vassal states were administrative divisions established in the Han Dynasty to accommodate the Huns, Qiang, Yi and other ethnic minorities who had surrendered.

In dependent countries defined by a certain geographical scope, the "customs of the country" generally remain unchanged. The subject country also refers to the minority tribes or tribes that belong to the Han Dynasty, such as the Hushui Hu in the country, the Yuezhi Zhuhu in Huangzhong, the Zhuhu in the country; or it refers to the captain of the capital of the country.

The establishment of vassal states began in the Warring States Period. For example, the word vassal state was included in the Qin weapon inscriptions. The Han Dynasty avoided the taboo of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, and changed its name to a subordinate state. From the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Han Dynasty, the counties in the north, west and east were: Ding'an, Tianshui, Shangjun, Xihe, Wuyuan, Jincheng, Beidi, Qianwei, Guanghan, Shujun, Zhangye , Juyan, and Liaodong all had tributary states. The larger ones had five or six cities, and the smaller ones had one or two cities. Large prefectures cut off outlying counties and set them up as vassal states. For example, if the northern part of Guanghan was cut off, it would become a vassal state of Guanghan. If the western part of Shu would be cut off, it would become a vassal state of Shu. It was governed as a vassal state of Liaodong. For small counties, the vassal state is placed within the county without a separate name. For example, the vassal state of Qiuci only exists as a county of Shangjun.

The subordinate country has officials such as Duwei, Cheng, Hou, and Qianren, and there are nine translation orders under it. There are also officials such as the country's chief historian, the country's Qiequ, and the country's household. Each official is filled by Han people or leaders of Hu and Qiang. The rank of the captain of the vassal state is equivalent to two thousand stones, which is the same level as the governor of the Western Regions. He is directly under the central government and has the power to govern the people and lead the army like the prefect of the county.

The officers of the country control the soldiers of the country, which are called the country's cavalry or the country's Hu cavalry, and are also called the country's Xuan army (the Xuan army is the iron army). Zhangye belongs to the state and has thousands of elite soldiers and cavalry.

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