there are many criteria for selecting suppliers, which can be divided into short-term criteria and long-term criteria according to the length of time. When determining the criteria for selecting suppliers, we must consider short-term criteria and long-term criteria, and combine them to make the selected criteria more comprehensive, and then use the criteria to evaluate suppliers and finally find the ideal suppliers.
I. Short-term criteria
The short-term criteria for selecting suppliers mainly include: appropriate product quality, low price level, timely delivery and good overall service level.
1. Appropriate quality of goods
The quality of purchased goods meets the requirements of the purchasing unit, which is the first condition that the purchasing unit should consider when purchasing goods. For goods with poor quality and low price, although the procurement cost is low, it will lead to an increase in the total cost of the enterprise. Because unqualified products often affect the continuity of production and the quality of finished products in the process of putting them into use, which will eventually be reflected in the total cost.
on the contrary, the high quality does not mean that the purchased goods are suitable for the production of enterprises. If the quality is too high, it far exceeds the quality required by production, which is also a waste for enterprises. Therefore, the requirements for quality in procurement are in line with the production needs of enterprises, and it is wrong to ask too much or too little.
2. Lower costs
Costs include not only the purchase price, but also all expenses incurred during the use of raw materials or parts. Low purchase price is an important condition for selecting suppliers. However, the supplier with the lowest price is not necessarily the most suitable, because if the product quality and delivery time cannot meet the requirements, or the transportation cost increases due to the geographical distance, the total cost will increase, so the lowest total cost is an important factor to consider when selecting suppliers.
3. Timely delivery
Whether the supplier can organize the supply according to the agreed delivery deadline and delivery conditions directly affects the continuity of enterprise production, so the delivery time is also one of the factors to be considered when selecting suppliers.
when considering the delivery time, enterprises need to pay attention to two aspects: first, they should reduce the inventory quantity of raw materials or spare parts used in production, thereby reducing the funds occupied by inventory and other expenses related to inventory;
second, they should reduce the risk of material breakage and shutdown, and ensure the continuity of production. Combining these two aspects, the requirements for timely delivery should be as follows: when users need it, they should deliver it, neither late nor early.
4. The overall service level is good
The overall service level of the supplier refers to the ability and attitude of each operation link within the supplier to cooperate with the buyer. The main indicators for evaluating the overall service level of suppliers are the following aspects. If the purchaser doesn't know much about how to use the purchased goods, the supplier has the responsibility to train the purchaser on the use of the products sold.
the training of suppliers before and after the sale of products will also greatly affect the choice of suppliers by buyers.
installation service: through installation service, buyers can shorten the production time or the time required for putting equipment into operation. Maintenance service. Free maintenance is to protect the interests of the buyer, but also puts forward higher quality requirements for the products provided by suppliers. In this way, suppliers will try their best to improve product quality and avoid or reduce the occurrence of free maintenance;
technical support service: if suppliers provide corresponding technical support to buyers, they can sell their products while solving problems for buyers. For example, in the information age, products are updated very quickly, and technical support such as free or paid upgrade services provided by suppliers is very attractive to buyers, which is also the embodiment of suppliers' competitiveness.
iii. Long-term criteria
The long-term criteria for selecting suppliers are mainly to evaluate whether suppliers can ensure long-term and stable supply, whether their production capacity can be relatively expanded in line with the growth of the company, whether the future development direction of their products can meet the needs of the company, and whether they have the willingness to cooperate for a long time. The long-term criteria for selecting suppliers mainly consider the following four aspects:
1. Whether the internal organization of suppliers is perfect
The internal organization and management of suppliers are related to the supply efficiency and service quality of suppliers in the future. If the supplier organization is set up in disorder, the efficiency and quality of procurement will decline, and even the supply activities will not be completed in time and with high quality due to the wrangling between supplier departments.
2. Whether the supplier's quality management system is sound
When evaluating whether the supplier meets the requirements, one of the important links is to see whether the supplier has adopted the corresponding quality system, whether the quality and management have passed the certification of IS9 quality system, whether the internal staff has completed all the work according to the quality system to the letter, and whether its quality level has reached the internationally recognized requirements of IS9.
3. Is the supplier's internal machinery and equipment advanced and how is it maintained?
From the newness and maintenance of the supplier's machinery and equipment, we can see how much managers attach importance to the quality of production machines and products, as well as the quality of internal management. If the machinery and equipment in the workshop are old and there is a lot of dust and oil on the machinery, it is hard to imagine that the enterprise can produce qualified products.
4. Is the financial status of the supplier stable
The financial status of the supplier directly affects its performance in delivery and performance. If there is a financial problem with the supplier, it will affect the supply and then affect the production of the enterprise, and even lead to a serious crisis of shutdown.
iv. steps of selecting suppliers
different enterprises will adopt different steps when selecting suppliers, but the basic steps should include the following aspects.
1. Establish an evaluation team
An enterprise must establish a team to control and implement supplier evaluation. Team members come from purchasing, production, finance, technology, marketing and other departments. Team members must have team spirit and certain professional skills. The evaluation team must be supported by the top leaders of both manufacturers and suppliers.
2. Determine the list of all suppliers
Get to know the suppliers who can provide the required items in the market through the supplier information database, as well as media channels such as purchasing personnel, sales personnel or industry magazines and websites.
3. List the evaluation indicators and determine the weights
The criteria for selecting suppliers have been discussed in detail above. In short-term standards and long-term standards, the importance of each evaluation indicator is different for different enterprises. Therefore, for different enterprises, the design of evaluation index weight should be different. One of the main tasks of evaluating suppliers is to investigate and collect information about suppliers' production and operation. On the basis of collecting supplier information, we can use certain tools and technical methods.
4. Evaluation of suppliers
Evaluation of suppliers * * * includes two procedures: first, preliminary screening of suppliers; The second is a field visit to suppliers.
in the initial screening of suppliers, the first task is to use a unified standard supplier registration form to manage the information provided by suppliers.
this information should include the registered place, registered capital, major shareholder structure, production site, equipment, personnel, major products, major customers and production capacity of the supplier. By analyzing this information, we can evaluate its technological capacity, supply stability, resource reliability and comprehensive competitiveness.
among these suppliers, a list of suppliers can be obtained after eliminating the suppliers that are obviously not suitable for further cooperation. Next, it is very important to arrange a field visit to suppliers. When necessary, the quality department and process engineers can be invited to participate in the audit team, which will not only bring professional knowledge and experience, but also contribute to the internal communication and coordination of the company.
5. Identify suppliers
After comprehensively considering many important factors, you can give each supplier a comprehensive score and select qualified suppliers.