Question 1: What kinds of ceramics are classified according to their uses?

1, daily-use ceramics: such as tableware, tea sets, altars, cans, pots, pots, plates, dishes, bowls, etc.

2. Art (craft) ceramics: such as vases, sculptures, garden ceramics, utensils, photo frames, murals, furnishings, etc.

3. Industrial ceramics: refers to ceramic products used in various industries. It is divided into the following six aspects:

① Building sanitary ceramics: such as bricks, drainage pipes, ceramic tiles, exterior wall bricks, sanitary ware, etc.

② Chemical (chemical) ceramics: all kinds of acid-resistant containers, pipes, towers, pumps, valves, acid-resistant bricks and ashes for chemical industry;

③ Electric porcelain: used as insulator on high and low voltage transmission lines in power industry. Bushings for motors, post insulators, insulators for low-voltage appliances and lighting, insulators for telecommunications, insulators for radio, etc.

④ Special ceramics: Special ceramic products used in various modern industries and cutting-edge science and technology, including high-alumina porcelain, magnesia porcelain, titanium-magnesium porcelain, zircon porcelain, lithium porcelain, magnetic porcelain and cermet.

According to the material, it can be divided into brick pottery, fine pottery, stone pottery and semi-porcelain (130 relay). The raw materials are coarse to fine, and the green body is coarse to porous, and then gradually dense, sintered and fired.

Coarse pottery is the most primitive and lowest-grade ceramic ware, generally made of fusible clay. In some cases, clinker or sand can be added to clay to reduce shrinkage. The firing temperature of these products varies greatly, depending on the nature and quantity of impurities contained in the chemical composition of clay. If the porosity of bricks and tiles made of it is too high, the frost resistance of the green body is not good, and the mortar is not easy to cross, so the water absorption should generally be kept between 5 ~ 15%. The color of the green body after firing depends on the content of colored oxides in clay and the firing atmosphere. When fired in the oxidation flame, it is mainly yellow or red, and when fired in reducing flame, it is mainly cyan or black.

The blue bricks in China's building materials are yellow or red clay containing fe2o 3, which is calcined by reducing flame when the fire is near, so that Fe2O3 is reduced to FeO and becomes cyan. Pottery can be divided into ordinary pottery and exquisite pottery. Ordinary pottery refers to products with porous coloring bodies such as pottery pots, jars, altars, urns and refractory bricks. The water absorption of the green body of fine pottery is still 4 ~ 12%, so it is transparent and opaque, and it is generally white with color. Glazes are mostly fusible glazes containing lead and boron. Compared with stoneware, there is less flux, and the sintering temperature does not exceed 1300℃, so the green body is not fully sintered; Compared with porcelain, it has lower requirements for raw materials, greater plasticity and lower firing temperature. It is not easy to deform, and can simplify the processes of product forming and filling. However, the mechanical strength and impact strength of fine pottery are less than porcelain and stoneware, and its glaze is softer than the above products. When the glaze layer is damaged, the porous body is easy to be polluted, which affects the hygiene.

Fine pottery can be divided into clay, calcareous, feldspar and clinker according to different body components. Clay pottery is close to ordinary pottery. Lime fine pottery uses limestone as flux, and its production process is similar to that of feldspar fine pottery, but its quality is not as good as that of feldspar fine pottery, so it has been rarely produced and replaced by feldspar fine pottery. Feldspar fine pottery, also known as hard fine pottery, takes feldspar as flux. It is the most perfect and widely used pottery. In modern times, many countries have used it to mass-produce daily tableware (cups, plates, etc.). ) and sanitary pottery instead of expensive porcelain. Hot material fine pottery is to add a certain amount of clinker to the fine pottery blank to reduce shrinkage and avoid waste. This kind of blank is mostly used for large and thick tire products (such as bathtub, washbasin, etc.). ).

In ancient books in China, stoneware was called "stone tire porcelain". Its green body is dense and completely sintered, which is very close to porcelain. But there is no vitrification, and the water absorption rate is still below 2%. The green body is opaque and white, and most of them are allowed to develop color after firing. Therefore, the requirements for the purity of raw materials are not as high as porcelain, and raw materials are easy to obtain. Stoneware has high strength and good thermal stability, which is very suitable for modern mechanized washing, and can successfully survive the sudden change of temperature from refrigerator to oven. In the international market, due to tourism >>

Question 2: What kinds of ceramics are there? There are many classification methods. Generally speaking, people are used to classifying them from the following four aspects:

① According to the purpose, it can be divided into daily-use ceramics, art (exhibition) ceramics, sanitary ceramics, building ceramics, electrical ceramics, electronic ceramics, chemical stoneware, textile ceramics, money-permeable (gas-conveying) ceramics, etc.

② According to whether glaze is applied or not, it can be divided into glazed ceramics and unglazed ceramics.

In order to facilitate production, research and study, people sometimes divide ceramics into high-strength ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, acid-resistant ceramics, high-temperature ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, high-toughness ceramics, electrolyte ceramics, optical ceramics (that is, transparent ceramics), magnetic ceramics, dielectric ceramics, magnetic ceramics and biological ceramics.

④ It can be simply divided into three categories: hard porcelain, soft porcelain and special porcelain.

The porcelain produced in China is mainly hard porcelain. Hard porcelain, with low melting dose and high firing temperature, is white, hard and translucent above 1360℃, with good strength and high chemical and thermal stability. It is also a bad conductor of electricity, such as electric porcelain, high-grade tableware porcelain, chemical porcelain and ordinary daily-use porcelain, which can also be called feldspar glazed porcelain.

The difference between soft porcelain and hard porcelain is that the green body contains more flux and the firing temperature is slightly lower, which is below 1300℃, so its chemical stability, mechanical strength and dielectric strength are lower. Soft porcelain is not used in general industrial porcelain, which is characterized by high translucency. It is used to make a variety of fine arts porcelain, sanitary porcelain, ceramic tiles and various decorative porcelain, such as ashes porcelain and frit porcelain.

There are many kinds of special porcelain, mostly with various oxides as the main body, such as high-alumina porcelain, mainly with alumina, magnesia porcelain and magnesia; Talc porcelain, mainly talc; Beryllium porcelain, mainly beryllium oxide or beryl; Zirconium porcelain, mainly zirconia; Titanium porcelain, mainly titanium oxide.

The characteristics of the above-mentioned special porcelain are that the products containing no clay or very little clay are molded by dry pressing and high pressure. This kind of porcelain is mostly used in national defense industry and heavy industry, such as baffles on rockets and missiles, spark plugs used in airplanes and automobiles, radios, internal semiconductors, porcelain knives for rapid cutting, etc.

Question 3: What are the classifications of tiles? What is the difference? I am a home improvement designer, and many friends always want to know what tiles are. Actually, they are very simple. From the visual feeling of brick, it is mainly divided into bright brick, inferior smooth brick brick and soft light brick:

Like bright tiles, according to the development of ceramic tile technology, the earliest is polished tiles, that is, polishing the surface of ceramic tiles. The color mainly depends on the pattern of the blank, so the color is very limited, but the hardness and wear resistance are good. In order to improve the coloring technology, glazed tiles appeared later.

Glazed tiles: The emergence of glaze technology has solved the limitation of single color of polished tiles. Common types are glazed tiles, ultra-flat glazes, microcrystals, diamond glazes, marble bricks and soft marble bricks. The main difference between these products is the glaze formula, which is upgraded from front to back according to hardness. For example, microcrystals are glass crystals added to the glaze, which are shiny and luxurious, but they are very brittle, wear-resistant and easy to crack. The appearance of diamond glaze is that C60 molecules are added to the glaze, which greatly breaks through the hardness and becomes a category. But now, the glaze formulas of major brands all contain this ingredient, which has become the industry standard, so this category will lose its meaning, but many small brands will still use it as a gimmick. What is more worth mentioning is the recent incident of throwing porcelain. How can I put it? You know, advertising is actually touching porcelain and throwing bricks. In fact, when the glaze hardness reaches porcelain, it is defined as porcelain throwing bricks. At present, the typical representatives who have reached this level are Nobel, Asia and Dong Peng. For example, Dong Peng launched marble tiles on 14, and Asian tiles also launched Hilton ultra-flat marble, which is now an upgraded version of soft marble.

Inferior smooth tiles are actually glazed tiles, but the polishing process and formula are different. Glaze forms a rough texture, which is pulled out by the industry to form a category because of its unique visual style.

The same is true for soft tiles. This product avoids the shortcomings of glossy tiles that are too flashy and fancy, while inferior glossy tiles are not bright or dull in home application, which is easy to hide evil people and give people a more fashionable feeling. Especially its technical requirements, there are generally 55-degree soft light, 29-degree soft light and 89-degree soft light on the market now, but the brand that can achieve 55-degree soft light seems to be only Asian tiles, but because 55-degree is closest to the luster of natural marble, the grade will be higher. It is said that soft light products are more comfortable than bright tiles in the home environment, which can reduce the harm of ultraviolet rays to children's eyes and skin. And 29 degrees is too dim, and 89 degrees is not much different from strong light.

Question 4: What kinds of tiles are there, their advantages and disadvantages, and the classification of home decoration tiles?

First of all, by product classification:

1, ceramics, tiles, floor tiles, wall tiles, floor tiles;

2. All-in-one brick, glazed tile and vitrified brick;

3. Imitation brick, imitation wood brick, imitation jade brick, imitation cloth brick and imitation metal;

4. polished crystal brick, polished gold brick, k gold brick, gold foil brick, microcrystalline stone,

5. Full-throw glaze and ultra-flat glaze

Step 6 polish tiles

7, wood grain brick,

8. Antique bricks, ceramic tiles and solid color bricks

9. Tiles: floor tiles, wall tiles, tiles with flowers and tiles with flowers.

Second, according to the spatial classification:

Kitchen tiles, living room tiles, dining room tiles, balcony tiles, bathroom tiles, study tiles, bedroom tiles, background wall tiles, staircase tiles.

Third, according to the functional classification:

Non-slip tiles, wear-resistant tiles, antifouling tiles, high-strength tiles, easy-to-clean tiles, waterproof tiles, oil-resistant tiles, easy-to-maintain tiles, scratch-resistant tiles, frost-resistant tiles, and colorfast tiles.

First, polished tiles

This kind of brick is made of clay and stone powder by pressing and then firing. Same color on both sides, no glaze. After firing, the surface is polished to make the front surface smooth and beautiful, and the back surface is the true color of the brick.

Advantages: After the polishing process, the original stone is polished smooth and more transparent like a mirror. Using polished tiles can make the whole space look brighter.

Disadvantages: Because the polishing wheel is smooth, it doesn't slide, which means that once there is water on the ground, it is very slippery, which is why you can see that the stone laid on the stairs in buildings is not polished into light, but matt, and only in this way can it slide. At the same time, inferior polishing brick liquid is easy to penetrate and difficult to wipe.

Second, vitrified brick

Wave-point brick is similar to polished brick, but it has higher production requirements, better pressing, higher density, higher firing temperature and full porcelain. Suitable for living room, bedroom, aisle, etc.

Advantages: Wave-point brick is enhanced polishing, the surface is usually bright, and polishing treatment is not needed, which can solve the problem that polished brick is easy to get dirty to some extent.

Third, glazed tiles.

As the name implies, the surface is glazed, and the main body is divided into clay and porcelain clay. The back of fired clay is red, called ceramic tile, and the back of fired porcelain clay is gray, called ceramic tile. Usually, the effect of firing porcelain clay is good, so good bricks are called tiles instead of tiles. At present, about 80% home decoration buyers choose this brick as the floor decoration material.

Advantages: various patterns and patterns can be made on the surface of glazed tiles, which are richer in color and patterns than polishing. Because the surface is glazed, the wear resistance is not as good as polishing.

Disadvantages: thermal expansion and cold contraction are easy to crack. When the density of green body is too loose, cement sewage will penetrate to the surface.

Four. archaize brick

Antique brick is imported from abroad, which is essentially glazed porcelain brick. Antique tiles belong to ordinary tiles, which are basically the same as disks. The so-called antique refers to the effect of tiles, which should be called antique tiles.

Advantages: Antique bricks are not difficult to clean. After being pressed by thousands of tons of hydraulic press and sintered at thousands of degrees, it has high strength and strong wear resistance. After careful development, antique brick has the characteristics of waterproof, anti-slip and corrosion resistance. Antique bricks are antique.

Old style attracts people's attention with the unique charm of classicism. In order to reflect the vicissitudes of time and the massiness of history, antique bricks create a nostalgic atmosphere through styles, colors and patterns.

Disadvantages: When choosing colors, don't choose those colors that are easy to go out of date. The antifouling ability is slightly worse than that of polished tiles.

Five, the whole brick is a kind of unglazed porcelain brick, with the same material and color on the front and back, and good anti-slip and wear resistance. What we usually call "non-slip bricks" are mostly integrated bricks. Scope of Application Halls, walkways and outdoor walkways are widely used, and are generally less used for walls.

Advantages: the style is simple and affordable, and its hard, wear-resistant and non-slip characteristics are especially suitable for laying on balconies, terraces and other areas. The hardness after surface polishing can be comparable to that of stone, and the water absorption is low.

Disadvantages: monolithic brick is a kind of wear-resistant brick. Although there are still varieties of infiltrated monolithic bricks, their colors are relatively inferior to glazed tiles. Anti-skid test is also needed before purchase.

Six, mosaic

Mosaic is a special kind of brick, which generally consists of dozens of small bricks to form a larger brick. Mainly divided into ceramic mosaic, marble mosaic, glass mosaic. Scope of application Because of its small size and rich colors, it is widely used in small indoor areas, walls and outdoor areas ...

Question 5: What are the classifications of tiles? What is the difference? The types of ceramic tiles can be divided into glazed tiles, whole tiles, polished tiles, vitrified tiles and mosaics according to their manufacturing technology and characteristics. Of course, tiles with different characteristics have their own best uses. If you know enough about tiles, you can make the best use of them when decorating your room.

Full-body brick:

The surface of the brick is not glazed, and the material and color of both sides are the same, hence the name. Full-body bricks are more wear-resistant, but the color is not as good as glazed tiles. Classification is divided into non-slip brick, polished brick and permeable brick. Scope of Application Halls, walkways and outdoor walkways are widely used, and are generally less used for walls.

Glazed tiles:

Glazed brick is a kind of glazed brick. Generally speaking, glazed tiles are richer in color and pattern than polished tiles, and play a role in pollution prevention. However, because the surface of glazed tiles is glazed, the wear resistance is not as good as polished tiles. Classification is divided into ceramic glazed tiles and porcelain glazed tiles according to raw materials. According to different glossiness, it can be divided into matte and bright. Scope of application Bright glazed tiles should be used in the kitchen, not matt glazed tiles, because oil stains enter the brick surface and are difficult to clean. Glazed tiles are also suitable for bathroom balconies.

Polished tiles:

Polished brick is a brick made by grinding and polishing the whole brick. Compared with the rough plane of the whole brick, the polished brick is much smoother. This kind of brick has high hardness and is very wear-resistant. Based on the application of flower infiltration technology, polished tiles can make various stone-like and wood-like effects. Classification can be divided into infiltration polishing brick, micro-powder polishing brick, multi-tube cloth polishing brick and microcrystalline stone. Scope of application Except the bathroom and kitchen, most other indoor spaces can be used.

Vitrified brick:

Vitrified brick is made of quartz sand and mud according to a certain proportion, and then polished until it is bright, without polishing. The surface is smooth and transparent as a glass mirror, which is the hardest of all tiles. Vitrified tiles are superior to ordinary glazed tiles, polished tiles and ordinary marble in water absorption, edge straightness, flexural strength and acid and alkali resistance. However, the vitrified brick is not perfect, and its defect is that the pores are exposed after grinding, and dust and oil are easy to penetrate. The classification is mainly floor tiles. Belonging to a polished brick. Scope of application Vitrified bricks are suitable for living rooms, bedrooms and walkways.

Mosaic:

Mosaic is a special kind of brick, which generally consists of dozens of small bricks to form a larger brick. Acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, wear-resistant, waterproof, strong compressive strength, not easy to break. Classification it is mainly divided into ceramic mosaic, marble mosaic and glass mosaic. Scope of application Because of its small size and rich colors, it is widely used in small indoor areas, walls and outdoor walls and floors.

Question 6: What are the types of ceramics? Hello! I am Jingdezhen Porcelain Kung Fu Ceramics Co., Ltd.

The types of ceramics are divided into: household porcelain, craft porcelain, special porcelain and electric porcelain.

Household porcelain is divided into tableware, tea sets, cups and other practical porcelain.

Craft porcelain is divided into porcelain plate paintings, vases, appreciation plates, vats and so on.

Tao Dong kiln porcelain is not very clear. It is not convenient for our colleagues to judge. Only you can know.

I hope these can help you.

Question 7: What kinds of traditional ceramics are there? 1, ceramics can be divided into daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, sanitary ceramics and special ceramics according to their uses; 2. Definition of building ceramics Ceramic products for building engineering structures, building decoration and sanitary facilities. Comprise ceramic interior walls, exterior wall and floor tiles; Architectural glass products; Ceramic architectural relief, etc. 3. The classification of wall and floor tile can be divided into interior wall (exterior wall) and floor tile, with special stepping brick, footstone and artistic puzzle brick. 4. Wall and floor tiles can be divided into crystal, perfect, matte and polished.

Question 8: What are the classifications of tiles? As can be seen from the above, ceramic tiles on the market can be divided into five categories.

A, glazed tile:

Glazed tiles are glazed tiles.

According to the different raw materials, it can be divided into two types:

1, ceramic glazed tile (ceramic glaze for short), that is, it is made of clay and is characterized by a deep red back. High water absorption and relatively low strength.

2. Porcelain glazed tiles (referred to as porcelain glaze), that is, porcelain clay is fired, which is characterized by a gray background. Low water absorption and relatively high strength.

It should be noted that the water absorption mentioned above. Moreover, some ceramic glazed tiles have better water absorption and strength than ceramic glazed tiles. Generally speaking, the price of ceramic glaze is lower than that of porcelain glaze. Ceramic glaze is only used for wall decoration in bathrooms and kitchens, while porcelain glaze can be used for both wall decoration and floor decoration.

Glazed tiles can also be divided into the following two types according to glaze glossiness:

1, bright glazed tile, also called mirror tile. Suitable for creating a "clean" effect. Easy to clean. The cleaner the brick surface, the less slippery it is, but the dust or water will slip. The obvious example is that the brick surface is particularly slippery in windy weather, which is caused by dust.

2. Matte glazed tiles. Suitable for creating a "fashionable" effect.

Second, the bricks:

The whole brick is made of porcelain clay, the surface is not glazed, and the front and back materials are the same color, hence the name.

Integral brick is a kind of wear-resistant brick. Although there are still varieties of infiltrated monolithic bricks, their colors are relatively inferior to glazed tiles. Because the present interior design is more and more inclined to plain design, whole-body bricks are becoming more and more fashionable, which are widely used in the floors of decoration projects such as halls, aisles and outdoor walkways, and are generally less used in walls, while anti-slip bricks are mostly whole-body bricks.

Third, polished tiles:

Polished brick is a kind of bright brick with polished surface. Polished brick is a kind of integral brick. Compared with the rough plane of the whole brick, the polished brick is much smoother. Polished tiles are hard and wear-resistant, and are suitable for most indoor spaces except bathrooms, kitchens and indoor environments. Based on the application of flower infiltration technology, polished tiles can make various stone-like and wood-like effects, and the color difference is smaller and the hardness is higher than that of stone, so the manufacturing cost is high and the price is more expensive than that of stone.

Polished tiles have a fatal disadvantage: they are easy to get dirty. This is caused by concave-convex air holes left by polishing tiles. These air holes will hide evil and shelter evil, and the polished tiles will change color when they are dirty, and even some tea leaves will be powerless when they fall on the polished tiles.

Some people are aware of this. Some manufacturers add an antifouling layer to polished tiles when they leave the factory, but this antifouling layer makes polished tiles lose the effect of a whole brick. The decoration industry also has the practice of waxing water before construction to prevent sticking.

Four, vitrified brick:

Vitrified bricks are actually tiles. Its surface is smooth but does not need polishing, so there is no problem of polishing pores. The problem that polished tiles are easy to get dirty is solved. Vitrified brick is a kind of reinforced polished brick fired at high temperature. The texture is harder and more wear-resistant than polished tiles. There is no doubt that its price is also high and it is not suitable for home decoration. Therefore, the decoration of ordinary families generally chooses bricks and polished bricks.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) mosaic:

Mosaic is a kind of brick with a special way of existence, which generally consists of dozens of small bricks to form a relatively large brick. Small and exquisite, rich in color, widely used in indoor small walls and outdoor small walls or floors. It is mainly divided into:

1, ceramic mosaic. It is the most traditional mosaic, famous for its small size, but monotonous and low-level.

2. Marble mosaic. It is a mosaic variety developed in the middle period, with rich colors, but poor acid and alkali resistance and waterproof performance, so the market response is not very good.