7nm, 10nm refers to a chip with 7nm, 10nm process, and nm is the abbreviation of unit nanometer. 1 nanometer is equal to 1 billionth of a meter. English for Integrated circuit: integrated circuit, abbreviated as IC; Or microcircuits, microchips and chips are a way of miniaturization of circuits (mainly including semiconductor devices and passive components, etc.). ) in electrons, and they are usually fabricated on the surface of semiconductor wafers.
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After the invention and mass production of transistors, various solid-state semiconductor components such as diodes and transistors have been widely used, replacing the functions and functions of vacuum tubes in circuits. In the middle and late 20th century, the progress of semiconductor manufacturing technology made integrated circuits possible. Compared with the manual assembly of circuits with a single discrete electronic component, integrated circuits can integrate a large number of micro-transistors into a small chip, which is a great progress. The large-scale production capacity, reliability and modular method of circuit design of integrated circuits ensure the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits instead of discrete transistors.
Compared with discrete transistors, integrated circuits have two main advantages: cost and performance. The cost is low because the chip prints all the components as a unit by photolithography technology, instead of making only one transistor at a time. The high performance is due to the fast switching of components, and because the components are small and close to each other, less energy is consumed. In 2006, the chip area ranged from a few square millimeters to 350 millimeters, and each millimeter could reach one million transistors.