Trademarks, technology and other intangible assets are valuable assets accumulated by an enterprise after years of development. They are an important part of the enterprise's total assets. They are assets that reflect the core competitiveness of the enterprise and are also important for the enterprise to achieve sustainable development. important guarantee.
Intangible assets clearly defined in accounting standards include: patent rights, non-patented technology (proprietary technology), trademark rights, copyrights, copyrights, land use rights, franchise rights, goodwill, etc.
The role of intangible asset evaluation
Find out the financial situation and maintain the integrity of corporate assets.
The evaluation of intangible assets for the purpose of financial reporting has become an important part of corporate asset management. Over the years, the enterprise itself has developed a scientific and effective management system for the evaluation, management, and utilization of tangible assets, and its asset volume has been fully revealed in relevant financial reports. However, the managers of the enterprise do not know exactly what intangible assets an enterprise has and what their value is, forming a blind spot in asset management. Only by fully revealing the true value of this part of the assets can we be aware of it, and then change passive management to active management, standardize it, and ensure the integrity of corporate assets.
Provide management and decision-making basis for operators.
The essence of the value of intangible assets is the cultivation and development of intangible assets, the innovation ability and profitability of the enterprise, the utilization status and utilization efficiency and effect of the enterprise's resources, the potential of the enterprise's sustainable development, and the level of enterprise management. The height and so on. The assessment process is a process of asset inventory. The focus is to discover the problems and deficiencies that exist in various aspects of the company's asset management, operating processes, capital structure, corporate efficiency and profitability, etc., and strive to solve or provide constructive opinions and suggestions for the company. It is helpful for operators to make wise decisions on intangible asset investment, rationally allocate resources, and reduce investment waste.
Capital operation needs, taking intangible assets as the guide to achieve low-cost expansion.
The status of enterprises as investment entities in the market economy has been clarified, but to ensure the rationality of investment behavior, it is necessary to have a correct assessment of the current value of enterprise assets. It has become common to use intangible assets such as technology and trademark rights as investments in various economic activities such as enterprise restructuring, joint ventures, cooperation, alliances, mergers, reorganizations, and listings. For investors, investing in intangible assets can reduce cash expenditures and obtain greater investment returns with less cash investment; it can expand the scale of production and operation of goods or services using registered trademarks, and further enhance the value of the trademark. For enterprises that accept investment in intangible assets, capitalizing trademark rights can directly obtain the right to use well-known trademarks, thereby opening up the market and expanding production and operations; accepting investment in trademark rights can also encourage enterprises to strictly use registered trademarks in accordance with the law and improve operations. Management level and quality of goods or services, increase product variety, and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprise products or services. The results of the evaluation are not only an important basis for investment negotiations between investors and invested units, but also an objective standard for the invested units to determine the book value of their intangible capital.
Needs for asset trading.
In the case of transfer, auction, acquisition, licensing, etc., the value of intangible assets should be evaluated to provide an objective and fair value basis for both parties to the transaction.
Inspire investor confidence.
Once the value of intangible assets is assessed and determined by an authoritative organization, it will be deeply rooted in people's hearts and subtly affect people's understanding and acceptance of it. On the one hand, it will promote the rapid growth of enterprise scale and efficiency and the dispersion of operating risks. On the other hand, it can enable the financial market to have a more correct and positive understanding of the company's value and future development capabilities, and improve transaction opportunities and transaction efficiency with investors.
It is conducive to the expansion of sales channels and the expansion of the franchise system.
The assessed value of the intangible assets of the alliance owner's company can provide the alliance owner with something to rely on when introducing the value of his brand during the process of recruiting franchisees, so that potential franchisees can have a more accurate basis for judging the enterprise, and also provide the potential franchisees with a more accurate basis for their judgment. It allows potential franchisees to see the development potential of the company and enhance their confidence in joining. Therefore, intangible asset evaluation is particularly important for franchise owners.
Pledge loan.
The "Security Law" and the "Property Rights Law" clearly stipulate that intellectual property rights such as trademark rights, patent rights, and copyrights can be pledged for pledge loans. Whether the property owner and the bank have a unified recognition of the value of the intellectual property requires an intangible assets appraisal agency to assess objective fair value.
Intangible assets investment and capital increase.
Intangible assets can be invested at 100. Using intangible assets as the price to increase registered capital not only solves the problem of enterprises or natural persons having insufficient cash or unwillingness to use cash to increase capital, but also solves the problem of enterprises in bidding, joint ventures and cooperation, establishing groups, applying for national special funds and projects, etc. The problem of insufficient registered capital.
The need for economic negotiations.
What joint venture partners often value is not tangible assets such as machinery and equipment, factories, but intangible assets such as technology, trademarks, and resources. Even if there is no need to use intangible assets to price shares, these intangible assets can add weight in economic negotiations and occupy a strong position after being evaluated and quantified.
Provide a basis for infringement compensation.
After the evaluation of trademark rights and patent rights, in infringement litigation and administrative protection of trademarks and patents, it is helpful to quantify the losses caused by counterfeiting and infringement, determine the amount of compensation, and provide claims for rights holders to fight against counterfeiting and protect their rights. Based on this, it is conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.
Increase the success rate of enterprises being recognized as famous trademarks and well-known trademarks in China.
Expand and improve corporate influence and demonstrate corporate development strength.
As the corporate image issue gradually attracts the attention of the business community, the promotion of intangible assets represented by brands has become an important way for companies to go international. Enterprises possess a large amount of intangible assets, which create excess profits for the enterprise that exceed what ordinary means of production and production conditions can create, but their value reflected in the books is negligible. Therefore, the evaluation and promotion of intangible assets are important means to strengthen corporate image and demonstrate development strength.
Enhance corporate brand cohesion.
Intangible assets represented by brand value should not only convey the health status and development trends of the company to people outside the company, but more importantly, convey brand information to employees at all levels within the company, and cultivate employees' trust in the company. Brand loyalty to achieve the purpose of uniting people's hearts.
Trademark Right Evaluation
Trademark right is the abbreviation of trademark exclusive right, which refers to the exclusive right granted by the trademark authority to the trademark owner in accordance with the law to protect the registered trademark under national law.
Patent rights evaluation
The exclusive right to implement a specific invention and creation that the inventor or its assignee enjoys within a certain period of time is a type of intellectual property rights. Including: invention patents, utility model patents, and design patents.
Non-patented technology (proprietary technology)
It is obtained from experience or skills. It is used by enterprises in the production process and is controlled by limited management personnel. It has not obtained patent rights. , advanced technical knowledge and unique experience that are still confidential and have practical value in completing product production or business processes. Including: research methods, production plans, design methods, process flows, technical drawings, technical specifications, manufacturing technology, operating skills, material formulas, testing methods, etc.
Copyright, Copyright Assessment
The rights (including property rights and personal rights) enjoyed by authors of works in literature, art, natural sciences, social sciences, engineering technology, etc. to their works.
Including works of literature, art, natural science, social science, engineering technology, etc. created in the following forms:
a. Written works
b. Oral works ;
c. Music, drama, folk art, dance, acrobatic works of art;
d. Fine arts and architectural works;
e. Photographic works;
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f. Film works and works created using methods similar to filmmaking;
g. Graphic works and model works such as engineering design drawings, product design drawings, maps, schematic diagrams;
h. Computer software.
Franchise Valuation
A privilege granted by a competent authority to an individual or legal entity.
(1) Legal franchise (government department licensing enterprise organization)
Refers to the state or relevant government departments based on the application of enterprises or individuals, when they determine that the operating conditions comply with national laws. Under certain conditions, a license is issued, granting it the monopoly right to operate or use facilities in a specific field within a specific period, mainly including the following four items: franchise (exclusive right), production license, import and export license, resource Asset Mining License.
(2) Agreed franchise (inter-enterprise license)
It is a company granting another company to use its trademark, font size, and patent for a limited period or permanently in accordance with the transfer contract. , copyright or non-patented technology rights. It includes three forms: exclusive license, exclusive license and general license.
Sales (distribution) channels, major customers, long-term supply and marketing contracts
Sales channels (network) refer to the channels or channels through which products are transferred from producers to consumers. It is A business organization composed of a series of interdependent organizational structures, that is, a channel formed by connecting the various links that products go through in the circulation process from producers to users. The starting point of the sales channel is the producer, the end point is the user, and the intermediate links include various wholesalers, retailers, commercial service organizations, etc. For products, it does not increase the product itself, but increases the added value of the product through services; for enterprises, sales channels play the role of logistics, capital flow, information flow, and business flow, completing the task that is difficult for manufacturers to complete task.
Significant long-term stable customers (key customers) and long-term purchase and sale contracts are the most important sources of profits for enterprises to achieve stable cash flow.
Evaluation of new plant variety rights
Plants that have been artificially cultivated or developed from discovered wild plants, have novelty, specificity, consistency, stability, and have appropriate naming new plant varieties. Units and individuals that have completed breeding enjoy exclusive exclusive rights to their authorized varieties, that is, they have new plant variety rights. (Mainly found in the fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, and forestry production)
Goodwill Value Assessment
(1) Under the same conditions, due to the advantages of its geographical location, or due to Due to various reasons such as high operating efficiency, long history, and high-quality personnel, it can obtain value higher than the normal return on investment. Goodwill is an intangible asset that is not identifiable and is an integral part of the overall value of the enterprise. In the case of overall enterprise mergers and acquisitions, it is the difference between the investment cost of purchasing the enterprise and the fair value of the net assets of the merged enterprise.
(2) The difference between goodwill and trademark.
A. Trademark is a product symbol, and goodwill is a reflection of the overall reputation of the company.
B. Trademarks are intangible assets that can be identified and can be transferred to other companies or individuals while the original enterprise continues to exist. Trademarks are intangible assets that cannot be identified and cannot be separated from the existing ones. The enterprise exists independently, and its transfer can only be realized when the entire assets of the enterprise are transferred.
C. A trademark can transfer its ownership or its right to use separately. Goodwill has no distinction between ownership and use rights.
Land use rights (land value)
In our country, the ownership of land belongs to the state and collectives. What enterprises and individuals have is the use rights of land, not ownership, so The acquisition of land in our country refers to the acquisition of use rights, because it has a physical form intuitively, but it is still a special type of intangible asset.
The following contents all belong to the category of intangible assets
Assessment of brands, trademarks, goodwill, trade names, entrepreneurial value, etc.
Patent rights, proprietary technology, copyrights (Copyright), drug approval number, computer software, secrets, etc. value evaluation
Franchise rights, new plant variety invention rights, sea area use rights, route operating rights, highway toll operating rights, construction land use Rights, prospecting rights, mining rights, emission rights, wine cellars, tourist attraction fee operating rights, special landscapes, etc. value evaluation
Professional network, marketing network, customer list, long-term contract, etc. value evaluation
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