there is no exact definition of international oil cooperation so far, but what people usually mean by international oil cooperation should be the oil economic cooperation activities between different sovereign countries and different business entities in the oil industry, as well as the coordination of international oil policies. Including establishing good bilateral relations with importing and exporting countries, signing bilateral or multilateral energy cooperation agreements, trade mutual benefit, joint exploration and development, establishing production or import alliances to maintain market stability (such as OPEC and International Energy Agency), and jointly establishing strategic petroleum reserves.

after decades of development, international oil cooperation has gradually formed a relatively standardized cooperation model. Generally speaking, there are the following types of international oil cooperation:

First, international oil credit cooperation. Including foreign government credit, international financial organization credit, export credit, commercial bank credit, mixed credit, absorbing foreign deposits, issuing international bonds and international lease credit.

second, international oil investment cooperation. Mainly refers to the direct investment in the field of oil production, including the investment in oil from other countries introduced by one country and the investment in oil in other countries. Its specific ways are concession system, joint operation, product sharing and so on.

third, international oil service cooperation. It mainly includes international petroleum engineering contracting, labor import and export and international consultation.

fourth, international cooperation in petroleum science and technology. Including paid transfer and free transfer. Paid transfer mainly refers to international oil technology transfer. The methods adopted are the trading of petroleum equipment or related equipment hardware with the nature of technology transfer, and the licensing trade of patents, know-how or trademarks. Free transfer generally appears in the form of petroleum science and technology exchange, and its specific ways include exchanging petroleum science and technology information, resources and instrument samples, holding special seminars, exchanging experts and imparting experts' technology, tackling key problems with research, design and experiment, and establishing joint scientific research institutions.

fifth, international cooperation in petroleum information and management. International petroleum information cooperation mainly refers to the exchange and exchange of international petroleum economic information. The specific ways of international oil management cooperation include inviting foreign management consulting institutions and management experts to give lectures, consulting on oil management, cooperating and managing jointly, exchanging management experience and information, and holding international oil management workshops.

sixth, international oil economic assistance. Mainly in the form of funds, materials and technical assistance.

Seventh, coordination and cooperation of international petroleum economic policies. Including the coordination of the international petroleum economic organizations of the United Nations system, the coordination of heads of government meetings and mutual visits, and the coordination of international petroleum industry organizations and other relevant international energy economic organizations.