Host Wang Hui Road Quanfeng photo
Du Shaozhong: Good morning, friends! Today, I will tell you about the changes in Beijing's air quality since July. From July/KLOC-0 to July 25th, the number of days when the air quality in our city reached the standard was 22, accounting for 88% of the monitoring days this month, 2 days more than the same period last year. At the same time, the cumulative number of days up to standard this year is 145 days, accounting for 70% of the monitoring days, which is 15 days more than the same period last year. From the change of atmospheric pollutant concentration, the concentration of main pollutants, especially carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and inhalable particulate matter related to traffic emissions, decreased by about 20% respectively compared with the same period of last year. There is another special problem to be explained. In the past 20 days, API (Air Pollution Index) has dropped by an average of 20 percentage points compared with the same period last year. That is to say, in the case of the second standard number of days, the standard number of days last year was about 90, and this year it is about 70. In layman's terms, it is this year that the gold content of our standard days has increased. In this case, the corresponding meteorological conditions are that the meteorological conditions in the first half of this month are more conducive to the diffusion of pollutants, the cold air activities are more frequent, and the upper air temperature is lower, which is conducive to the vertical diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, which is obviously rainy and conducive to the removal of pollutants in the air. However, after entering the later stage, meteorological conditions that are not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants appear, and the high temperature and high humidity wind force is very small. According to the monitoring, in many cases, the wind force is less than 1 m or 1 m. Under such meteorological conditions, the accumulation rate of pollutants in the atmosphere is obviously slowed down. It shows that our emission reduction measures have begun to show obvious effects.
Du Shaozhong talks about Zhang Yushe
Why is the concentration of pollutants in the air decreasing and the accumulation slowing down obviously? On July 1 day, temporary restrictions on motor vehicles were taken, and the construction process of heavy pollution was stopped on July 20. On the basis of meeting the emission standards, heavily polluting enterprises should continue to reduce emissions by 30%. These measures, together with the comprehensive control measures we have taken before, will play a comprehensive role in ensuring good air quality during the Olympic Games. I can only tell you this.
I'd be happy to answer your questions.
Moderator Wang Hui: Thank you, Director Du. Does Mr. Zhang Jianyu have anything to add to Mr. Du Shaozhong's speech?
Zhang Jianyu talks about Zhang Yushe
Zhang Jianyu: Thank you. Good morning, media friends. My name is Zhang Jianyu. I work for the American Environmental Protection Association, an American NGO headquartered in new york. Since 1998, we have accepted the invitation of the government of China and carried out a series of environmental protection work in China, including policy research, pilot, training, public publicity, education and participation. It is a great honor for Beijing to welcome the 2008 Olympic Games. Under such a golden opportunity and such a big environment, we will make contributions to the Beijing Olympic Games and Beijing's environmental protection through our efforts. Since 2006, we have carried out a series of activities such as "driving one day less" and "green travel" together with other non-governmental environmental protection organizations, media and social units in China. We are glad to see that in the past three years, with the Olympic Games getting closer and closer to us, the people's enthusiasm for the Olympic Games is getting higher and higher, and their enthusiasm for taking some practical actions to contribute to the blue sky in Beijing is getting higher and higher. Recently, with the Beijing municipal government taking restrictive measures, there were new actions before the 20th, and non-governmental organizations such as Beijing Cheyouhui supported the restrictive measures taken by the government. On the other hand, I hope everyone can take the single and double number restriction as an opportunity to change the way of travel. Therefore, an online calculator is specially made. If everyone participates in such an action, by marking the starting point and starting point online, the calculator can help you calculate how much pollutants can be reduced by taking different modes of travel, and at the same time help you calculate how much contribution you can make to Beijing. With the wide spread of this movement, people know it more and more, and more and more people respond. According to online statistics yesterday, there were hundreds of thousands of visitors and about 50,000 registered people. It is expected that from July 20th to September 20th, with the start of odd and even number activities, all participants in green travel can record their contributions to Beijing through online calculators, and eventually become personal gifts to the Olympic Games. So much for the job introduction. The media are welcome to ask all kinds of questions and are willing to answer your questions.
Moderator Wang Hui: Let's ask the reporter a question.
Wang Hui invited reporters to ask questions.
Australian reporter: Yesterday's evaluation index was 104. Please tell us where these evaluation figures come from. Secondly, some athletes in Australia reported some respiratory problems. How can we ensure the air quality during the Olympic Games?
Australian reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: I don't know how you worked out the number 104, but I can tell you that the monitoring result of the automatic air quality monitoring system in Beijing yesterday showed that the air pollution index was 1 10. The second question, how to ensure good air quality during the Olympic Games, is really a big problem, but it can be briefly introduced. There are three Olympic promises. First, monitor four major pollutants every day, namely sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and inhalable particles; The second is to improve air quality throughout the year; Third, keep the air quality good during the Olympic Games. Regarding these three commitments, the first one has been fully fulfilled. A relatively complete air quality monitoring system has been built in Beijing, and 27 automatic monitoring substations are distributed in urban and rural areas. At the same time, four pollutants are monitored every day and announced to the public. It should be said that the promise has been exceeded. Second, we are committed to improving air quality throughout the year. Since 1998, Beijing has carried out large-scale air pollution control. In 1998, only 100 days met the standard, and in 2007, the number of days meeting the standard was 246 days, accounting for 67.4%, which increased by 40 percentage points in nine years. In the order mentioned above, the pollutants decreased by 60.8%, 39.4%, 10.8% and 17.8% respectively. After the successful Olympic bid, the four pollutants decreased by 34%, 26%, 7% and 9% respectively. At the same time, I can clearly tell you that the first three of the four pollutants have reached the standard steadily throughout the year, and although the particulate matter has not reached the standard, it has also declined to some extent. The second promise should be said to have been fulfilled.
The specific content of the third commitment is to ensure good air quality during the Olympic Games. We can't give a clear answer to this question before the end of the Olympic Games. However, we can make scientific and logical inferences about the air quality during the Olympic Games according to the achievements we have made, the measures we have taken and the measures we are taking. We have just introduced the progress we have made and introduced the improvement of air quality this year. As we all know, it is a basic contradiction that 70% of the air quality is up to standard and 30% of the air quality is not up to standard in a year. It took us two years to organize experts from scientific research institutes, universities and many disciplines in Beijing to participate in the research and demonstration, with the participation of six neighboring provinces and cities. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Beijing Municipal People's Government, we formulated the Olympic Air Quality Assurance Plan, which was approved and implemented by the State Council in June 2008+last year 10. The main contents include comprehensive control measures before the Olympic Games and temporary emission reduction measures during the Olympic Games. The comprehensive control measures before the Olympic Games were embodied in the Notice of Air Pollution Control Measures in Phase 14 issued by the Beijing Municipal People's Government at the beginning of this year. The main contents include motor vehicle pollution control, coal pollution control, construction dust control and industrial pollution control. 2 1 measures, motor vehicles implement national four standards, and at the same time implement national four fuel standards. The newly renovated and expanded coal-fired facilities will all implement the same emission standards as gas facilities. The emission standard of coal-fired facilities is also close to the emission standard of coal-fired fuel, which is the most stringent standard in the world and plays a very important role. Therefore, in the first half of this year, the main pollutants decreased by about 20% compared with the same period of last year (except particulate matter, which decreased by 7%), and the air quality improved significantly compared with the same period of last year.
The third part is the temporary emission reduction measures during the Olympic Games. The improvement of air quality in Beijing and the air quality guarantee during the Olympic Games can be vividly compared to the triple jump. The first level is the improvement of air quality and the decline of air pollutants in the nine years mentioned above. The second level is the air quality improvement target achieved by comprehensive control measures this year. The third level is the temporary emission reduction measures taken after entering July. This temporary emission reduction measure has initially shown the effectiveness of improving air quality. Through such analysis, we can confidently tell you that we will ensure good air quality during the Olympic Games and further improve the atmospheric environment quality in Beijing. Thank you!
CBS reporter: Can I refine your answer? Every city with a large population has many motor vehicles, and Athens and Los Angeles have such problems. Every city wants to show its achievements in air quality control to the best. I also congratulate you on your achievements and reducing pollution. But no matter what has been done in the past few months, can this assure athletes whether the air can meet the needs of the competition?
CBS reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: There is a very clear answer to this question. I have just introduced it in detail. The conclusion is that it can ensure good air quality during the Olympic Games and provide a good atmospheric environment for athletes. More authoritatively, the International Olympic Committee and relevant medical committees have made a conclusion, which is completely guaranteed. thank you
Los Angeles Times reporter: The air was gray yesterday. How do you explain this? Walking in the street for a few minutes will make my lungs uncomfortable.
The Los Angeles Times reporter asked Zhang Yushe.
Du Shaozhong: I wonder if the BBC is here today. I want to discuss two common sense issues with him here. There is a problem, I don't know if you have noticed it. On July 8 this year, the BBC published two photos on related websites. One photo on the same building is very bright, and the other photo is very dark, which shows that the air quality in Beijing is still problematic. Our attitude is very clear. The air quality in Beijing really needs to be further improved, because in a year, 70% of the air quality meets the standard and 30% does not. This is a very realistic problem. However, it is unscientific to use photos to evaluate air quality, because photos, as the product of visual works, cannot reflect the essential characteristics of air quality, and need to be displayed through monitoring data, rather than being felt by the naked eye.
In a year, 70% of the air quality is qualified and 30% is not up to standard. How can we ensure that the air quality reaches the standard during the Olympic Games? This is a very simple question. It is not difficult for people with professional knowledge or who have done textual research on Beijing's air quality to answer. For the whole year, 30% of the air quality is not up to standard, which is the main pollutant of particulate matter. At the same time, it also tells us that the distribution of this 30% is uneven throughout the year, that is to say, in those seasons that are not conducive to the spread of pollutants, particulate matter may exceed the standard. For example, dust is prone to appear in spring, and there are many days when the standard is not met. In the season when pollutants are easy to diffuse and conducive to diffusion and removal, the air quality is relatively good, and the difficulty of ensuring air quality is relatively small. Therefore, in view of this situation, in view of the fact that the particulate matter is not up to standard throughout the year, we have formulated the Olympic air quality assurance scheme, aiming at reducing the overall pollution level of urban pollutants. Although the standard weather in July this year was only two days more than that in the same period last year, all the standard data decreased by an average of 20 percentage points compared with the same period last year. It shows that the overall level of pollutant discharge is declining, so that we can ensure that there will be no or less substandard days during this period. This is a very important foundation for us to provide a good guarantee for the air quality of the Olympic Games. Please pay attention to this fact. thank you
Beijing Youth Daily reporter: My question is for Mr. Director of Beijing Meteorological Bureau. I wonder how the weather bureau will judge the weather on the opening day of the Olympic Games. As far as you know, are there any specific measures? If it is likely to rain that day, what measures will be taken to reduce it? thank you
Beijing Youth Daily reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Guo Hu: This problem is related to the relationship between meteorology and environment. All the reporters present were very concerned about the weather of the opening ceremony. The press release center recently arranged a press conference on the weather at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games and during the Olympic Games (from August 8 to August 24), and will make an introduction to journalists and friends at that press conference.
Guo Hu answered the reporter's question. Zhang Yushe
Australia Channel 9: You can't see the venue for dozens of meters. Besides the athletes can see them in the gymnasium, how far can the clear air let us see the beautiful stadiums?
A reporter from Australia's Channel 9 asked questions. Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: Actually, this question should be answered by Director Guo Hu and me. Many of us can clearly see the Bird's Nest many times in a year and take beautiful photos, which gives people a pleasing feeling. But in some cases, it is really hard to see clearly, such as foggy days, rainy days and dark days, which is a natural phenomenon. Just like taking a bath in the bathroom, you may not see the opposite person, but there is no pollution inside. Of course, it doesn't mean that our air quality is no problem, but it really needs further improvement. So I want to say a common sense question. People often ask me how to judge the blue sky. The answer is simple. A popular saying is that blue sky is related to air quality, but it can't be equated absolutely. To reach the standard or judge the blue sky in the sense of environmental protection depends on the index of air quality monitoring, and we should speak with scientific data. thank you
Guo Hu: There are many rainy days in Beijing this year. In the past June, the precipitation in Beijing was 14 days, 4 days more than normal. From late June to July, the continuous precipitation in Beijing 10 days is thunderstorm weather, which is conducive to the spread of air pollutants. So by the end of June, the weather in Beijing was basically better than the second grade. At this time, people's feelings about the blue sky may be different. Do you think it's cloudy or blue? It's still a matter of concept. In addition, due to the number of days of precipitation, the precipitation in Beijing this year is nearly 30% more than normal, and the humidity in the lower layer is very high. During this period, the relative humidity at the lower level of the city has reached 70% to 80%. It reaches 890% at night. Meteorologically, Beijing has been foggy since the end of June. Due to the large amount of condensation of water vapor in the lower layer, the visibility is not particularly good, which leads to a slightly blurred vision of the building.
World Daily reporter: Overseas Chinese are not only concerned about the Olympic Games, but also about the air quality in Beijing after the Olympic Games. The current one-day and two-day restrictions are temporary. We are now very concerned about whether these measures can be sustained after the Olympic Games, such as closing factories and billing even cars. Please explain what kind of policies will be implemented in the future.
World Daily reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: The answer to this question is yes. Most of the measures taken in the past are long-term. Even if the temporary emission reduction measures during the Olympic Games, including motor vehicle restrictions, heavily polluting construction procedures, and emission reduction by heavily polluting enterprises, cannot be implemented intact after the Olympic Games, very important contents will be implemented as very useful experiences. As an important opportunity, the Olympic Games has further improved the environmental quality of Beijing. After the Olympic Games, we will continue to improve the environmental quality at a new level and build a livable city to satisfy the people of Beijing, China and overseas Chinese.
WSJ: Last week, we implemented the most stringent measures to control air pollution, but according to your statistics, the level of pollutants in two days was very high, reaching the third-level warning of the elderly, who could not go outdoors. Have these tough measures worked? Is there any evidence that these strict measures really helped to change air quality in the past?
The Wall Street Journal reporter asked Zhang Yushe.
Du Shaozhong: This phenomenon illustrates three problems. The first question shows that the control and emission reduction measures have achieved initial results and have been released to the public. From the 20th, the air pollution index was 55, 65, 67, 89, 1 13, 1 10, respectively, reaching the standard in four days and reaching the third level in two days. Compared with the same period of last year and similar meteorological conditions, these indicators have obviously decreased, and they are realized under the meteorological conditions where pollutants are not easy to spread. If these measures were not taken, these indicators would be much higher than now, so we have shown initial results.
The second question is to continue to implement these measures so that they can further show their achievements. Although the week-long severe measures and the nearly one-month motor vehicle restriction measures have initially shown results, they have also caused problems. It is necessary for us to adhere to these measures and further play their role.
The third question is actually an unexpected gain. These published data show that we take the air quality problem seriously scientifically, and at the same time show that we have earnestly fulfilled our commitments, so that some false words such as "whether the air quality has improved" and "whether it is fake" are self-defeating. As some media said, in previous monitoring reports, there was no data between 100 and 130. The facts of the past week eloquently show that 1 13 and 1 10 are in between.
Foreign media reporter: Have you used artificial methods to change the climate?
Overseas media reporters asked questions. Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: It is entirely possible to reduce pollutant emissions and improve air quality by artificial methods. It is an indisputable fact that we have made efforts and achieved results. But we are not trying to change the climate through human power.
Foreign media reporter: As you just said, artificial rainfall or some chemicals are put into the atmosphere. This is what many people say. I don't know if this is scientific. Has artificial rainfall been used?
Guo Hu: Director Du said that Beijing has taken many measures to ensure air quality, including the problem of restricting even and odd numbers. The air quality problem is a promise made by China municipal government, and the measures taken now can completely guarantee the fulfillment of the promise.
Reporter of Beijing Radio: Just now, the Secretary talked about the measures taken by China in recent years, and used some data to illustrate the improvement of air quality in recent years. However, judging from foreign media and other media, there are still some athletes who are worried about the air quality in Beijing and hesitate to come to Beijing. Others said that they would come to Beijing with masks. What advice do you have for these athletes?
A reporter from Radio Television Beijing asked Zhang Yushe.
Du Shaozhong: I have a suggestion for my friends in the media. I hope you will widely publicize our achievements and measures in improving Beijing's air quality, as well as our commitment to the international community and athletes, so that they can dispel their concerns and go to Beijing to participate in the Olympic Games and participate in various Olympic activities with confidence. thank you
China Radio International: What opinions and suggestions do regulators or government departments have for ordinary people in order to ensure the air quality during the Olympic Games?
China Radio International reporter asked Zhang Yushe.
Zhang Jianyu: The Beijing Municipal Government has issued a special letter calling on all citizens to hold a green Olympics and a green tour during the Olympic Games. In order to improve the quality of urban environment, the government should take measures and enterprises should respond. On the other hand, the direct participation of the people is very important. Some time ago, I saw a survey conducted by Zero Company, and found that many people in China are very concerned about the environment, but on the one hand, they lack relevant knowledge, and at the same time, they also lack relevant specific guidance or specific actions. How to get everyone involved in the process of environmental protection? If we look back on the cases of Beijing people participating in environmental protection in the past three years, it is a gradual evolution process. The Olympic Games just provides a good opportunity. People need two factors to change their environmental behavior. On the one hand, the first driving force is needed. People are used to the previous behavior and need an opportunity to practice another behavior and let him know what benefits will be brought after another behavior. There is another factor, if a person knows such good behavior, what kind of mechanism should he have to keep his good behavior going. In the past three years, Beijing has been carrying out activities such as "driving one day less, traveling green", including the recent restrictions on even and odd numbers from July 20 to September 20. You can see how good it is to implement single and even traffic and gradually see the blue sky. Through the actions during the Olympic Games, we are provided with an opportunity to keep good habits.
Xinhuanet reporter: I have two questions. The first question is for Director Du. Just now, I talked about two measures, that is, driving with single and even numbers, stopping production of heavy industrial enterprises and improving air quality. Are there any specific data to explain the differences between the two measures before and after implementation? The second question, please ask Director Guo to ask, the weather in Beijing these two days is very sultry and the visibility is very low. As I explained just now, low visibility has little to do with naked eye perception and air quality. What's wrong with the sultry weather? It seems to have nothing to do with precipitation.
Xinhuanet reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: First, we can't compare this week with last week, because comparing meteorological conditions is unscientific, so we often compare this year with the same period last year. As for the specific figures, I have already introduced them to you. The gender monitoring data last Saturday were 55,65,67,89, 1 13, 1 10. thank you
Guo Hu: To answer your second question. After the 20th, there was basically no precipitation in Beijing, and the temperature was relatively high, with the highest temperature of 33-34 degrees, the relative humidity of 60%-70% during the day and 80%-90% at night. Although there is no precipitation these days, people feel sultry because of the relatively high precipitation in the early stage, high water content on the ground, more water vapor in the lower layer and relatively high temperature and humidity. In addition, there is an inversion on the lower floor. The wind in Beijing is relatively light these days. People's sense of body is related to temperature and wind. When the temperature is high and the humidity is high, they feel stuffy.
Dutch media: I just said that it is not sunny these days. You said it wasn't pollution. According to statistics, we don't have that many days to reach the standard. If it is not pollution, what do we see? The second question is, are there any specific details about the gradual closure of steel mills and heavily polluting enterprises, and how much contribution has the closure of these factories made to improving the climate?
Dutch TV reporter asked Zhang Yushe
Du Shaozhong: It was introduced from different angles just now. The color of the sky is related to meteorological conditions, whether it is polluted or not and the concentration of pollutants discharged in the air. Second, all these measures have played a very important role in improving air quality. thank you
Moderator: Thank you for coming to the conference today, and the conference is over. Thanks also to the staff and simultaneous interpreters. thank you
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