Anshan Nanguo pear is a geographical indication protected product. Anshan Nanguo Pear is a geographical indication certification trademark.

Specific quality

This variety is famous at home and abroad for its bright-colored fruits, delicate flesh, refreshing and juicy fruit, and fragrant flavor.

It belongs to the Qiuzi pear system, and its main production area is Haicheng area in Liaoning Province. It has a cultivation history of more than 100 years and is a famous pear fruit in Liaoning Province. This variety is famous at home and abroad for its bright-colored fruit, delicate flesh, refreshing and juicy fruit, and fragrant flavor. It is a treasure comparable to fragrant pears, tribute pears and crystal pears among the pear fruits cultivated in China today.

The young branches and trunks of Nanguo pear are dark yellow-brown with sparse lenticels. The bark of the adult tree is grey-brown and shiny, with oblong, medium-large, gray-white lenticels distributed unevenly. The buds mature early, and the leaf buds are slender, conical, and pointed. Some buds can sprout 2-3 cluster-shaped secondary shoots. The apical buds are mostly adherent, the lower buds are raised, and the lateral buds are obviously free. The leaves are obovate or elliptical, with an acute tip, medium to large size, a flat surface, and regular bristly teeth on the margins; the leaf color is dark green, smooth and shiny; the petiole is 5-6 cm long, slightly purplish. Red, stipules fall early. The flower buds are mixed buds and belong to corymbs. Most of the terminal flower buds have 8 flowers per inflorescence, and a few have 6-7 flowers; each axillary flower bud has mostly 7 flowers per inflorescence. The corolla is smaller, triangular, everted and light green. The petals are nearly oval-shaped with neat edges. They are light red in the bud stage, pink when they first bloom, and white when in full bloom. There are 20-25 stamens in two whorls on the inner edge of the tube. The outer filaments are slightly longer than the inner filaments, and the anthers are smaller and pink. Slightly more pollen. The stamens have 3-5 stigmas, usually 4. The style stems are separated and vary in length.

The fruit is oblate to nearly spherical. Generally, the longitudinal diameter is 4.7-5.2 cm and the transverse diameter is 5.5-5.8 cm. The average single fruit weight is about 50-75 grams, and the maximum single fruit weight can reach 170 grams. The peel is medium-thick and tough, the surface is not very shiny, the background color is mostly yellow-green, the sunny side has a blush, and the color is bright and beautiful. The fruit spots are larger, nearly round, and unevenly distributed. The stem depressions are smaller, nearly flat, and have grooves; the stem depressions are deep and relatively neat, with most calyxes falling off and a few remaining. The fruit stem is short and thick, the fruit core is small, and the flesh is milky white. After the fruit is harvested, the flesh is slightly hard, sweet and crisp and edible. After 10-15 days of ripening, the flesh turns yellow-white, fine, soft and juicy, with few stone cells; the peel is thin, moderately sweet and sour, rich in aroma, and easily soluble in Tasty, top quality. The fruit is resistant to transportation and storage and can be stored for 5 to 7 months under controlled atmosphere refrigeration.

Phenological period

The phenological period of Nanguoli in Haicheng area is: flower bud germination period in early April, initial flowering period in late April, and full flowering period from late April to early May. The flowering period is early May. The fruit falling period is from mid-May to early June. The leaf buds are expected to sprout in early to mid-May, and the leaf unfolding period is in early May. The initial growth period of new shoots is late April, the vigorous growth period of new shoots is from mid-May to early June, and the stop growth period of new shoots is early June. Flower buds begin to differentiate in mid-June. The fruit harvesting period is early to mid-September. The leaf-falling period is mid-October.

Growth and fruiting habits

The tree is stronger, the saplings are upright, and the branches are densely distributed. The adult tree is tall and strong, with an open crown and sparse, drooping branches. It usually blooms about 2 years after planting. It begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years, and enters the period of large-scale fruiting after 10 years. Long life and easy to produce high yields. The general life span is about 80-120 years.

The crown of the fruit-bearing tree is naturally open-shaped. Under good management conditions, the annual growth of new shoots can reach about 3 cm. Under natural growth conditions, a 20-year-old tree can reach a height of 5 meters, with a crown branch spread of 6-7 meters; a large tree over 60 years old can reach a maximum height of 8 meters, with a crown branch spread of more than 10 meters.

The buds have strong germination ability, and the branching ability is related to the age, vigor and pruning factors of the tree. Young trees have strong branching ability, and each branch can sprout 4-7 new shoots; first-fruiting trees can sprout 3-4 new shoots per branch; after a large number of fruits, each branch can sprout 2-5 new shoots. The fruits are mainly produced on short fruiting branches and groups of short fruiting branches, and the fruits are attached to medium and long fruiting branches, mostly on 3-5 years old branches. Axillary flower buds have strong fruit-bearing ability. Generally, the strength of axillary flower buds on plants that grow robustly is as high as 30-40%. Short fruit branches have a longer life span, generally more than 10 years. Fruit setting ability is high. Most inflorescences can bear fruit, and generally each inflorescence can bear an average of 2-4 fruits. Nanguo pear has a low self-flowering rate. When building a garden, you should choose varieties with higher affinity (such as Huagai pear, white small pear, Jianba pear, etc.) as pollination trees.

The average weight of a single fruit of high-quality Nanguo pears is about 70g or more. The peel is thin, clean, green or yellow-green, with a blush on the sunny side and bright color. The fruit stem is thick and short and intact. The fruit core is small, the core has few cells, and the pulp is milky white. After fully ripening, the peel of Nanguo pear turns golden yellow, the flesh is yellow-white, the flesh is delicate, soft and juicy, sweet and sour, rich in aroma and excellent in flavor. According to the product quality supervision and testing center of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nanguo pear contains as many as 37 kinds of trace elements. Among them, the contents of zinc, iron, potassium, calcium, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, lysine and soluble sugar are higher than those of other fruits, and it has the effects of prolonging life and beautifying people. No wonder people call it the Queen of Pears. , the best of fruits. Anthocyanins are the main components of Nanguo pear fruit pigments. Their composition and content not only determine whether Nanguo pear is red and have commercial value, but also affect the nutritional value and flavor of Nanguo pear. Anthocyanins not only make the fruit brightly colored, but also have important functions such as antioxidant, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.