In 2001, the "Development and Utilization of Camellia Flowers" project passed the expert appraisal and review organized by the Chinese Academy of Forestry and the China Association for Science and Technology; in 2003, the "Camellia Flower Processing Technology" obtained the national invention patent and was More than 40 countries have applied for international patents of the same family, and registered the "Camellia Flower" service trademark and 37 categories of product trademarks globally; more than 40 tea tree flower product formulas have been successfully launched and will soon obtain the national new resource application certificate; in 2004, "China "Camellia Flower Industry Development Proposal" was submitted to the State Council for approval; in 2005, the Camellia Flower Industry Development Project received multiple instructions from the Prime Minister and leaders of relevant ministries and commissions. In the same year, Xu Jiying was included in the list of thousands of women around the world to be nominated for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize. One of them is called "the mother of tea tree flowers" in the industry.
The development and utilization value of tea tree flowers
More than 3 million tons of flowers can be collected nationwide, and more than 500,000 tons of dried flower raw materials can be made. Tea tree flowers are a natural resource that does not require recultivation, is abundant, and can be regenerated every year.
The active ingredients in tea tree flowers are basically the same as those in tea leaves. However, the growth effects of the flowers, buds and leaves are different and the content of the ingredients is different. Because flowers bear the genetic responsibility of life, their protein and sugar content are higher than those of buds and leaves. For this reason, tea tree flower is a rare natural compound raw material.
Use the processing technology of Camellia sinensis flowers to carry out deep processing, extraction, separation and purification of the flowers to form various types of product intermediate raw materials. Because Camellia sinensis flowers have strong antioxidant properties and high immunity, intermediate raw materials can be added to food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, daily cosmetics, women's and children's hygiene products, etc. to increase the functionality and novelty of the products.
Camellia flower resource status
According to statistics from the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2009, the area of ??tea gardens nationwide has reached 28 million acres, distributed in more than 1,000 counties in 19 provinces. An adult tea garden can collect more than 200 kilograms of flowers per mu. About 5 million tons of flowers can be collected nationwide, and more than 300,000 tons of dried flower raw materials can be made. Tea tree flowers are a natural resource that does not require recultivation, is abundant, and can be regenerated every year.
Social and Economic Benefits of Camellia Flowers
1. Tea farmers can increase their income by 400-500 yuan per mu by taking advantage of winter slack to harvest flowers. The income of tea areas across the country can increase by more than 10 billion yuan.
2. The tea production can be increased by 30% in the following year, and the quality and food safety of tea can also be improved.
3. Using tea tree flower raw materials for deep processing can increase the value several times.
4. Not only will it directly benefit hundreds of millions of tea farmers (China’s tea farmer population is more than 100 million), but it will also create millions or even tens of millions of jobs, entrepreneurship, and job changes.
The “Three New Industries” of Camellia Sinensis
The “Three New Industries” of Camellia Sinensis: new resources, new products, and new uses.
An epoch-making monument of camellia flowers
The "Three New Industries" enter into agriculture, rural areas and farmers and serve the public.
Pollution-free fertilization technology for tea trees
Tea tree fertilization should be a combination of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, and a combination of base fertilizers and top dressing. A reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for tea tree fertilization is 1:0.3~0.5:0.7, with an average of about 1:0.4:0.6.
1. Base fertilizer Base fertilizer is a fertilizer applied before sowing tea seeds or planting tea seedlings. Its main function is to increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and promote soil maturation to facilitate early growth and rapid growth of tea seedlings. . Base fertilizers are generally based on organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers. 10 tons of organic fertilizers such as manure or compost and 30-50 kilograms of special fertilizer for tea trees are applied per acre. When the amount of base fertilizer is small, it should be concentrated in the sowing ditch. When the amount of base fertilizer is large, it should be applied in layers, that is, remove the mature soil first, leave the raw soil untouched, dig a trench about 50 cm, loosen the soil 15 to 20 cm at the bottom of the trench, mix the fertilizer with the soil in layers, and apply first The bottom layer is applied, then the second layer is applied, and finally the mature soil is returned.
2. Base fertilizer Base fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied after the annual growth of the above-ground part of the tea tree has stopped. The remaining functions are mainly to provide sufficient nutrients for the activities of the tea tree root system in autumn and multiple seasons and for the germination of the following spring tea. At the same time, the soil properties of tea gardens are improved to lay the foundation for high yield and high quality tea.
Most of the basal fertilizers are organic fertilizers such as manure, compost and cake fertilizer, plus appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 100~150 kilograms of vegetable cakes are applied per acre, and 40 kilograms of special fertilizer for tea trees are mixed. The application time of basal fertilizer in tea gardens is different in different regions, such as Shandong Before and after Bailu, the tea areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are from the end of September to the end of October, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places are from late November to early December, and Hainan is from early December. The location and depth of basal fertilizer application are different for tea trees of different ages. For 1- to 2-year-old direct-seeded tea seedlings, apply fertilizer at a distance of 5 to 10 cm from the root neck, with a depth of 15 to 20 cm; for 1-year-old cutting seedlings, apply fertilizer at a distance of 10 to 15 cm from the root neck. For 3- to 4-year-old tea trees, apply fertilizer at a distance of 15 to 20 cm from the root neck, with a depth of 20 to 30 cm; for adult tea trees, apply fertilizer vertically below the edge of the crown, with a depth of 20 cm.
3. Top dressing Top dressing refers to fertilizer applied during the above-ground growth period of tea trees. Its function is to continuously supplement the mineral nutrients of tea trees to further promote the growth of tea tree tubes and achieve the purpose of sustained high yield. Since tea production requires more nitrogen, top dressing should be based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate application of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.
Top dressing is mainly divided into two periods.
The first is spring tea top dressing. After tea trees go dormant in winter, they have strong growth ability and require a large amount of fertilizer. The first top dressing is commonly known as germination fertilizer. Its application period is generally determined according to the phenological stage of tea tree growth. When the tea buds elongate to the initial growth stage of the fish leaves, the effect of fertilization is best. . In the tea areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the best time to apply is around early or mid-March, that is, 15 to 20 days before the tea gardens are officially mined.