Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students
[2007-6-3 23:12:00 | By: Courage]
Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students
(1. Family Security)
Safety is the guarantee of family happiness. Primary and secondary school students spend most of their time at home, and the safety of their families is an important guarantee for their children's safe and healthy growth. So, how to ensure the safety of family and children?
1. An orderly life. Guarantee of safety
1. Life is orderly. There are set times for getting up, exercising, eating, and doing housework every day. The whole family lives a regular life, so that each of us always maintains abundant energy and a good mood. People are prone to accidents when they are overtired, lack of energy, depressed, and unable to concentrate. therefore. Living a regular life is the most important. In normal times, we also help each other to be neither too happy nor too sad, and to maintain a stable and good mood. This can avoid unpleasant things such as "extreme happiness begets sadness" and "misfortunes never come singly".
2． Establish a family division of labor and responsibility system. Although a family is small, it is just like a unit. There are many things to do inside and outside. It requires division of labor and mutual help.
3. Parents set an example and cultivate good qualities in their children such as seriousness, prudence, honesty, and trustworthiness.
4． Children should always be warned about what is dangerous, what not to do, and how to do it. Children have little knowledge and it is difficult to explain some truths clearly, but they must know what kind of things are dangerous, what the consequences will be, and how to avoid them.
5. Design a "safety card" for your child. The safety card first tells the children to be calm and calm when doing things. The card records her name, age, address, blood type, parents' workplace and phone numbers, as well as commonly used phone numbers (including first aid, police, fire alarm and contact numbers of major relatives and friends), as well as the child's allergies. and disease records, etc. The "Safety Card" is not only used by the children themselves, but also by those who are enthusiastic about helping others after special circumstances occur. It is necessary to be prepared.
2. Every household cannot live without fire, and every home must be fire-proof
What are the main causes of household fires?
Careless use of fire (such as using a stove) Careless use of fire and lighting, littering with unextinguished match ends and cigarette butts)
Poor fire equipment. For example, the stove does not meet the fire protection requirements, the kitchen layout is unreasonable, the stove using liquefied petroleum gas is poorly ventilated, and the stove is close to flammable materials, etc.
Improper use of liquefied petroleum gas (or gas). , Improper installation and use of household appliances (such as overload, short circuit, forgetting to cut off the power supply in time, etc.).
How to eliminate household fire hazards and prevent fires?
As the saying goes, "nine out of ten disasters are careless." As long as everyone pays attention to fire prevention and uses fire carefully, fires can be avoided.
The biggest hidden danger of fire is ideological paralysis. Therefore, adults and children at home should increase their awareness of fire prevention; learn some fire prevention knowledge:
1. Safe use of LPG and gas
Do not use LPG and gas with young children. As the age increases, children can be allowed to help parents do things within their capabilities, such as boiling water and cooking. Before doing this, you must learn to use liquefied petroleum gas and coal gas correctly.
(1) Whether it is piped gas or canned liquefied petroleum gas, it must be "ignited first and then supplied." After using the gas, always close the valve first. Turn off the switch on the gas stove.
(2) When using liquefied petroleum gas or gas to cook or boil water, pay attention and do not stay away from the kitchen to do other things. ．
(3) Liquefied gas bottles should be kept away from fire sources (at least 1 meter or more) and used upright. They cannot be placed upside down or baked with fire. It is strictly forbidden to pour out the residual liquid without permission and pump the gas back into the bottle.
(4) When using liquefied petroleum gas or coal gas, if you hear a small air leakage sound or smell a strange smell, you should immediately turn off the fire and check. Be careful not to use an open flame to check whether gas pipes are leaking.
If you hear the sound of air leakage, immediately close the cylinder valve (or the main switch of the gas pipeline), quickly open the window for ventilation, and extinguish nearby fire sources. Remember not to use ventilation fans, range hoods, electric fans, refrigerators and other household appliances at this time, and do not turn on light switches. Call your parents or gas station personnel as soon as possible to handle it.
2． Use mosquito coils safely
In summer, to prevent mosquito interference, we often use mosquito coils. The mosquito coils are small. Improper use can also cause fire, so please pay attention when using it:
(1) The lit mosquito coils should be placed on the bracket. The bracket can be placed on the cement floor or metal plate. Never place it on combustible materials such as cardboard boxes or wooden boards.
(2) The lit mosquito coils should be placed on the ground away from curtains, mosquito nets, clothes and other combustible materials. ． ’
(3) When using electric mosquito coils, they should also be placed on the ground away from paper, wood and other flammable materials. When not in use, the plug should be unplugged. ’
3. What to do if a fire accidentally breaks out at home
Once you find a fire in your home, don’t panic and take appropriate measures in a timely manner according to the fire situation.
(1) If the oil pan catches fire while cooking, quickly cover the pan tightly to isolate the fire from the air and extinguish the oil fire in the pan due to lack of oxygen. Do not use water to save the fire.
(2) When liquefied petroleum gas catches fire due to leakage, the gas source should be cut off quickly first, and the fire should be put out with a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing powder.
(3) If a household appliance catches fire, immediately unplug it or turn off the power, and then cover it with a blanket or quilt. Remember not to use water to put out a fire before the power is cut off, as water can conduct electricity and can easily cause electric shock.
(4) When a fire breaks out in a room, doors and windows cannot be opened easily. If the doors and windows are opened, due to air convection, the fire will develop rapidly and form a large-area fire.
(5) When paper, wood or cloth catches fire, you can use water to put it out. However, when electrical appliances, gasoline, alcohol, and cooking oil catch fire, do not use water to put out the fire. You can use soil, sand, mud, dry powder fire extinguishers, etc.
(6) If the fire is large, you must call the fire alarm immediately. The fire alarm telephone number is "119". After making the call, immediately report the location of the fire, the extent of the fire and your name.
(7) When trapped by fire, different methods should be used to escape from danger depending on the situation. ．
3. Household electricity safety
1. What is an electric shock?
When the human body comes into contact with a charged object and an electric current passes through the human body, it can range from pins and needles, numbness, severe pain, etc. to severe spasms, irregular heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure. , dyspnea and other symptoms, and even cardiac arrest and death within a short period of time. This is an electric shock accident.
2． What are the safety issues in using electricity?
There are two main aspects of safety issues in using electricity. One is personal safety, and the other is property safety. In order to prevent accidents from happening, pay attention to the following when using electricity:
(1) Do not stand on the ground to touch the live wire; stand on an insulator and wear insulating shoes and do not allow your body to touch the live wire and neutral wire at the same time.
(2) Protect wires, plugs, sockets, lamp holders and electrical insulation parts. Keep the insulated part dry and do not use wet hands to turn the switch, plug in or unplug the plug. ．
(3) Do not let the wires come into contact with metal objects, and do not hang the wires on nails to avoid short circuits.
(4) It is forbidden to use copper wire instead of fuse, and it is forbidden to use rubber glue instead of electrical insulation tape.
(5) Install an electric shock protector in the circuit and check the sensitivity of the protector regularly.
3. How to use electrical appliances during a thunderstorm:
(1) Turn off the switches of radios, video recorders, televisions and other electrical appliances, unplug the power plug, and unplug the antenna plug of the TV or the signal cable of the cable TV. It is best to move the cable outside the house. ,
(2) Don’t use the phone temporarily. If you must talk, use the hands-free function key, keep a distance from the phone, and avoid using the microphone directly.
(3) Stay at least 1.5 meters away from wires, lamp holders, and wired broadcast speakers.
4. What to do if you find an electric leakage or electric shock accident
If an electric shock accident occurs, cut off the power supply immediately. If the power switch is too far away. You can stand on a dry wooden bench and use non-conductive objects such as wooden sticks, bamboo poles, plastic rods, clothes, etc. to separate the person who gets an electric shock from the electrified object. Do not touch your own body or the body of others with electrified objects to avoid further electric shock. If the person who is electrocuted is holding the wire convulsively, he or she can use a dry ax with a wooden handle or wire cutters with an insulated handle to cut the wire. Rescue of those who get electrocuted must be timely and cannot be delayed for a minute or a second, because the longer the electrocution lasts, the greater the harm and the more dangerous life.
When you find someone getting electrocuted and panic, it is wrong to directly pull the electrocuted person with your hands or use scissors to cut the wire. Doing so will cause the rescuer to get electrocuted himself.
4. Poisoning prevention and first aid
1. What is food poisoning?
Food poisoning refers to diseases caused by people eating food containing toxins or bacteria.
The common characteristics of food poisoning are:
(1) Sudden onset. Usually within 1 to 2 hours to one day after eating contaminated food. Groups of people eating food from the same source can cause collective food poisoning. However, due to different body constitutions and adaptability of each person, the onset of disease also occurs in sequence.
(2) The general characteristics are: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and watery stools, which are basically similar to acute enteritis. Severe cases are accompanied by fever, dehydration, cardiovascular dysfunction and even death.
(3) Accidentally eating chemical poisons, or eating vegetables and fruits that have been sprayed with highly toxic pesticides, can cause poisoning of the blood and nervous system, resulting in cramps, increased heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and confusion. and other serious symptoms.
2． Why does food poisoning occur
(1) Unhygienic diet and eating spoiled food.
(2) Eating stale or contaminated seafood, especially shellfish.
(3) The food is contaminated or undercooked during the cooking process.
(4) Eating vegetables and fruits that have just been sprayed with pesticides.
(5) Ingested drugs by mistake. Such as rat poison, cockroach poison, pesticides, etc.
(6) During the period of taking the medicine, you ate the taboo foods specified in the medicine instructions.
(7) Taking the medicine by mistake. Most of the medicines are white, and some have similar shapes and sizes, so it is easy to mistake them. Some people do not take medicine as instructed by their doctors and take too much medicine.
(8) Excessive drinking can cause alcohol poisoning. .
(9) Eating expired or toxin-containing food.
(10) Eating animal food that is infected with disease or died of illness.
3. What to do if food poisoning occurs
(1) If it is a collective food poisoning in a family, children are usually the first to suffer from food poisoning. At this time, the whole family should go to the hospital for medical treatment. Do not give your child random medicines on your own. The sooner treatment is obtained, the better. Do not delay.
(2) If the child is alone at home and discovers the above symptoms, report it to the parents immediately; if the condition is too severe, knock on the door of the neighbor's house and ask for help to be sent to the hospital. If necessary, crawl out the door. When someone passes by and calls for help, even if he faints, he must fall outdoors and let passers-by find him.
(3) If a child is found to have ingested drugs by mistake, call an ambulance and dig his throat with your fingers to make him vomit out what he has eaten.
(4) When a doctor diagnoses food poisoning, the details must be reported to the health bureau or health and epidemic prevention station and other relevant units. What kind of food you ate and where you bought it from, so as to control the spread of poisoning in a timely manner.
(5) Save leftover food and wait for testing by the Food Hygiene Supervision and Inspection Institute, Epidemic Prevention Station and other relevant units, and then properly dispose of the leftover food and disinfect tableware and other items.
4. How to prevent food poisoning.
(1) Do not buy or eat stale or spoiled food, and do not eat seafood banned by the health department.
(2) The vegetables you buy should be soaked in clean water for half an hour or more, and the water should be changed several times. Wash it thoroughly to prevent pesticides from harming your body.
(3) Educate children not to buy food from unlicensed vendors, and not to buy canned foods and other packaged foods without trademarks or without factory dates, production units, shelf life, etc. that have trademarks that do not meet the standards.
(4) Raw and cooked foods should be separated, and tools (knives, chopping boards, wipes, etc.) should be kept separate and used exclusively for their own use. Tableware should be washed and wiped in time, and those with sterilization conditions should be disinfected frequently.
(5) Do not eat poisonous food, such as puffer fish.
(6) It is not advisable to keep pesticides and other drugs at home. At least toxic substances should be kept away from the kitchen and food cabinets.
(7) When taking medicine, you must follow the doctor's advice and take it according to the instructions. Before taking the medicine, you should carefully identify it and pay attention to the contraindications related to the medicine.
Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students (2. School Safety)
1. Discipline is the most effective guarantee for group safety
1. Why should schools establish rules and regulations
Schools establish various rules and regulations to maintain the normal education and teaching order of the school, to ensure the implementation of the party and the country’s educational policies, and to ensure the safety of all teachers and students in the school. Therefore, from the first day of school, parents should cooperate with the school and educate their children to consciously abide by the school's rules and regulations.
Discipline is a restriction on children's behavior. This restriction is precisely to allow children to gain true freedom and is an effective guarantee for children's healthy growth.
"Being disciplined" is not only a guarantee for children's health, safety and growth, but also an important part of cultivating new people with the "Four Haves".
2． Observing discipline must start from fulfilling the daily behavioral norms for primary and secondary school students
In order to enable primary and secondary school students to grow up healthily, the National Education Commission has formulated the "Daily Behavioral Norms for Primary and Secondary School Students" (hereinafter referred to as the "Norms"). The "Standards" are rich in content and very specific, taking into account all aspects of students' daily life and behavioral issues such as food, clothing, housing, and transportation. Parents should be familiar with the various contents of the "Standards". It is necessary to urge children to consciously fulfill the norms and develop good living, study habits and behavioral ethics. This is not only essential when they are students, but also beneficial to society when they grow up.
2. Electricity safety in schools
1. Students on duty must cut off the classroom power supply after school.
2． Schools with residential students must strictly prohibit students from using "heaters" in the dormitory without permission, install bed lamps, connect AC tape recorders and other self-provided electrical appliances. If there is a circuit failure or power outage, students should report it to the teacher and ask an electrician to repair it. They should not go looking for the distribution board and perform line repairs on their own.
3. Pay attention to safety and protect electrical appliances when cleaning. Do not use a wet cloth to wipe dust from wires, fluorescent tubes, and fans. If necessary, do a thorough cleaning with the power turned off.
4． There are cables and wires in the sky. Do not fly kites or perform ball games below. Do not throw objects high. Otherwise, accidents may occur if you accidentally touch the cables.
3. Safety issues in sports
1. Conduct physical examinations on students. It is to be responsible for the health and safety of students
In addition to physical examinations before admission, students are also required to undergo regular physical examinations. This is a necessary means to understand the health status of students. For the health and safety of your children, you must do the following when participating in a physical examination:
① No fraud.
②Do not conceal medical history.
2． Under what circumstances. Students should not participate in sports or strenuous exercise
(1) Students in the acute stage of various diseases should take medicine and rest as directed by the doctor, and stop participating in sports activities.
(2) Students with congenital heart disease cannot attend physical education classes and participate in sports competitions. In extracurricular activities, students should also participate in health-care activities with little physical activity under the guidance of physical education teachers.
(3) Students who have just recovered from hepatitis, nephritis, tuberculosis, etc. Cannot participate in strenuous physical activities.
(4) Students with colds and fevers should not participate in physical exercise.
(5) It is not advisable to participate in strenuous exercise immediately after meals.
3. Why do you need to do preparatory activities before exercising
The human body is an organic whole composed of various organ systems.
During physical activity, it may appear as if only the muscles are moving. In fact, the body's breathing, blood circulation and other organs are participating in activities, and they are all commanded and coordinated by the cerebral cortex. Doing preparatory activities is precisely to increase the excitement of the large cortical nerve cells. Preparatory activities can also slightly increase the body temperature, so that the muscles and tendons are in good condition, with good elasticity and stretchability, and will not be strained due to sudden contraction. or tearing, which is especially important in winter.
4. How to use sports equipment correctly
(1) When performing single and parallel bar activities, first check whether the equipment is intact and whether it will shake. A gymnastics mat with a thickness that meets the requirements must be prepared under the equipment.
(2) When doing jumping activities such as box jumping, horse vaulting, goat jumping, etc., a springboard should be placed in front of the equipment. A sponge pad should be placed behind the equipment, and the teacher should stand beside the equipment for protection. Do not jump when the movements are not mastered, when the teacher is not available or when there is a lack of protective facilities in front and behind the equipment.
(3) When throwing, such as throwing grenades, shot put, medicine ball, javelin, softball, etc., you must follow the teacher's instructions and follow the instructions without any carelessness.
(4) When jumping high or long, you must strictly follow the technical guidance of the physical education teacher. Sand pits must be dug and raked before jumping to prevent injuries or sprained feet when landing. For high jumps, you must prepare a sponge bag that meets the thickness, width and length requirements to prevent injuries when landing.
5. What to do if an injury occurs during exercise
(1) How to deal with sprains
Sprains mostly occur in the joints of the limbs. When spraining, you can apply cold compresses. The specific method of applying cold compress is to dip a towel in cold water, wring it out and then cover the injured area. You can also rinse the injured area with cold water. Cold compress can be done every 3 to 4 hours for 5 to 8 minutes each time. ’
(2) Treatment of contusions.
Injury to the body by blunt and heavy sports equipment or objects is called a contusion. First aid for a contusion is the same as for a sprain.
(3) Treatment of abrasions
Abrasions refer to injuries caused by violent friction between an exposed part of the body and the ground, wall or other object.
The treatment method is to stop the bleeding first. Since blood has the ability to clot on its own, exudative bleeding from minor scratches can stop on its own within a few minutes. Severe and large-scale abrasions will cause large amounts of bleeding and should be sent to the hospital immediately for rescue. On the way to the hospital, efforts should be made to stop the bleeding or reduce the amount of bleeding.
During the process of hemostasis, never use dirty towels, handkerchiefs, etc. to scrub the injured area to avoid bacterial infection.
(4) How to deal with fractures
A fracture is an injury to the bone.
The correct first aid steps are: first remove any obstacles that are pressing on the injured person or impeding the movement of the injured person, then lay the injured person flat, fix the injured limb, keep warm, and move slowly when moving the injured person. gentle. Then quickly send him to the hospital for treatment. ． Do not turn the injured person's body blindly to avoid broken bones and injuries to muscles, nerves, blood vessels, etc.
(5) Treatment of nosebleeds
If the nose is hit by external force and the blood vessels in the nose rupture, serious nosebleeds may occur. Patients with nosebleeds can temporarily breathe through their mouths while tilting their heads back and placing a cold water towel on their noses. If the bleeding does not stop, you can use a Vaseline gauze roll to stuff the bleeding nose.
Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students (3. Outdoor Safety)
1. Safety on the Way to School
1. Common sense about walking safety
Every student must keep in mind the following common sense about walking safety:
When the green light of the command light is on, pedestrians are allowed to pass; when the yellow light is on, pedestrians are not allowed to pass. Pedestrians who enter the sidewalk can continue to pass; when the red light is on, pedestrians are not allowed to pass; when the yellow light flashes, pedestrians must pass under the principle of ensuring safety.
Crosswalk signal: When the green light is on, pedestrians are allowed to pass the crosswalk; when the green light is flashing, pedestrians are not allowed to enter the crosswalk, but those who have already entered the crosswalk can continue to pass; when the red light is on, pedestrians are not allowed to enter the crosswalk.
Pedestrians must abide by the regulations. Pedestrians must walk on the sidewalk. If there is no sidewalk, walk on the right; when crossing the road, you must use a crosswalk; when passing a crosswalk controlled by traffic signals, you must obey the regulations of the signal; when passing a crosswalk without traffic signal control, 's sidewalk. Look left and right, pay attention to vehicles coming and going, and do not chase or run; if there is no crosswalk, you must go straight through, and you are not allowed to cross suddenly when a vehicle approaches; if there is a pedestrian overpass or underpass, you must walk onto the overpass or underpass; you are not allowed to climb the road Guardrails and isolation barriers on the side and in the road are not allowed to pick up cars, chase cars, forcibly block cars or throw objects at cars on the road.
What are the most dangerous situations when walking?
(1) It is easy to be in danger when crossing the road.
(2) Walking sideways in groups on non-pavements is the most likely to cause traffic accidents.
(3) After the peak hours of commuting and getting off work, there are few vehicles on the road, because the lack of cars and people on the road numbs the mind. Paralysis plus paralysis equals danger.
(4) Do two things while walking. Read a book while walking, or think about a problem while walking, or chat while walking, or play while walking... If you do this, the car may not hit you, but you will hit yourself. to hit the car, so it is also very dangerous.
2． Cycling Safety
(1) Children under 12 years old are not allowed to ride on the road. This is stipulated by traffic regulations
.
(2) Cycling without an umbrella.
(3) Ride without taking your hands off.
(4) Do not ride with others.
(5) Do not ride "sick" bikes.
(6) Don’t ride fast.
(7) Do not compete with motor vehicles.
(8) Do not ride in parallel.
Finally, please note that you should not ride a bicycle in bad weather such as thunderstorms, typhoons, snow, or when the snow has not melted or the roads are icy.
3. Riding safety
(1) Before getting on the bus, check which route the bus is on, because bus stops are often the same platform for several buses. If you get on the bus in a hurry, you may easily get on the wrong bus.
(2) Wait for the car to stop before getting in or out of the car. When getting on the bus, put your schoolbag on your chest. To prevent your schoolbag from being squeezed out or being rolled over by the car door.
(3) After getting on the bus, do not crowd around the door. Walk inside, stand firm wherever you see space, and hold on to the handrails. Do not extend your head, hands, or body out of the window, otherwise injuries may easily occur.
(4) When riding a bus, you must respect the elderly, love the young, and be polite. When you see the elderly, the weak, the sick, or pregnant women, you must take the initiative to give up your seat.
(5) Do not read while riding in the car, otherwise it will damage your eyes.
Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students (4. Safety Issues in Harsh Climate and Environment)
1. What to do when a tropical storm comes
(1) Listen in time , Watch radio and TV stations for forecast information about severe tropical storms, and be prepared to fight the wind.
(2) Before the arrival of a tropical storm, the first task is to check whether the doors, windows, and roofs are secure. If there is any damage, repair it or temporarily close the windows and doors. Outdoor antennas should be reinforced or folded back indoors.
(3) Prepare flashlights (including batteries) and other lighting tools at home, store clean water, and prepare grain and non-perishable food to prevent water outages, power outages, and traffic obstructions. Prepare emergency medicines to prevent unexpected events.
(4) If you live in a dilapidated house, you should move to the home of a relative or friend whose house is stable before a severe tropical storm arrives.
(5) If you are driving during windy weather, you should pay attention to tiles, glass, wooden bars and other objects falling in the air, and you should always pay attention to whether there are blown wires on the road. Don't step on wires and cables, walk around them.
2． What to do in a thunderstorm
When you are out in a thunderstorm, you must not take shelter in tall trees, chimneys, telegraph poles, steeples, melon sheds, haystacks, etc. Don’t stand on top of a mountain, ridge, etc., as tall and protruding objects are most vulnerable to lightning strikes. Students swimming or boating in open water should leave the water quickly when a thunderstorm comes, otherwise they will become the target of lightning strikes.
3. What to do in the event of a flood.
Before the flood comes, prepare food, medicine, flashlights, etc., and choose a transfer route and location. When floods come, follow the instructions of street and village government cadres, and bring the whole family with food and clothes and move to a safe place.
When floods come, if you are in class in the classroom, you must follow the teacher's instructions and move in an orderly manner. In an emergency, you must hold onto desks, chairs and other floating objects, stay with teachers and classmates as much as possible, and wait. Rescue, never swim home alone.
When flash floods break out in mountainous areas, the water in ravines and riverbanks is knee-deep, and the current is strong, students cannot cross the river alone. If the school is not closed, you must pass when going to and from school. However, under the escort of their parents and teachers, several students held hands and crossed the river diagonally in the direction of the current. When the water was waist deep, several students could not cross the river together. On the way to school, a bridge or road collapsed and they could not risk crossing. Return to school and stay overnight or ask the teacher to find other solutions.
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No.1 Discussion: Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students
[ 2007-6-29 18:54:00 | By: Xu Ruo (Visitor ) ]
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No.2 Discussion: Safety Education Manual for Primary School Students
[2007-7-15 17:45:00 | By: 1111(Visitor)]
Who should be responsible for the safety of primary and secondary school students after school?
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