the special-shaped plate is determined by the supplier and the buyer through consultation. Angle refers to the included angle between two adjacent sides on the plane of the board. Two adjacent side clips of the common board? The angle should be 90o. When measuring, use the specified 90 "steel square ruler and press the long side of the square ruler on the board. The long side and the short side are close to the short side of the board. Measure the gap between the plate and the short side of the square with a feeler gauge? Size. Measure the two diagonal corners of the board or the four corners of the board respectively according to the regulations, with the most? The size of the large gap is taken as the allowable limit tolerance value of the angle. ?

What are the characteristics and varieties of granite?

Natural granite is igneous rock, also called acid crystalline plutonic rock, which belongs to hard rock. By who? Feldspar, quartz and a small amount of mica. Granite is compact in structure and presents as a whole homogeneous granular nodule. Structure. According to the size of its crystal particles, it is often divided into three types: "giant crystal", "coarse crystal" and "fine crystal". Its face? The color is mainly determined by the color of feldspar and the distribution of a small amount of mica and dark minerals. Usually gray, red, strong or grayish red. It will be easy after processing and polishing. Form a beautiful spot pattern with different shades of color, characterized by fine and uniform lines. Even, there are star-like mica highlights and sparkling timely crystals. And marble? The degree of crystallization is poor, and there are few fine lines on the surface, but flowers in the form of rings, branches or veins? Grain, so we can distinguish these two kinds of stone materials accordingly. ? China is also extremely rich in granite mineral resources, with large reserves and many varieties. According to the survey? According to statistics, there are more than 100 kinds of natural granite in China. Granite for architectural decoration? Named for its pattern, color characteristics and origin of raw materials. Among them, Henan Jiang teacher is the best? Chrysanthemum green, snow green, Yunlimei, Jinan black in Jinan, Shandong and asbestos in Sichuan? Red, bean green in Shanggao, Jiangxi, Zhongshan jade in Zhongshan, Guangdong, and imperial concubine red orange in Lingqiu, Shanxi? Red, pitted white, green and black flowers, yellow and black flowers, etc. See Table 2-39 for commonly used granite varieties in China. ?

Table 2-39 Granite varieties commonly used in China?

Name? Place of origin? Name? Place of origin? Name? Place of origin?

Taishan Qing? Jinan, Shandong? Plum blossom red? Henan weir owner? Grey purple? Jiangxi Shanggao?

Shandong Taian? Sesame white? Luanchuan, Henan? Meat red? Jiangxi Shanggao?

Liu Yuhong? Shandong Licheng? Green? Luanchuan, Henan? Light gray? Jiangxi Shanggao?

Blue-gray? Shandong Qixia? Black? Pingshan, Hebei? Black and white dots? Fujian Tongan?

Black flowers on white background? Shandong Haiyang? Mo Yu? Quyang, Hebei? Xiamen white? Xiamen, Fujian province

Laizhou Qing? Yixian County, Shandong Province? Grayish white? Shandong Qingdao Fujian Shouning?

Grayish white? Shandong Pingdu? Light red? Black and white flowers in Qingdao, Shandong? Zhejiang Wencheng?

Shandong Qixia? Black flowers on a red background? Shandong junan? Gray-black? Zhejiang Pingyang

Red flowers on a black background? Shandong Qixia? Red meat and black flowers? Shandong junan? White? Anhui Huaiyuan?

Black spots on white background? Xing Zi, Jiangxi? Long blue and white? Jinan, Shandong? Bean green? Anhui Taiping?

Black? Xing Zi, Jiangxi? Taian green? Shandong Taian? Green flowers on a green background? Anhui Su Xian?

Si Tong Tanaka? Fujian Huian? White flowers on black background? Red and white in Nanchang, Jiangxi? Jiangsu Donghai?

Light red? Fujian Nan 'an? Black and white flowers? Gray-red in Nanchang, Jiangxi? Jiangsu Donghai?

Black sesame? Fujian Putian? Light green? Jiangxi Shanggao? Snowflakes? Jiangsu Donghai?

Fujian Changle? Yellow brown? Jiangxi Shanggao? Big reed flower? Jiangsu Ganyu?

Ink color? Jiangsu Ganyu? Gui feihong? Shanxi Lingqiu? Red? Shanxi Wutai?

Orange? Shanxi Wutai? Red granite? Sichuan asbestos? Black golden flower? Heilongjiang glutinous rice balls?

Pure black? Taojiang, Hunan? Tian Quan, Sichuan? Green grain? Taojiang, Hunan?

Pink (white background? Beijing Changping? Purple? Beijing Changping? Southern lipstick? Beijing Changping?

Yan xihong? Tunxi in Guangxi? Black King Kong in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia?

Decorative granite polishing plate is as bright as a mirror, with gorgeous and noble decorative effect. Common? The varieties of granite polishing plates are:

Red Series: Sichuan Red, Asbestos Red, Cenxi Red, Tiger Skin Red, Cherry Red, Pinggu Red,? Rhododendron, Rose Red, Guifei Red, Lu Honghong, Lianzhou Red, etc. ?

Yellow Red Series: Cenxi Orange Red, Liu Dong Meat Red, Lianzhou Light Red, Xingyang Pink, Xingyang? Orange red, light red floret, cherry red, coral flower, tiger skin yellow, etc. ?

White Flower Series: White Flower, White Tiger Creek, Black and White Flower, Sesame White Flower, White Flower, Lingnan White Flower,? Jinan White, Sichuan White, etc. ?

Black series: light blue black, pure black, sesame black, Sichuan black? , Yantai black, Shen? Yang Hei, Changchun Hei, etc. ?

Cyan series: Sesame Green, Rice Easy Green, Fine Hemp Green, Jinan black, Bamboo Leaf Green, Chrysanthemum Green? Blue and white, Luhuaqing, Nanxiongqing, Panxilan, etc. ?

How to choose natural decorative stone?

Natural stone refers to stone mined from natural rock mass and processed into blocks or plates? The general term for shape materials. There are mainly two kinds of decorative stones used in architectural decoration: marble and granite. ?

Marble refers to metamorphic or sedimentary carbonate rocks, and its main chemistry is 0? The composition is calcium carbonate, accounting for more than 50%, as well as magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide, manganese oxide and secondary? Silicon oxide, etc. Marble belongs to medium hard stone. ?

The color of marble plate is related to its composition. The white one contains calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and purple. Color contains manganese, black carbon or asphaltene, green contains diamond, yellow contains chromium, red and brown? Colors, purple and brown contain manganese and iron oxide hydrates, while many colors contain different components? All kinds of impurities. Pure white marble is simple in composition, but most marbles are of two kinds? Or two or more components are mixed together. All kinds of marble, crimson and red? The most unstable, followed by green. White composition is single, relatively stable, not easy to weather and change color, such as. ? White marble contains red, dark red or smooth surface, and its chemical properties are unstable? Golden particles will loosen the structure of marble and produce quality under the action of sunlight. Small change. In addition, marble generally contains impurities, and the main component is calcium carbonate. Under the action of carbon dioxide, sulfide and steam, the gas is easy to dissolve and lose its surface luster. Weathering, cracking, so except for a few, such as white marble, Ai Yeqing and so on, the quality is pure, and the impurity ratio is less? The more stable and durable varieties can be used outdoors, while other varieties are not suitable for outdoor use. Usually only? Used for interior decoration. Because marble is medium hard slate, the hardness of the plate is low, for example, on the ground? When used on a surface, the polished surface is easy to fall off, so try not to use marble slabs on the ground. ?

Because of its high price, marble plate is a high-grade decorative material, which is often used in hotels and restaurants. Exhibition halls, theaters, shopping malls. Indoor walls, cylinders and columns of public buildings such as airports and stations? Rod, window sill, service table and other parts. Now there are also houses with relatively high decoration level? As the floor decoration of the living room, marble slab looks noble and elegant. But in residential decoration, this is very? Less marble plates are used for wall decoration, mainly because of the construction of marble for wall decoration? The operation technology is very demanding. In addition, you can also make various marble decorations, such as murals and? Screen, seat screen, hanging screen, wall hanging, etc. Used for interior decoration, can also be used to inlay flower pots and? Carved furniture inlaid with high-grade hardwood. ?

Marble veneer is a polished mirror with a bright surface. Mirror, crystal clear, smooth and delicate texture, so when choosing, mainly consider its surface color? The pattern can be coordinated with the materials in other parts of the room. ?

Natural granite is magmatic rock with aluminosilicate as the main component. What is its main chemical composition? The composition is alumina and silica, and a small amount of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, so it is a? An acidic crystalline rock. It belongs to hard rock. ?

Granite is hard, acid and alkali resistant, corrosion resistant, high temperature resistant, light resistant, frost resistant and wear resistant. Good friction and durability, and the appearance color can be maintained for more than 100 years. In addition, granite plates are rich in color? Rich, even and meticulous plaid pattern, bright as a mirror after polishing, strong texture, gorgeous and high? Expensive decorative effect. The decorative style of finely crafted plates is simple and three-dimensional. ?

Because granite is not easy to weather and deteriorate, it is mostly used for wall foundation and exterior wall decoration, and also used for? Indoor wall, cylinder, window sill, etc. Because granite has high hardness and wear resistance, so is it? It is often used as the floor of high-grade building decoration engineering halls, such as hotels, restaurants and auditoriums. Hall. ?

The surface processing degree of granite plate is different, that is, its surface texture is different? Sample, should be paid attention to when using. Generally, the surface of mirror plate and thin panel is smooth and textured. Delicate, mostly used for indoor walls and floors, but also for exterior wall decoration and paving of some buildings? After the paste, the smoke sparkles and the shadows reflect, giving people a sense of grandeur. What is the surface texture of the blank plate? Rough, rough expansion, mainly used for outdoor wall base and wall decoration, there is a kind of simplicity, return to self? Natural intimacy. ?

As for the choice of color and pattern of granite plate, we should consider the decoration of the whole building. Seek harmony with the color of materials in other parts. ?

In addition, natural stone is expensive and should be carefully considered when choosing. The effect of a stone? The effect will be different from that of the whole veneer, so it cannot be simply based on the color of a single sample. When determining the pattern, it is best to learn from the used classes in order to think of the overall effect after large-area paving. A building facing decorated with stones to avoid waste caused by improper selection of materials. ?

How to choose artificial marble?

With the development of modern architecture, decorative materials are required to be light, high-strength and beautiful. View, multi-variety demand. Artificial decorative stones appear in this situation. Is it heavy? Light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, pollution resistance, convenient construction and manual pattern control, right? Ideal decorative materials for modern architecture. ? Artificial marble can be generally divided into four categories according to the raw materials and production technology used in production:

(1) cement artificial marble? This kind of artificial marble is made of cement as binder and sand as fine aggregate. Stone, granite and industrial waste residue are coarse aggregates, which are mixed, stirred and steamed under pressure. Raised, polished, commonly known as terrazzo. ?

(2) polyester artificial marble? This kind of artificial marble is made of unsaturated polyester as binder, mixed with quartz sand, Dali? Stone, calcite powder, etc. Stirring and mixing, casting and molding, and curing under the action of curing agent. When in use, it is demoulded, dried and polished. This method is often used to produce artificial marble in China? Stone. Unsaturated polyester has good luster and light color, which can be adjusted into different bright colors. This kind of resin? Low viscosity, easy molding, fast curing and room temperature curing. ?

(3) Composite artificial marble? This kind of artificial marble consists of inorganic materials and organic polymer materials. ? After the filler and inorganic material are bonded and molded, the blank is immersed in organic monomer to make it? Polymerization under certain conditions. In terms of plates, the bottom layer is made of low-priced and stable inorganic materials? The material and surface layer are made of polyester and marble powder. ?

(4) Sintered artificial marble? This artificial marble is made of feldspar, quartz, pyroxene, calcite powder and hematite powder. And a small amount of kaolin. The green body is prepared by slurry method, shaped by semi-dry pressing method and sintered in kiln? Used in furnaces? 1000? C is sintered at high temperature. ?

Among the above four artificial marble decorative panels, polyester is the most commonly used. What are its physical, chemical and mechanical properties? The chemical properties are the best, the pattern is easy to design and can be copied, which is suitable for many purposes, but the price is relative. Higher; Cement type is the cheapest, but it has poor corrosion resistance and is prone to microcracks. It only fits? Used to make dishes. The other two production processes are complicated and rarely used. ?

Polyester artificial marble (often artificial marble) imitates marble surface? Made of texture, it has the mechanical characteristics similar to marble, and the pattern can be made of? Designers control and determine by themselves, with good reproducibility; And artificial marble is light (heavier than nature? Stone is about 25% lighter), with high strength, thin thickness, good corrosion resistance, pollution resistance and relatively low? Good machinability, can be made into arc, curved surface and other shapes, and convenient construction. Quality labor? Physical and mechanical properties of marble can be equal to or better than natural marble. But what about color and texture? Not as beautiful and natural as natural marble. ?

Due to the influence of artificial marble raw materials, a lot of artificial marble is used in outdoor engineering. The stone effect is not ideal. The main performance is fast aging, great color change and great gloss change, then? After a period of use, the veneer is severely deformed and the four corners are upturned, which is not allowed for some projects. It is not fixed by expansion bolts. So artificial marble should not be widely used outdoors? Can be used for outdoor cylinder and facade decoration, but when the height exceeds 1.2m, steel wire should be used or not. Stainless steel parts are fastened. ?

Artificial marble can be used for indoor floor and wall decoration, and can also be used to make various works? Sanitary ware, such as washbasin, bathtub, toilet, etc. In addition, artificial marble can also be used to make handicrafts, such as imitation stone carvings and jade carvings, for interior decoration. ?

What are the characteristics of inferior stones?

Natural decorative stones (that is, marble and granite) are processed from natural stones? Yes, so its quality depends on the quality of raw materials on the one hand and the processing technology on the other? Related. Inferior stone is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

(l) The patterns and colors on the surface are not beautiful? As decorative stone, what people mainly value is the decoration of its processed surface? Effect. The surface pattern of high-quality stone is beautiful and elegant. Some are like flowing clouds, some are like stars, shining ... which makes the decorative surface extremely. Good decorative effect. However, the surface pattern of inferior stone after processing is not beautiful, is it? Give people beautiful enjoyment. So the tone of stone surface pattern is to evaluate the quality of stone? Main indicators. As mentioned earlier, the colored marble produced in Dali, Yunnan Province is precisely due to? Its rare pattern color has become the best in marble. ?

(2) Is the appearance quality of the processed plate poor? Is the surface feature of natural stone cut, sawed, polished and polished? Appeared. In the process of processing, the surface appearance of stone will leave some defects (such as? Appearance defects of marble plate include warping, cracks, sand holes, depressions, spots, stains and lack of edges. The appearance defects of granite plate are: lack of edge, lack of angle, crack, stain, color line, and? Pit, etc. ), if these appearance defects are beyond the scope of national standards, what is the stone? Unqualified products. Is it an integral installation to decorate the face with these inferior plates with poor appearance quality? The decorative effect will not be satisfactory. So when judging the quality of stones, besides considering the color of patterns? In addition, its appearance quality must also be checked. ?

(3) The deviation of specifications and dimensions is too large? Decorative stone materials are all processed into plates for use. Construction, patchwork (with? On the ground) or collage (when used on the wall). Make sure the decorative surface is flat? The overall seam is neat, and the national standard stipulates the deviation of the length, width and thickness of the plate. Limit tolerance of surface flatness and angle between front and side of plate. Has the inferior plate been processed? The accuracy of time is poor, which leads to its size deviation beyond the scope of national standard. This? The surface of this plate will be uneven and the joints will be uneven after paving, especially for facade decoration. Will make the decorative surface lines irregular, affecting the overall decorative effect. What about the deviation of specifications and sizes? Poor quality also directly affects the use effect of stone. ?

(4) Poor physical and chemical properties? Stone used for decoration is often characterized by its decoration (that is, the color of the stone surface? Grain surface, luster and appearance quality. ) as the requirement of material selection, but when evaluating the quality of stone? Besides decorative performance, other quality indicators should be considered, such as compressive strength and flexural strength? Degree, durability, frost resistance, wear resistance, hardness, etc. These stones with excellent physical and chemical properties? Materials, in the process of use can well resist the influence of various external factors, to ensure that stone? Decorative effect and service life of decorative surface. On the contrary, the physical and chemical properties of inferior stone are even worse. Poor, can't guarantee the durability of stone decorative surface. ? In a word, when evaluating the quality of stone, we can't limit ourselves to one aspect. It should be evaluated as a whole, considering both its decorative performance and its use performance. ?

What are the characteristics of inferior artificial stone?

Artificial stones can be divided into four categories according to different production methods, but which ones are widely used? Two kinds: polyester artificial marble and cement artificial marble? (commonly known as terrazzo) Because artificial stone is light in weight, high in strength, corrosion-resistant, pollution-resistant and practical? It is an ideal decorative material with convenient construction, diverse patterns and low price, and is widely used. Extensive. But the quality of artificial stone is also different. There are often inferior artificial stones? The following functions:

(l) poor pattern? Is the pattern of artificial stone, especially artificial marble, modeled after natural marble? Design and production of decorative patterns. Imitating realistic artificial marble has the ability to confuse? Decorative effect, and inferior artificial marble, its surface pattern is not beautiful, decorative effect? The fruit of terrazzo is very poor, if the cement variety matches the color of colored stone? Well, it will also affect its surface decoration. ?

(2) the appearance quality does not meet the requirements? For artificial marble and terrazzo, the national standard also stipulates the corresponding appearance requirements. And divide their quality grades. Does the appearance of qualified artificial stone meet these requirements? Requirements, and inferior artificial stone, its appearance defects beyond the scope of the standard, will? Affect the decorative effect of the facing. So the appearance quality is the standard to judge the quality of artificial stone? Important factors. ?

(3) The specifications and dimensions do not meet the requirements? For artificial marble and terrazzo made into plates, watches are also available when paving. Surface flatness and flat-fell seam uniformity requirements. So the national standard also stipulates? Meet the requirements of dimensional deviation and flatness, and ensure the flatness and straightness of the whole decorative surface? Clean and tidy. If the specifications and dimensions are not strictly controlled in the production and processing process, will inferior artificial products be produced? Marble board, that is, the board whose specifications and dimensions do not meet the specified requirements. ?

(4) Physical and chemical performance indicators are unqualified? Artificial stone is also used for decoration, or is it mainly selected according to its watch? It depends on the decorative properties of the surface. But when evaluating the quality, in addition to considering the decorative performance, but also? Considering its physical and chemical properties (such as compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, pollution resistance, corrosion resistance? Sex, durability, etc. ), these properties are necessary to ensure long-term decorative performance. ? Such as polyester artificial marble, because its main bonding material is organic polymer material, in reality? It will age and deteriorate when used internationally, especially under the long-term action of sunlight, heat and air. For what? If the terrazzo with cement as binder is not well maintained during production, the surface will become worse. There are many pores, if it is stained with various pollutants, such as oil, lipstick, vinegar, soy sauce and so on. Ink, mercuric chloride, etc. , will be absorbed and pollute the surface, affecting the appearance.