Vandal was designed by Karl Hagelin for the Russian oil giant Branobel (this company is an oil company invested by the Nobel family in Russia, and the great inventor alfred nobel came from this company). Hagelin is far-sighted. He designed an inland tanker, which can transport Caspian oil directly from the lower reaches of Volga River to St. Petersburg or Finland via inland waterway, with a distance of more than 1800 miles! In the past, this route was mainly transported by inland river barges and towed by steam tugboats, so the economy of long distance was not very good. Hagelin thinks that the emerging diesel engine can be used for a try. Considering the flexibility of inland river ships in operation, speed regulation and reversing, he decided to adopt diesel engine electric drive mode. He hired Johny Johnson, a ship designer, to carry out the overall design, which was built by Sormo Waugh Shipyard.
The Vandal has a tonnage of 800 tons, a length of 74.5 meters, a width of 9.55 meters and a draft of 2.4 meters. It adopts three diesel engines jointly produced by Swedish diesel engine and ASEA, with a cylinder diameter of 290 mm, a stroke of 430 mm, a rotating speed of 240 rpm and a single output power of 120 horsepower. The diesel engine and generator of the ship are placed in the middle of the ship, and the propulsion motor is at the stern of the ship, which can directly drive three propellers, and the speed can reach 8.3 knots.
Figure 2. 1 "Destroyer"
The following year, the Nobel brothers invested in the construction of a larger oil tanker, the Samat. The ship has a displacement of 1, 150 tons and a load of 750 tons. She used two 180 horsepower diesel engines of Ludwig Nobel (cylinder diameter 320 mm, stroke 420 mm). She gave up the electric drive and directly used the diesel engine to drive the propeller, thus reducing the transmission loss of 15% and the speed reached 8.6 knots. Due to the cold in northern Russia and the freezing of rivers, these two tankers are only used in summer. Vandals have been running for 10 years, while Samat people have been using it until 1923.
The French "Little Pierre" is a diesel-powered barge with a 25-horsepower diesel engine. 1903 In September, she started sailing on the Mallner-Lyon Canal. Dissel, the inventor of the diesel engine, was also invited to visit the ship and signed it as a souvenir.
The first diesel-powered warship was 1904 "Aigrette" submarine built in France, with two identical boats. The boat has a surface displacement of 202 tons and an underwater displacement of 222 tons, with a length/width/draft of 4 1.3/3.0/2.8 meters respectively. The weapons are two 450 mm torpedo tubes with crew 16 people. She is equipped with a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. When the submarine is sailing on the water, the diesel engine directly propels the propeller to charge the battery. Switch to battery-motor underwater navigation, with an underwater speed of 9 knots, an underwater speed of 7./kloc-0 knots, an endurance of 500 knots and an underwater speed of 45 knots.
Compared with gasoline engines commonly used on submarines, diesel engines do not need complicated ignition devices when igniting, and there is no danger of gasoline volatilization and deflagration, resulting in relatively few toxic gases in the exhaust gas, which has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, safety and reliability. Subsequently, Britain also began to equip D 1 class submarines powered by diesel engines, and diesel engines gradually became the standard power configuration of conventional submarines until today.
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